選修八Unit 1　A land of diversity

　　晨背三部曲（話題：個人情況）

　　滿分佳作

　　(2024·安徽高考)假設(shè)你校英語社團舉辦以“講求文明，從我做起”為主題的征文活動，請你以“On the Way to School”為題，寫一篇英語短文。內(nèi)容主要包括：

　　1．遵守交通法規(guī)；

　　2．注意舉止文明。

　　On the Way to School

　　These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, ①causing serious harm to life and the environment. Changing this situation requires considerable effort on the part of everyone. As for me, it should start on my way to school.

　　I will keep traffic rules in mind all the way. If I ride a bike, I'll always keep to the right and never cross a road until the traffic light turns green. If I walk, I'll never forget to use the pedestrian crossing. Meanwhile, I will regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and healthy. Not only will I keep from littering or spitting anywhere, but I will help clean up the roadside litter ②whenever possible. I hope my behaviour will make a difference.

　　熱身體驗

　　句式仿寫

　　1．These days,

　　breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing serious harm to life and the environment.

　　→The fire lasted a whole night, causing_great_damage (造成了巨大損失)．

　　2．ot only will I keep from littering or spitting anywhere, but I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.

　　→She always sings while_doing_her_work (當(dāng)她工作時)．

　　Ⅰ.詞海拾貝

　　基礎(chǔ)記憶

　　1．means n．手段；方法

　　2．boom n.

　　(人口、貿(mào)易的)繁榮vi.

　　處于經(jīng)濟迅速發(fā)展時期

　　3．customs n.

　　海關(guān)；關(guān)稅；進(jìn)口稅

　　4．occur vi.

　　發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)

　　5．indicate vt.

　　指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示

　　6．luggage n.

　　行李

　　7．slip vi.

　　滑動；滑行；滑跤n.

　　滑動；滑倒

　　8．hire vt.& n.

　　租用；雇用

　　9．nowhere adv.

　　無處；到處都無

　　10．reform vt.& vi.

　　改革；革新n.

　　改革；改造；改良

　　11．grasp vt.& n.

　　抓住；抓緊；掌握；領(lǐng)會

　　12．distinct adj.清晰的；明顯的；明確的→distinction n．差別；區(qū)分；卓著

　　13．majority n．大多數(shù)；大半→minority n．少數(shù)

　　14．elect vt.選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人→election n．選舉

　　15．a(chǎn)pplicant n．申請人→apply vi.申請→application n．申請書；申請

　　16．a(chǎn)pparent adj.顯而易見的；顯然的；表面上的→apparently adv.顯然地；顯而易見地

　　語境記憶

　　17. Apparently,_she took no notice of the apparent mistakes in the accident.(apparent)

　　18．All the applicants can apply in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their applications before May 6th.(apply)

　　篇章記憶

　　Apparently, in such big cities as Beijing a high percentage of their population are from different cities, and even different nationalities and races.The majority are not natives, so their social culture is a mixture.

　　Ⅱ.短語互譯 1.繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存live_on

　　2．用……方法；借助……

　　by_means_of_...

　　3．習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等

　　make_a_life

　　4．堅持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等)

　　keep_up

　　5．背靠背

　　back_to_back

　　6．team up with

　　與……合作或一起工作

　　7．mark out

　　畫線；標(biāo)出……界線

　　8．take in

　　包括；吸收

　　9．a(chǎn) great/good many

　　許多；很多

　　10．a(chǎn)pply for

　　申請；請示得到

　　Ⅲ.句型一覽 1.what引導(dǎo)賓語從句

　　Exactly when the first people arrived in what_we_now_know_as_California (我們現(xiàn)在稱作加利福尼亞的地方), no one really knows.

　　2．It is likely that ... 很可能……

　　However, it_is_likely_that (很可能) Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.

　　3．why引導(dǎo)的表語從句，表示“……的原因”

　　That_is_why (那就是為什么) today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.

　　4．It is＋believed/reported＋that ...據(jù)信/據(jù)報道……

　　It_is_believed_that (人們認(rèn)為) before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.

　　Ⅳ.語法自測——名詞性從句完成句子

　　1．Could you tell me where_it_was_that you found the missing boy？(it)

　　你能告訴我你究竟是在哪里找到的那個丟失的男孩？

　　2．Decades of reform and opening-up has made our motherland what_she/it_is now.(what)

　　幾十年的改革開放使得我們祖國發(fā)展成為現(xiàn)在的樣子了。

　　3．That_he_was_caught_stealing/His_being_caught_stealing in the street made his mother very angry.(catch)

　　他被抓住在街上偷東西令他媽媽很生氣。

　　4．The progress of the work will depend on what_the_weather_conditions_are_like_and_how_modern_the_equipment_is.(be)

　　這項工作的進(jìn)展情況將取決于天氣條件和設(shè)備的現(xiàn)代化程度。

　　5．What some teenagers do not realize is_how_difficult_life_can/will_be after they get addicted to drugs.(be)

　　一些青少年沒有意識到的是吸毒成癮后生活是多么的艱難。

　　1.means n．手段；方法

　　by this means用這種方法

　　by means of

　　通過；用；借助于

　　by no means

　　決不；一點也不(置于句首時，句子用部分倒裝)

　　by all means

　　務(wù)必；不惜一切代價；(用于交際英語表示同意)當(dāng)然可以；沒問題

　　①You can't take any means

　　of transportation more than once.(2024·湖北閱讀B)

　　對于任何一種交通方式你都不能夠乘坐第二次。

　　②She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs.

　　她不會說話，但她用手勢表達(dá)了她的愿望。

　　【關(guān)鍵一點】　means意為“方式，方法”時單復(fù)數(shù)同形。若all/some/several/many means等作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；若every/each/one/a means等作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

　　【對點練習(xí)】

　　Ⅰ.用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

　　①They tried all means, which possibly are (be) helpful, but unfortunately not a means has (have) worked so far.

　　Ⅱ.根據(jù)英漢提示完成小片段

　　②他對工作一點也不滿意，他要求我們不惜一切代價完成這項任務(wù)。

　　By_no_means was he satisfied with the job and he asked us to finish the task by_all_means.

　　2.majority n．大多數(shù)；大半

　　(1)the/a majority of大多數(shù)

　　by/with a majority

　　以多數(shù)；大半

　　be in the/a majority

　　構(gòu)成大部分/大多數(shù)

　　have a majority over sb.

　　獲得多于某人的……

　　(2) minority n.

　　少數(shù)

　　in the minority

　　占少數(shù)

　　The majority of citizens consider an ordinary job boring or even valueless.(2024·廣東寫作)

　　大部分市民認(rèn)為普通的工作無聊甚至是無價值。

　　②Only a minority of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking subway to work are in the/a majority.

　　在那個城市只有少數(shù)人沒有汽車，但是乘坐地鐵上班的人卻占了大多數(shù)。

　　【關(guān)鍵一點】　the/a majority of＋名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與of后面的名詞相一致；the majority單獨作主語時，謂語動詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可。

　　【對點練習(xí)】

　　用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

　　①The majority of people find (find) it quite hard to live on the money they earn.

　　②The majority were/was (be) on the England's team, but it greatly disappointed them.

　　3.occur vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)

　　①Were there no cleaners, an inevitable deterioration in environment would occur.(2024·廣東寫作)

　　要是沒有清潔工人，環(huán)境惡化就會不可避免地發(fā)生。

　　(1)sth.occurs to sb.　 某人突然想起某事

　　It occurs to sb.that ...

　　某人突然想起……

　　It occurs to sb.to do sth.

　　某人突然想起做某事

　　(2)occurrence n.

　　發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；(偶然)事件

　　It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.

　　我從未想到過你能說服他改變想法。

　　【聯(lián)想發(fā)散】表達(dá)“某人突然想起……”的句型還有：

　　主語 句型

　　事物或it sth.comes to sb.; sth.hits/strikes sb.；It strikes/hits sb. that ...

　　人 sb.comes up with sth.; sb.hits/strikes on sth.

　　【對點練習(xí)】

　　對比填空

　　It me that I had not handed in my paper.

　　4.indicate vt.指出，標(biāo)示；指明，表明；暗示

　　(1)indicate sth.to sb.　向某人指出某物

　　indicate that ...

　　示意；表明

　　as ...indicate

　　正如……所示

　　(2)indication n.

　　指示；象征；預(yù)示

　　There is some/no indication that ...

　　有/無跡象表明……

　　I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite to me.

　　我問他我妹妹在哪里時，他指了指對面的商店。

　　②Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women.

　　研究表明，男人比女人更容易戒煙。

　　【對點練習(xí)】

　　完成句子

　　①Just_as_the_story_indicates,_“Where there is life, there is hope.” (indicate)

　　正如這個故事所暗示的：留得青山在，不怕沒柴燒。

　　②There_is_some_indication_that the hurricane was over. (be)

　　有跡象表明颶風(fēng)已經(jīng)結(jié)束。

　　5.apparently adv.顯然地；顯而易見地

　　As is apparently shown/stated in the picture/chart/passage above ...

　　正如上面圖畫/圖表/文中明顯展示/陳述的那樣……

　　(2)apparent adj.

　　顯然的；顯而易見的

　　It is apparent that ...

　　顯然…… (＝ apparently)

　　It is apparent from sth. that ...

　　從某物上很明顯地看出……

　　It is apparent to sb. that ...

　　某人明白……

　　It soon became apparent to everyone that he couldn't sing.

　　很快大家都明白他不會唱歌。

　　②It was apparent from his words that he was unsatisfied with the result.

　　從他的言語中可以明顯地看出他對這個結(jié)果不滿意。

　　【對點練習(xí)】

　　Ⅰ.完成句子

　　①As_is_apparently_shown_in_the_chart_above,_there are about 10% of the students supporting the idea.(show)

　　正如上面圖表中明確顯示的那樣，大約10%的學(xué)生支持這種觀點。

　　Ⅱ.一句多譯

　　②顯然他陷入了沉思。

　　②－1Apparently,_he was lost in thought.

　　②－2It_is_apparent_that he was lost in thought.

　　6.take in包括；吸收；理解；欺騙；收留

　　　①I managed to rent a big enough house to take in a handful of people.(2024·江蘇完形)

　　我設(shè)法租了一個足夠大的房子以收容一些人。

　　take off起飛；匆匆離去；脫下；大獲成功

　　take on

　　呈現(xiàn)；雇用

　　take over

　　接收；接管；取代

　　take up

　　占去；占據(jù)；開始；從事

　　②My writing career took off when I discovered my own style.

　　找到自己的寫作風(fēng)格后，我的寫作事業(yè)開始有起色了。

　　③In the past few years, the village has taken on a new look.

　　在過去的幾年中，這個村莊呈現(xiàn)出了新面貌。

　　【對點練習(xí)】

　　寫出下列句中take in的含義

　　①This is the total cost of the holiday, taking everything in.包括

　　②Don't be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.欺騙

　　③I found it easy to take in what the teacher had taught.理解

　　【真題印證】

　　④(2011·陜西高考)Some insects ________ the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.

　　A．take in

　　B．take off

　　C．take on

　　D．take out

　　解析：選C　考查動詞短語辨析。句意：有些昆蟲為了自我保護會呈現(xiàn)出周圍環(huán)境的顏色。take on“呈現(xiàn)”，符合句意。take in“吸收，欺騙”；take off“脫衣，起飛，成功”；take out“掏出，取出”，均不合句意。

　　　①elect vt.　選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人

　　elect to do ...

　　選擇或決定做……

　　elect sb.(to be/as) ...

　　選舉某人為……

　　②team up with

　　與……合作或一起工作

　　team spirit

　　合作精神；團隊精神

　　teamwork n.

　　協(xié)同工作；配合

　　mark out

　　畫線；標(biāo)出……界線

　　④a great/good many

　　很多；許多

　　a great/good many用于修飾可數(shù)名詞，其后名詞前有限定詞時，常用a great/good many of ...

　　【對點練習(xí)】

　　選詞填空

　　①He_was_elected_(to_be/as) the new Prime Minister.

　　②When doing my reading, I often mark_out what I regard as important in a book.

　　③I teamed_up_with Tom to do the work according to the assignment.

　　④A_great/good_many_of his books are said to have been translated into many foreign language.

　　⑤We have a_great/good_many things to do at present.

　　1.That_is_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.

　　這就是今天有超過40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語作為第一或第二語言的原因。

　　【句型透視】(1)That is why ...“這就是為什么……”(why從句表示結(jié)果)。