必修五 Unit 1　Great scientists

　　晨背三部曲（話題：興趣與愛好）

　　滿分佳作

　　(2024·江西高考)某英文報(bào)社舉辦以“I Like Reading”為主題的征文活動(dòng)， 你打算投稿。 請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)寫一篇短文：

　　1．你為什么喜歡讀書；

　　2．你喜歡哪一類的書(例如：歷史、科學(xué)、文學(xué)等)？請(qǐng)給出至少兩個(gè)理由。

　　I Like Reading

　　Reading is my favorite hobby. I can never stop the love for reading because books are like ①wise teachers as well as good friends in my life. As we all know, boo` are the source of knowledge. I benefit a great deal from reading.

　　There are a variety of books for us to choose from, like history books, science books, literary books and so on. But ②what interests me most is literary books, especially those by famous writers. For one thing, they help to improve my writing skills and broaden my horizons. For another, they can enrich my life and provide me with great fun. Isn't it a pleasure to have great calm in mind while you are reading?

　　熱身體驗(yàn)

　　句式仿寫

　　1．I can never stop the love for reading because books are like wise teachers as well as good friends

　　in my life.

　　→She shares (in) my_troubles_as_well_as_my_joys (同甘共苦)．

　　2．But

　　what interests me most

　　is literary books, especially those by famous writers.

　　→What_you_said_just_now (你剛才所說的) is very important.

　　Ⅰ.詞海拾貝

　　基礎(chǔ)記憶

　　1．a(chǎn)nalyse vt.　分析

　　2．defeat vt.

　　打敗；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫n.

　　失敗

　　3．a(chǎn)ttend vt.

　　照顧；護(hù)理；出席；參加

　　4．cure n.

　　治愈；痊愈vt.

　　治愈；治療

　　5．challenge n.

　　挑戰(zhàn) vt.

　　向……挑戰(zhàn)

　　6．suspect vt.

　　認(rèn)為；懷疑

　　n.

　　被懷疑者；嫌疑犯

　　7．blame vt.

　　責(zé)備；譴責(zé)n.

　　過失；責(zé)備

　　8．handle n.

　　柄；把手vt.

　　處理；操縱

　　9．link vt.& n.

　　連接；聯(lián)系

　　10．conclude vt.& vi.結(jié)束；推斷出→conclusion n．結(jié)論；結(jié)束

　　11．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光→exposed adj.無遮蔽的；無保護(hù)的；風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高的

　　12．pollute vt.污染；弄臟→pollution n．污染

　　13．a(chǎn)nnounce vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．通知；宣告→announcer n．播音員；廣播員

　　14．construct vt.建設(shè)；修建→construction n．建設(shè)；建筑物

　　15．contribute vt.& vi.捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助→contribution n．捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助

　　16．reject vt.拒絕；不接受；拋棄→rejection n．拒絕；拋棄

　　語境記憶

　　17．It was concluded that he didn't tell us the truth.I came to the conclusion that he was lying.(conclude)

　　18．The workers are constructing the bridge damaged by the flood, and the bridge under construction connects the road with the town.(construct)

　　19．The famous star has contributed a lot of money to the school and has made a great contribution to the building of the school.(contribute)

　　20．The announcer made an announcement that all the details should be announced through the broadcast.(announce)

　　篇章記憶

　　When the construction came to the stage of painting, some workers were defeated by a severe disease.An expert was called in to handle this case.He was enthusiastic, but he didn't foresee that it was a hard challenge.After simple enquiry, he announced that the paint was to blame.But without positive evidence, people suspected and rejected his view.He absorbed himself to the case, and analysed the data cautiously.Finally, he proved he was right.

　　Ⅱ.短語互譯

　　1.提出

　　put_forward

　　2．得出結(jié)論

　　draw_a_conclusion

　　3．使顯露；暴露

　　expose_..._to

　　4．講得通；有意義

　　make_sense

　　5．面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)

　　face_a_challenge

　　6．link ... to ...

　　將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來

　　7．a(chǎn)part from

　　除……之外；此外

　　8．(be) strict with ...

　　對(duì)……嚴(yán)格的

　　9．be to blame

　　應(yīng)受譴責(zé)

　　10．lead to

　　導(dǎo)致

　　Ⅲ.句型一覽

　　1.neither ... nor ... 既不……也不……

　　Neither its cause nor (既不……也不……) its cure was understood.

　　2．every time引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句

　　So many thousands of terrified people died every_time_there_was_an_outbreak (每次爆發(fā)時(shí))．

　　3．“only＋狀語從句”置于句首，主句使用部分倒裝

　　Only_if_you_put_the_sun_there (只有把太陽放在那里) did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.

　　Ⅳ.語法自測(cè)——過去分詞作定語或表語完成句子

　　1．Before us lies the biggest room, filled_with_things like guns, dolls and old clothes.(fill)

　　我們面前是最大的房間，里面裝滿了槍支、玩偶和舊衣服之類的東西。

　　2．Have you ever considered how weak humans are compared_with/to a volcano, hurricane or earthquake？(compare)

　　你曾想到過嗎，與火山、颶風(fēng)或地震相比，人類是多么的渺小？

　　3．Jason is often educated by his parents to be friendly to others even if (he_is)_treated_unfairly.(treat)

　　Jason 的父母經(jīng)常教育他對(duì)人要友善，即使是受到了不公正對(duì)待。

　　4．It was the farmer as well as his two sons who/that_was_suspected_of_stealing the precious stone from the ancient tomb.(suspect)

　　正是那個(gè)農(nóng)民及他的兩個(gè)兒子被懷疑偷盜了那座古墓中的寶石。

　　1.conclude vt.& vi.結(jié)束；推斷出

　　(1)conclude 　根據(jù)某事推斷出……

　　conclude sth.

　　以……結(jié)束

　　(2)conclusion n.

　　結(jié)論

　　arrive at/come to/reach/draw a conclusion

　　(the conclusion that ...)

　　得出結(jié)論

　　in conclusion

　　總而言之

　　jump/leap to conclusions

　　匆忙下結(jié)論

　　He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.

　　他從他們的話語中推斷出他們不贊同此項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。

　　②In conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water resources.(福建書面表達(dá))

　　總之，全世界的人們都應(yīng)該意識(shí)到水資源的真實(shí)現(xiàn)狀。

　　【聯(lián)想發(fā)散】表示“總而言之”的其他表達(dá)：

　　in_short,_in_brief,_in_a_word,_all_in_all,_to_sum_up,_briefly_(speaking),_on_the_whole,_in_a_nutshell等。

　　【對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)】

　　一句多譯

　　他們得出結(jié)論：它是不明飛行物。

　　①They_concluded_that it was a UFO.(conclude)

　　②They_reached/drew_the_conclusion that it was a UFO.(conclusion)

　　③The conclusion they_arrived_at/came_to/drew was that it was a UFO.

　　【真題印證】

　　④(2024·浙江高考)When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to ________ it with important points.

　　A．concludeB．lead

　　C．a(chǎn)void

　　D．hold

　　解析：選A　考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)小組討論即將結(jié)束的時(shí)候，要確保以要點(diǎn)來總結(jié)討論內(nèi)容。conclude“得出結(jié)論，做出總結(jié)”，符合句意。lead“帶路”；avoid“避免”；hold“容納”。

　　2.attend vt.出席；參加；照顧；護(hù)理；注意

　　vi.專心；留意

　　attend a meeting/a lecture/a wedding/school/church/an interview參加會(huì)議/聽演講/參加婚禮/上學(xué)/做禮拜/參加面試

　　attend on/upon sb.

　　伺候某人；照顧某人

　　attend to

　　處理；傾聽；專心于；照料

　　①One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview.(2024·山東閱讀A)

　　一天，他積攢了所有的勇氣，決定去參加一個(gè)招聘面試。

　　②That holiday morning I didn't have to attend school.(2024·江西完形)

　　那個(gè)假期的早晨，我不必去上學(xué)。

　　【對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)】

　　用attend的相關(guān)短語完成下列句子

　　①她伺候生病的婆婆三十多年，受到人們的稱贊。

　　She was praised for having attended_on/upon her sick mother-in-law for over thirty years.

　　②今晚我不能與你一起外出，因?yàn)槲矣幸患笔乱幚怼?/p>

　　I can't go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to attend_to.

　　3.expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面臨

　　(1)expose ... to ... 使顯露；暴露

　　(2)exposed adj.

　　暴露的；暴露于風(fēng)雨中的；無掩蔽的

　　be exposed to ...

　　暴露于……

　　We want to expose the kids to art and culture as much as possible.

　　我們想讓孩子們盡可能多地受到藝術(shù)和文化的熏陶。

　　②However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices.(2024·陜西閱讀C)

　　然而，意識(shí)到這些危險(xiǎn)是很重要的，因?yàn)椴还苣氵x擇什么樣的生活方式，每個(gè)人都處于空氣污染之中。

　　【關(guān)鍵一點(diǎn)】　expose ... to ... 結(jié)構(gòu)中的to為介詞，其后需用名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語；expose后若無賓語，則常常使用它的被動(dòng)形式。

　　Take care not to keep your children exposed to the bad books, net and magazines.

　　當(dāng)心不要讓孩子接觸不良書籍、網(wǎng)絡(luò)和雜志。

　　【輕松識(shí)記】

　　【對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)】

　　Ⅰ.完成句子

　　①Take care not to keep_your_children_exposed_to the bad books and magazines.(expose)

　　當(dāng)心不要讓孩子接觸不良書籍和雜志。

　　②Being_exposed_to sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin.(expose)

　　暴露在陽光下太久對(duì)皮膚有傷害。

　　Ⅱ.句式升級(jí)

　　③If_exposed_to_sunlight_for_too_much_time,_you_will_get_sun-_burnt.(用省略句改寫練習(xí)②)

　　4.cure n．治愈；痊愈 vt.治愈；治療

　　①M(fèi)edical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure.(2024·江蘇閱讀C)

　　藥物有時(shí)是“致病”而非“治病”。

　　(1)a cure for ... 治療……病的方法

　　(2)cure sb. of sth.

　　治好/矯正某人的……

　　②The book is an easy-to-read collection of poems originally written to be a cure for chronic depression.(2024·陜西閱讀A改編)

　　本書是一部通俗易懂的詩集，最初的目的是用來治療慢性抑郁癥。

　　③The song cured her of her broken heart.

　　這首歌曲讓她那顆已經(jīng)傷透的心好起來。

　　【聯(lián)想發(fā)散】常見“動(dòng)詞＋sb. of sth.”短語還有：

　　①accuse sb.of sth.指控某人某事

　　②inform sb.of sth.

　　通知某人某事

　　③cheat sb.of sth.

　　欺騙某人的某物

　　④suspect sb.of (doing) sth.

　　懷疑某人(做過)某事

　　⑤remind sb.of sth.

　　使某人想起某事；

　　提醒某人某事

　　⑥r(nóng)ob sb.of sth.

　　搶某人的某物

　　⑦warn sb.of sth.

　　警告某人某事

　　⑧persuade/convince sb.of sth.

　　使某人相信某事

　　【個(gè)性比較】　cure, treat

　　cure “治療，治愈”。多用于藥物治療，并治愈某種疾病或改正不良習(xí)慣。常用于cure sb.of sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中

　　treat 指治療病人的全過程或活動(dòng)，并不涉及“治愈”這個(gè)結(jié)果。常用于treat sb.for sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中

　　【對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)】

　　選詞填空(cure/treat)

　　①The doctor treated her for her heart attack with a new medicine, but didn't cure her of the disease.

　　②This will cure him of his bad habit.

　　5.absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使專心；并入；吞并

　　Fransois Englert and Peter Higgs, the Nobel Prize winners in Physics in 2024 have absorbed many experts' attention.

　　兩位2024年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主佛朗索瓦·恩格勒和彼得·希格斯引起了許多專家的注意。

　　②Look, the three astronauts absorb themselves in the experiment in Tiangong-1.

　　看，這三位航天員正在天宮一號(hào)里專心做實(shí)驗(yàn)。

　　【輕松識(shí)記】

　　【對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)】

　　Ⅰ.完成句子

　　①With the development of science and technology, the surrounding villages have_been_absorbed by the growing city.(absorb)

　　隨著科技的發(fā)展，附近的村莊已被快速發(fā)展的城市吞并了。

　　②It was his attractive voice that_absorbed_many_experts'_attention.(absorb)

　　正是他有吸引力的聲音吸引了許多專家的注意。

　　Ⅱ.一句多譯

　　③湯姆專心于工作，忘記通知她這件事。

　　③－1 Tom was_so_absorbed_in his work that he forgot to inform her of it.

　　③－2Absorbed_in his work, he forgot to inform her of it.

　　6.blame vt.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；把……歸咎于 n．過失；責(zé)備

　　　①Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place.

　　(2024·江蘇書面表達(dá))

　　我們應(yīng)該多交流，換位思考而不是相互責(zé)怪。

　　(1)blame sb. for sth.　因某事而責(zé)備某人

　　blame sth. on sb.

　　把某事怪到某人頭上

　　be to blame

　　應(yīng)受責(zé)備；應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任(常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義)

　　(2)get/accept/bear/take the blame for ... 對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)

　　lay/put the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事歸咎于某人身上

　　②In terms of this severe traffic accident, the police had figured out the cause of the case and it was the driver of lorry that should be to blame.

　　針對(duì)這起嚴(yán)重的交通事故，警方已經(jīng)查明事情的起因，是那位卡車司機(jī)應(yīng)為此事負(fù)責(zé)。

　　③I am ready to take the blame for the mistake.

　　我準(zhǔn)備承擔(dān)這一錯(cuò)誤的責(zé)任。

　　【對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)】

　　完成句子

　　①Jeremy rather than his friends_is_to_blame_for the accident.He shouldn't have driven after being drunk.(blame)

　　是杰里米而不是他的朋友們應(yīng)對(duì)這次事故負(fù)責(zé)。他本不該酒后駕車。