必修五 Unit 1　Great scientists

　　晨背三部曲（話題：興趣與愛好）

　　滿分佳作

　　(2024·江西高考)某英文報社舉辦以“I Like Reading”為主題的征文活動， 你打算投稿。 請根據以下要點寫一篇短文：

　　1．你為什么喜歡讀書；

　　2．你喜歡哪一類的書(例如：歷史、科學、文學等)？請給出至少兩個理由。

　　I Like Reading

　　Reading is my favorite hobby. I can never stop the love for reading because books are like ①wise teachers as well as good friends in my life. As we all know, boo` are the source of knowledge. I benefit a great deal from reading.

　　There are a variety of books for us to choose from, like history books, science books, literary books and so on. But ②what interests me most is literary books, especially those by famous writers. For one thing, they help to improve my writing skills and broaden my horizons. For another, they can enrich my life and provide me with great fun. Isn't it a pleasure to have great calm in mind while you are reading?

　　熱身體驗

　　句式仿寫

　　1．I can never stop the love for reading because books are like wise teachers as well as good friends

　　in my life.

　　→She shares (in) my_troubles_as_well_as_my_joys (同甘共苦)．

　　2．But

　　what interests me most

　　is literary books, especially those by famous writers.

　　→What_you_said_just_now (你剛才所說的) is very important.

　　Ⅰ.詞海拾貝

　　基礎記憶

　　1．analyse vt.　分析

　　2．defeat vt.

　　打敗；戰勝；使受挫n.

　　失敗

　　3．attend vt.

　　照顧；護理；出席；參加

　　4．cure n.

　　治愈；痊愈vt.

　　治愈；治療

　　5．challenge n.

　　挑戰 vt.

　　向……挑戰

　　6．suspect vt.

　　認為；懷疑

　　n.

　　被懷疑者；嫌疑犯

　　7．blame vt.

　　責備；譴責n.

　　過失；責備

　　8．handle n.

　　柄；把手vt.

　　處理；操縱

　　9．link vt.& n.

　　連接；聯系

　　10．conclude vt.& vi.結束；推斷出→conclusion n．結論；結束

　　11．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光→exposed adj.無遮蔽的；無保護的；風險高的

　　12．pollute vt.污染；弄臟→pollution n．污染

　　13．announce vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．通知；宣告→announcer n．播音員；廣播員

　　14．construct vt.建設；修建→construction n．建設；建筑物

　　15．contribute vt.& vi.捐獻；貢獻；捐助→contribution n．捐獻；貢獻；捐助

　　16．reject vt.拒絕；不接受；拋棄→rejection n．拒絕；拋棄

　　語境記憶

　　17．It was concluded that he didn't tell us the truth.I came to the conclusion that he was lying.(conclude)

　　18．The workers are constructing the bridge damaged by the flood, and the bridge under construction connects the road with the town.(construct)

　　19．The famous star has contributed a lot of money to the school and has made a great contribution to the building of the school.(contribute)

　　20．The announcer made an announcement that all the details should be announced through the broadcast.(announce)

　　篇章記憶

　　When the construction came to the stage of painting, some workers were defeated by a severe disease.An expert was called in to handle this case.He was enthusiastic, but he didn't foresee that it was a hard challenge.After simple enquiry, he announced that the paint was to blame.But without positive evidence, people suspected and rejected his view.He absorbed himself to the case, and analysed the data cautiously.Finally, he proved he was right.

　　Ⅱ.短語互譯

　　1.提出

　　put_forward

　　2．得出結論

　　draw_a_conclusion

　　3．使顯露；暴露

　　expose_..._to

　　4．講得通；有意義

　　make_sense

　　5．面對挑戰

　　face_a_challenge

　　6．link ... to ...

　　將……和……聯系或連接起來

　　7．apart from

　　除……之外；此外

　　8．(be) strict with ...

　　對……嚴格的

　　9．be to blame

　　應受譴責

　　10．lead to

　　導致

　　Ⅲ.句型一覽

　　1.neither ... nor ... 既不……也不……

　　Neither its cause nor (既不……也不……) its cure was understood.

　　2．every time引導的時間狀語從句

　　So many thousands of terrified people died every_time_there_was_an_outbreak (每次爆發時)．

　　3．“only＋狀語從句”置于句首，主句使用部分倒裝

　　Only_if_you_put_the_sun_there (只有把太陽放在那里) did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.

　　Ⅳ.語法自測——過去分詞作定語或表語完成句子

　　1．Before us lies the biggest room, filled_with_things like guns, dolls and old clothes.(fill)

　　我們面前是最大的房間，里面裝滿了槍支、玩偶和舊衣服之類的東西。

　　2．Have you ever considered how weak humans are compared_with/to a volcano, hurricane or earthquake？(compare)

　　你曾想到過嗎，與火山、颶風或地震相比，人類是多么的渺小？

　　3．Jason is often educated by his parents to be friendly to others even if (he_is)_treated_unfairly.(treat)

　　Jason 的父母經常教育他對人要友善，即使是受到了不公正對待。

　　4．It was the farmer as well as his two sons who/that_was_suspected_of_stealing the precious stone from the ancient tomb.(suspect)

　　正是那個農民及他的兩個兒子被懷疑偷盜了那座古墓中的寶石。

　　1.conclude vt.& vi.結束；推斷出

　　(1)conclude 　根據某事推斷出……

　　conclude sth.

　　以……結束

　　(2)conclusion n.

　　結論

　　arrive at/come to/reach/draw a conclusion

　　(the conclusion that ...)

　　得出結論

　　in conclusion

　　總而言之

　　jump/leap to conclusions

　　匆忙下結論

　　He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.

　　他從他們的話語中推斷出他們不贊同此項計劃。

　　②In conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water resources.(福建書面表達)

　　總之，全世界的人們都應該意識到水資源的真實現狀。

　　【聯想發散】表示“總而言之”的其他表達：

　　in_short,_in_brief,_in_a_word,_all_in_all,_to_sum_up,_briefly_(speaking),_on_the_whole,_in_a_nutshell等。

　　【對點練習】

　　一句多譯

　　他們得出結論：它是不明飛行物。

　　①They_concluded_that it was a UFO.(conclude)

　　②They_reached/drew_the_conclusion that it was a UFO.(conclusion)

　　③The conclusion they_arrived_at/came_to/drew was that it was a UFO.

　　【真題印證】

　　④(2024·浙江高考)When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to ________ it with important points.

　　A．concludeB．lead

　　C．avoid

　　D．hold

　　解析：選A　考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當小組討論即將結束的時候，要確保以要點來總結討論內容。conclude“得出結論，做出總結”，符合句意。lead“帶路”；avoid“避免”；hold“容納”。

　　2.attend vt.出席；參加；照顧；護理；注意

　　vi.專心；留意

　　attend a meeting/a lecture/a wedding/school/church/an interview參加會議/聽演講/參加婚禮/上學/做禮拜/參加面試

　　attend on/upon sb.

　　伺候某人；照顧某人

　　attend to

　　處理；傾聽；專心于；照料

　　①One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview.(2024·山東閱讀A)

　　一天，他積攢了所有的勇氣，決定去參加一個招聘面試。

　　②That holiday morning I didn't have to attend school.(2024·江西完形)

　　那個假期的早晨，我不必去上學。

　　【對點練習】

　　用attend的相關短語完成下列句子

　　①她伺候生病的婆婆三十多年，受到人們的稱贊。

　　She was praised for having attended_on/upon her sick mother-in-law for over thirty years.

　　②今晚我不能與你一起外出，因為我有一件急事要處理。

　　I can't go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to attend_to.

　　3.expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面臨

　　(1)expose ... to ... 使顯露；暴露

　　(2)exposed adj.

　　暴露的；暴露于風雨中的；無掩蔽的

　　be exposed to ...

　　暴露于……

　　We want to expose the kids to art and culture as much as possible.

　　我們想讓孩子們盡可能多地受到藝術和文化的熏陶。

　　②However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices.(2024·陜西閱讀C)

　　然而，意識到這些危險是很重要的，因為不管你選擇什么樣的生活方式，每個人都處于空氣污染之中。

　　【關鍵一點】　expose ... to ... 結構中的to為介詞，其后需用名詞、代詞、動詞-ing形式作賓語；expose后若無賓語，則常常使用它的被動形式。

　　Take care not to keep your children exposed to the bad books, net and magazines.

　　當心不要讓孩子接觸不良書籍、網絡和雜志。

　　【輕松識記】

　　【對點練習】

　　Ⅰ.完成句子

　　①Take care not to keep_your_children_exposed_to the bad books and magazines.(expose)

　　當心不要讓孩子接觸不良書籍和雜志。

　　②Being_exposed_to sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin.(expose)

　　暴露在陽光下太久對皮膚有傷害。

　　Ⅱ.句式升級

　　③If_exposed_to_sunlight_for_too_much_time,_you_will_get_sun-_burnt.(用省略句改寫練習②)

　　4.cure n．治愈；痊愈 vt.治愈；治療

　　①Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure.(2024·江蘇閱讀C)

　　藥物有時是“致病”而非“治病”。

　　(1)a cure for ... 治療……病的方法

　　(2)cure sb. of sth.

　　治好/矯正某人的……

　　②The book is an easy-to-read collection of poems originally written to be a cure for chronic depression.(2024·陜西閱讀A改編)

　　本書是一部通俗易懂的詩集，最初的目的是用來治療慢性抑郁癥。

　　③The song cured her of her broken heart.

　　這首歌曲讓她那顆已經傷透的心好起來。

　　【聯想發散】常見“動詞＋sb. of sth.”短語還有：

　　①accuse sb.of sth.指控某人某事

　　②inform sb.of sth.

　　通知某人某事

　　③cheat sb.of sth.

　　欺騙某人的某物

　　④suspect sb.of (doing) sth.

　　懷疑某人(做過)某事

　　⑤remind sb.of sth.

　　使某人想起某事；

　　提醒某人某事

　　⑥rob sb.of sth.

　　搶某人的某物

　　⑦warn sb.of sth.

　　警告某人某事

　　⑧persuade/convince sb.of sth.

　　使某人相信某事

　　【個性比較】　cure, treat

　　cure “治療，治愈”。多用于藥物治療，并治愈某種疾病或改正不良習慣。常用于cure sb.of sth.結構中

　　treat 指治療病人的全過程或活動，并不涉及“治愈”這個結果。常用于treat sb.for sth.結構中

　　【對點練習】

　　選詞填空(cure/treat)

　　①The doctor treated her for her heart attack with a new medicine, but didn't cure her of the disease.

　　②This will cure him of his bad habit.

　　5.absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使專心；并入；吞并

　　Fransois Englert and Peter Higgs, the Nobel Prize winners in Physics in 2024 have absorbed many experts' attention.

　　兩位2024年諾貝爾物理學獎得主佛朗索瓦·恩格勒和彼得·希格斯引起了許多專家的注意。

　　②Look, the three astronauts absorb themselves in the experiment in Tiangong-1.

　　看，這三位航天員正在天宮一號里專心做實驗。

　　【輕松識記】

　　【對點練習】

　　Ⅰ.完成句子

　　①With the development of science and technology, the surrounding villages have_been_absorbed by the growing city.(absorb)

　　隨著科技的發展，附近的村莊已被快速發展的城市吞并了。

　　②It was his attractive voice that_absorbed_many_experts'_attention.(absorb)

　　正是他有吸引力的聲音吸引了許多專家的注意。

　　Ⅱ.一句多譯

　　③湯姆專心于工作，忘記通知她這件事。

　　③－1 Tom was_so_absorbed_in his work that he forgot to inform her of it.

　　③－2Absorbed_in his work, he forgot to inform her of it.

　　6.blame vt.責備；譴責；把……歸咎于 n．過失；責備

　　　①Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place.

　　(2024·江蘇書面表達)

　　我們應該多交流，換位思考而不是相互責怪。

　　(1)blame sb. for sth.　因某事而責備某人

　　blame sth. on sb.

　　把某事怪到某人頭上

　　be to blame

　　應受責備；應負責任(常用主動形式表示被動意義)

　　(2)get/accept/bear/take the blame for ... 對……負責

　　lay/put the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事歸咎于某人身上

　　②In terms of this severe traffic accident, the police had figured out the cause of the case and it was the driver of lorry that should be to blame.

　　針對這起嚴重的交通事故，警方已經查明事情的起因，是那位卡車司機應為此事負責。

　　③I am ready to take the blame for the mistake.

　　我準備承擔這一錯誤的責任。

　　【對點練習】

　　完成句子

　　①Jeremy rather than his friends_is_to_blame_for the accident.He shouldn't have driven after being drunk.(blame)

　　是杰里米而不是他的朋友們應對這次事故負責。他本不該酒后駕車。