(1)在句中that引導同位語從句， 對被修飾詞news進行解釋說明， that僅起連接的作用， 無意義， 但不能省略。 (2)常見的后接同位語從句的抽象名詞有： fact, news, hope, idea, doubt, thought，belief等。 【句型剖析】

　　(3)在suggestion, advice, request, order等意為“建議、要求、命令”的詞后， 同位語從句的謂語動詞通常為： should＋do, should可以省略。 When hearing the news that our team had won the match, we couldn't help jumping. 聽到我們隊獲勝的消息，我們都禁不住跳起來。 I adopted his advice that I should go over my lessons from time to time. 我采納了他的建議：我應該不時地復習我的功課。 【易錯點津】 that引導的定語從句與同位語從句的區別： (1)同位語從句中的that僅起連接的作用， 無意義， 但不能省略。 (2)定語從句中的that一方面起引導從句的作用， 另一方面在定語從句中充當主語、賓語、表語。 【即時鞏固】 語法填空 ①She was struck by the sudden thought __________he might already have left. ②I have some doubt _________he will object to my suggestion _________we should forbid smoking in the office. ③I hold a firm belief _________the idea __________sounds ridiculous is practical. 【答案】①that　②whether; that?、踭hat; that/which 2．The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die… 其優點是如果發生了某種新的疾病，這類動物中的一些可能會死掉…… 句型提煉： The advantage is that…其優點是…… 句中that引導的表語從句，that不能省略。常用的類似句型還有： The disadvantage is that…　劣勢是…… The problem is that…　問題是…… The drawback is that…　缺點是…… The chance is that…　有可能…… 【句型剖析】

　　The drawback of the popularity of cars is that it results in so much air pollution. 汽車普及的缺點是它帶來了嚴重的空氣污染。 【即時鞏固】 完成句子 ①這種方法的優點是我們可以節省大量的時間。 The advantage of this approach is ________ a lot of time. ②你可能不用付飯錢。 The chance is _____________ your meal. ③問題是我們不知道他為什么沮喪。 The problem is_______ why he casts down.

　　【答案】①that we can save ②that you won't have to pay for ③that we have no idea/don't know

　　3．object vi.反對；不贊成 n．物體；目標 【考點激活】 ①It's reported that the majority of the citizens object to __________for parking. 據報道大部分市民反對收停車費。 (1)object to sb./sth.　反對/不贊成某人/某事 object to doing sth.　反對做某事 (2)objection　n. 反對；厭惡 raise an objection to sth.　對……提出異議 have/make an/no objection to (doing) sth.　對……表示反對/不反對 【知識建構】

　　(3)object　n．物體；對象[C]n.目的；宗旨[C] (4)objective　n．目標； 目的 adj.客觀的； 不帶偏見的 The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. 你能看到周圍的東西是因為它們與光線相互作用。(2024北京) I have no objection to him undertaking the task. 我不反對他承擔這項任務。

　　【舉一反三】 表反對的其他表達：oppose/be opposed to/be against。 【即時鞏固】 語法填空 ②They object ___________the proposal while we approve of it. ③We object to____________ (blame) for something that we haven't done. ④The plan will be carried out despite strong _________ (object) from the public. 【答案】①being charged　②to　③being blamed

　?、躱bjections 4．forbid vt.(forbade/forbad, forbidden) 禁止；不準 【考點激活】 ①In some Middle Eastern countries, exposing your flesh_________,_especially if you are a woman. 在一些中東國家，暴露皮膚是被禁止的，尤其是婦女。(2024重慶) forbid doing　禁止做某事 forbid sb.sth.　禁止某人某事 forbid sb.to do　禁止某人做某事

　　forbid sb.from doing sth.　禁止某人做某事 forbid that…　禁止……(從句用“should＋動詞原形”) forbidden area　禁區 the Forbidden City　故宮 【知識建構】

　　Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you. 請注意食品和水果禁止帶入圖書館，但是允許你帶入飲料和甜點。(2024天津) I forbid you using my tape recorder. 我不許你用我的錄音機。

　　【舉一反三】 forbid后不能直接跟動詞不定式作賓語，但可直接跟動名詞作賓語，也可用forbid sb.to do sth.形式，有類似用法的單詞還有：allow, permit, advise等。 【即時鞏固】 完成句子 ②This is a __________________(禁區)．No one is permitted ______________(進入)． ③The government _________________(已經禁止吸煙) in the public places.

　　④I had no idea why my mother___________ (禁止我游覽故宮)． 【答案】①is forbidden　②forbidden area; to come in

　　③has forbidden smoking　 ④forbade me to visit the Forbidden City 5．owe vt.欠(賬、錢、人情等)；歸功于……；應感謝

　　【考點激活】 ①Looking back, Diana, a fashion(時裝) designer, owes her achievements _______ the goal she set, the education she received from the college, and above all the efforts she made. 回首過去，作為時裝設計師的戴安娜將她的成功歸因于她設定的目標，在大學里接受的教育，最重要的是她自身的努力。

　　(1)owe…to…　把……歸功于…… owe it to sb.that…　多虧某人幫忙 (2)owe sb.an apology　該向某人道歉 owe sb.a favour　欠某人一個人情 owe sb.sth.＝owe sth.to sb.　欠某人某物 (3)owing to　因為；由于 【知識建構】

　　As far as I'm concerned, I owe him an apology. 我認為我得向他道歉。 Owing to the rain, they could not come. 由于下雨，他們不能來了。 【即時鞏固】 語法填空 ②He owes his success______ hard work and practice. ③I owe ________to you that I accomplished my work as planned. ④ ___________(owe) to engine trouble, the plane had to make a forced landing. 【答案】①to?、趖o?、踚t?、躉wing 6．strike vi.& vt.打；撞擊；罷工；襲擊；報時；劃(火柴)n.罷工 【考點激活】 ①I still love to record ideas and quotations that________________ me in books. 我依舊喜歡記錄那些在書里打動我的思想和引言。(2024湖北) be struck with(by)　為……所侵襲；為……所觸動(感動) It strikes sb.that…　某人突然意識到……/……使某人震驚 strike a match　劃火柴 strike…into one's heart　使……刻骨銘心 be on strike　在罷工 go on strike　舉行罷工 【知識建構】

　　Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 最后，當你的意識已經慢慢轉移的時候，你不知道一個完美的主意可能產生了。(2024北京) An idea suddenly struck me last night. 昨晚我突然有了一個主意。 Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。 【即時鞏固】 完成句子 ②當鐘敲響了五點，他們開始罷工。 When the clock _____________， they set out ________________.

　?、畚彝蝗灰庾R到這個男孩已被這篇文章所觸動。 It _________ that the boy ___________ by the article. 【答案】①strike?、趕truck five; to go on strike?、踫truck me; had been struck 1．pay off 得到好結果；取得成功；償清 【考點激活】 ①Finally, that hard work paid __________ and now the water in the river is cleaner than ever. 最終，他們的努力工作獲得了成功。現在河中的水比以前干凈多了。(2024課標Ⅰ) pay (sb.) for…　支付(給某人)……的費用 pay back　報復；報答；償還；償付 pay attention to…　注意…… pay a visit to…　拜訪；參觀 【知識建構】

　　He managed to pay off Sparrow's debts. 他竭盡全力地償還了斯帕羅的債務。(2024山東)

　　He undertook to pay back as soon as possible. 他答應盡快還錢。 【即時鞏固】 用pay短語的適當形式填空 ②Some day I'll ______you ______for your objections to my plan. ③It was because of their hard work that they _________________ their debt after ten years.

　?、蹷ut I will never forget what the experience has really taught me.Sacrifices __________in the end.(2024天津) 【答案】①off?、趐ay; back　③paid off　④pay off

　　2．in vain 白費力氣；枉費心機 【考點激活】

　　①It became apparent that all her complaints were ________ vain. 很明顯她所有的抱怨都是白費口舌。 “in＋名詞”類介詞短語： in danger　處于危險中 in trouble　在麻煩中 in time　及時 in need　需要 in advance　提前 in charge (of)　主管 in possession of　擁有 【知識建構】

　　in debt　負債 in order　井然有序 in fact/reality/effect　事實上 in practice　在實踐中；實際上 in return　作為報答 in place　在適當的位置；恰當的

　　His reply is in effect an apology. 他的答復事實上是一種道歉。 All the arrangements are now in place for their visit. 他們來訪的一切都安排就緒了。 【即時鞏固】

　　用含有in的短語填空 Five years ago, Tom lost his job and he was ②_____.But he was ③ ______a big house.All the things in it were ④_____， making the house very neat.He was warm-hearted and ready to help those ⑤_____.He often said efforts would never be ⑥_____. 【答案】①in?、趇n debt　③in possession of?、躨n order/place?、輎n trouble?、辤n vain 1．Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 接著傳來了多莉病重的壞消息。 句型提煉： news的同位語從句 Unit 2　Cloning 話題·現代技術 (2024浙江名校聯盟期中聯考) 科技發展給人們帶來便利的同時也引發了很多困擾：人際間的溝通困難、生存環境惡化、疾病蔓延……面對這些問題，我們將何去何從？根據你的體會，結合具體事例，談談自己的看法和建議。

　　【晨背范文】 As we all know, the development of science brings great convenience to us.Meanwhile, it also contributes to various problems, such as lack of heart-to-heart communication, polluted air and water, the spread of some diseases. Personally, it is human beings that are to blame.If we wish to leave our next generations a still beautiful world, we have to take action instantly.Stop destroying the earth by cutting down trees and turning green land into concrete.Stop pouring waste into rivers and oceans to protect the water source.What's the most important is to educate the public and carry out the laws firmly.Hope our combined efforts will pay off one day. ★話題詞匯 1．electronic　adj.電子的 2．nanometer　n．納米 3．software　n．軟件 4．have a good effect on　對……有好的影響 5．surf the Internet　上網 6．long-distance educational system　遠程教育系統 ★話題佳句 1．Computer technology has come a long way since the 1970s. 自20世紀70年代以來，電腦技術有了很大的發展。 2．In recent years, with the development of science and technology, the earth is faced with a variety of environmental problems. 近幾年，隨著科技的發展，地球面臨著各種各樣的環境問題。

　　3．The new technology has been widely adopted, improving the output a great deal. 這項新工藝得到了廣泛的應用，大大提高了產量。 Ⅰ.單詞速憶 1．___________ vt.獲得； 贏得 2．___________ adv.總共； 完全地 3．___________ vt.&vi.積累； 聚積 4．___________vt.扔；投；擲 5．___________ vt.打擾vi.操心n.煩擾 6．___________ vi.退休；離開 obtain

　　altogether

　　accumulate

　　cast

　　bother

　　retire

　　7．___________ vt.&vi.打；撞擊；罷工n.罷工 8．_____________ n．突破 9．___________n．缺點； 不利條件 10．___________adj.虛榮的； 自負的； 徒勞的 11．________________ adj.簡單的； 直接的； 坦率的 strike

　　breakthrough

　　drawback

　　vain

　　straightforward

　　12．___________vi.不同；相異→___________ adj.不同的→___________n．不同；差異 13．___________ vi.反對；不贊成→___________ n．不贊成；反對；異議 14．______________ vt.& vi.積累；聚積→________________ n．積累；聚積 15．___________ n．規則；規章；法規→___________ adj.有秩序的；正規的 differ

　　different

　　difference

　　object

　　objection

　　accumulate

　　accumulation

　　regulation

　　regular

　　16．___________n．假定；設想→___________vt.假定；設想 17．___________ adj.精確的；準確的→___________ adv.準確地 18．___________ adj.合情理的；講道理的；公道的→___________ n．理由；道理 19．___________ adv.僅；只；不過→_______ adj.僅僅的 20．___________ adv.立刻；不久→___________ adj.(時間等)短的；近的 assumption

　　assume

　　exact

　　exactly

　　reasonable

　　reason merely

　　mere

　　shortly

　　short

　?、?短語快譯

　　1．__________________ 得到好結果；取得成功；償清 2．__________________ 反對 3．__________________ 使復生；使復活 4．__________________ 一定或注定(做)…… 5．__________________ 沮喪；不愉快 pay off

　　object to

　　bring back to life

　　(be) bound to (do)

　　cast down

　　6．____________________ 使……刻骨銘心 7．__________________ 贊成；支持 8．__________ 白費力氣；枉費心機 9．__________________ 不時；偶爾 10．______________________狀況很好/壞；情況很好/壞 strike…into one's heart

　　in favour of

　　in vain

　　from time to time

　　in good/poor condition

　?、?句式仿寫 1．Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.(that引導的同位語從句) 仿寫：消息傳來， 中國科學家屠呦呦獲得了諾貝爾醫學獎。 Word came ____________________ the Nobel Prize for Medicine. 【答案】that the Chinese scientist Tu Youyou had won 2．However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.(whether引導的賓語從句) 仿寫：我不知道我父親退休后是否會參加這個合唱隊。 I don't know _________________ the chorus after retiring. 【答案】whether my father will join 3．The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.(The advantage is that…優點/優勢是……) 仿寫：騎自行車上班的優勢是我們可以減輕空氣污染，過一種低碳生活。 ___________ we can reduce air pollution and live a low-carbon life. 【答案】The advantage of cycling to work is that 4．What do you think is the writer's point of view in this reading passage? (疑問詞＋插入語＋其他部分) 仿寫：這些科學發現中，你認為哪一項是重大突破？

　　_____________________________ a great breakthrough of the scientific discoveries?

　　【答案】Which one do you think is Ⅳ.單元語法 同位語從句 用適當的關系詞填空 1．There is no doubt ______ this success is breakthrough. 2．The news surprised me __________ the young man has overcome all the drawbacks. 3．I have no idea __________ the chorus will come to China to perform next week.

　　4．The fact __________ she objects to the plan annoys her husband. 5．I hold the belief __________ my efforts will pay off some day. 【答案】1.that　2.that　3.whether　4.that　5.that Ⅴ.教材活用 根據課文內容，在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式 Cloning is a way of 1.________(make) an exact copy of another animal or plant.It has two major uses.One is 2.________ gardeners use it to produce commercial quantities of plants.The other is that it is 3.________(value)for research on new species and for medical research on animals.4.________， the process of cloning is difficult _5.________(undertake)． Many attempts to clone mammals failed.The first successful clone, Dolly the sheep, made the whole 6.________ (science) world follow its process, though it had 7.________(much)problems than the normal sheep.On the other hand, Dolly's appearance raised a storm of 8.________(object) and had a great impact 9.________ the media and public imagination.Different people have different opinions on it.However, scientists still wonder whether cloning 10.________ (help) or harm us and where it is leading us.

　　【答案】1.making　2.that　3.valuable　4.However 5．to undertake　6.scientific　7.more　8.objections　9.on 10．will help 1．differ vi.不同；相異

　　【考點激活】 ①The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even __________between rural(農村的)and urban areas within one country.

　　我們吃的食物，吃食物的時間和方式對于某種特定的文化而言都是獨一無二的，甚至在同一個國家之內在農村和城市地區也是不同的。(2024安徽)

　　(1)A differs from B in …　A與B在……方面不同 (2) different　adj. 不同的；差異的；各式各樣的 be different from…　與……不同 (3) difference　n. 差別；差異；分歧；爭執 tell the difference between A and B　區分A與B之間的差異 make a/no/some difference to sb./sth. 對……要緊/不要緊/有些要緊 【知識建構】

　　How do Twain's novels on slavery differ from Stowe's?

　　臺灣有關于奴隸制度的小說與斯托的有何不同？(2024江蘇) —Can you tell the differences between the twins?

　　—Their living styles are quite different from each other and they also differ greatly in hobbies. ——你知道這對雙胞胎的區別嗎？ ——他們的生活方式以及個性愛好也有很大的差異。

　　【即時鞏固】 語法填空 Although we differ ②________ character ③________each other，it does not make much difference ④________our friendship. 【答案】①differ?、趇n?、踗rom?、躷o 2．undertake vt.著手；從事；承擔；保證 【考點激活】 ①To do so, it should help to understand why people _________ volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work. 為了這樣做，它應該幫助理解為什么人們從事志愿者工作，是什么使他們保持對這一工作的興趣。(2024江蘇) undertake sth.　著手/從事/承擔某事 undertake to do sth.　保證/答應做某事 undertake for…　為……負責 undertake that…　保證…… undertake responsibility/a task/a project　承擔責任/任務/工程 【知識建構】