③[寫(xiě)作佳句] The school can’t stand cheating in exams.

　　＝The school can’t bear ________ in exams.

　　＝The school can’t tolerate ________ in exams.

　　學(xué)校絕不容許考試舞弊。 答案　①being treated　②tolerance　③cheating/to cheat；cheating 特別提示：表示“容忍”的表達(dá)還有：stand (sb) doing sth忍受/容忍(某人)做某事；bear (sb) doing/to do sth忍受/容忍(某人)做某事；put up with 忍受；容忍等。

　　[短 語(yǔ) 點(diǎn) 撥] 1.take up 拿起；接受；開(kāi)始；繼續(xù)；占據(jù)；從事

　　[高考例句](2024·四川，書(shū)面表達(dá))For example，playing football and watching TV take up much of my spare time.

　　例如，踢足球和看電視占用了我很多業(yè)余時(shí)間。 take sth back 撤銷；收回(所說(shuō)的話以示道歉) take down 寫(xiě)下；拆除 take in 收留；吸收；欺騙 take off 脫掉；起飛；成名 take on 雇用；呈現(xiàn)；承擔(dān) take over 占據(jù)；接任；接替 寫(xiě)出下列句中take up的含義 ①Are you going to take up the challenge lasting a whole week without arguing? ②Important people don’t often have much free time as their work takes up all their time. ③After he retired from office，Royers took up painting for a while，but soon lost interest. ④She took up the story where Tim had left off. 答案　①接受　②占用　③從事　④繼續(xù)

　　2.lose sight of...看不見(jiàn)……

　　[教材原句]However，I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.

　　可是，當(dāng)我們到達(dá)一個(gè)看上去像大市場(chǎng)的地方時(shí)，由于太多車子朝四面八方飛奔，我看不見(jiàn)王平了。 (1)come into sight 進(jìn)入視野內(nèi)；映入眼簾 catch sight of...望見(jiàn)；看到…… (2)at first sight 乍一看 at the sight of 看到 out of sight 看不到；在視野之外 in/within sight在視野內(nèi)，在視線內(nèi) 單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子 ①Out ________ sight，out of mind.

　　眼不見(jiàn)，心不煩。 ②Finally he ____________ the young man’s light overcoat in the distance.

　　最后他總算在遠(yuǎn)處看見(jiàn)了那個(gè)年輕人穿的淡色外套。 ③[寫(xiě)作佳句]In time of difficulty，we must not ____________ our achievements and we must build up our courage.

　　在遇到困難的時(shí)候，我們一定不能忽視我們的成績(jī)，必須鼓起我們的勇氣。 答案　①of　②caught sight of　③lose sight of

　　3.speed up加速

　　[高考例句](2024·四川，寫(xiě)作)Obviously，a good learning habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.

　　顯而易見(jiàn)，一個(gè)好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣能幫助我們盡快達(dá)到我們的目標(biāo)。 at high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全/最高速 at a speed of...以……的速度 with all speed 盡快地 reduce speed 減速 pick up speed 加速 單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子 ①The police car is running ________ a speed of 100 miles per hour to chase after the truck ahead of it.

　　警車以每小時(shí)100英里的速度追趕前面那輛卡車。 ②They ____________ the production of the new car.

　　他們已經(jīng)加快了新汽車的生產(chǎn)。 答案　①at　②have speeded up

　　[句 式 透 析] 1.[教材原句]Hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached.

　　由于缺少新鮮空氣，我感到頭痛。 (1)過(guò)去分詞或過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式、伴隨等，表示被動(dòng)或完成； (2)過(guò)去分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般與句子主語(yǔ)一致； (3)過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作與句子的主語(yǔ)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子 ①Once ________ (publish)，the dictionary will be very popular.

　　一旦出版，這本詞典將大受歡迎。 ②________ (give) another hour，I can also work out this problem.

　　如果再給我一個(gè)小時(shí)，我也能把這道題算出來(lái)。 ③The old man got on the bus，____________.

　　在一位姑娘的攙扶下，老人上了公共汽車。 答案　①published　②Given　③supported by a girl 特別提示：過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其前面可以帶有相應(yīng)的連詞，如when，though，although，as if，as though，if，unless，until，once等，表時(shí)間、讓步、條件、方式等。

　　2.[教材原句]Exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.

　　我感到累極了，爬上床很快就睡著了。 表示原因或伴隨的形容詞、形容詞短語(yǔ)或形容詞化的分詞作狀語(yǔ)，多放在句首或句末，句子的主語(yǔ)就是其邏輯主語(yǔ)。 單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子 ①For a moment she just stood there，________ (able) to believe what had just happened.

　　她在那兒呆呆地站了一會(huì)兒，簡(jiǎn)直不能相信剛才發(fā)生的事。 ②He spent seven days in the wind and snow，____________.

　　他又冷又餓地在風(fēng)雪中度過(guò)了7天。 ③[寫(xiě)作佳句]____________，he stood up and accepted the prize.

　　既吃驚又高興，他站起來(lái)接受獎(jiǎng)品。 答案　①unable　②cold and hungry　③Surprised and happy

　　3.[教材原句]Inside was an exhibition of the most up-to-date inventions of the 31st century.

　　太空站里展出了31世紀(jì)一些最前沿的發(fā)明。 表示地點(diǎn)的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)位于句首，主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)要用完全倒裝。 單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子 ①At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ________ (lie) Chongqing.

　　重慶位于長(zhǎng)江和嘉陵江的交匯處。 ②In the back of the classroom ____________.

　　在教室的后面坐著一位老人。 答案　①lies　②sits an old man

　　知識(shí)運(yùn)用 知識(shí)梳理 知識(shí)運(yùn)用 知識(shí)梳理 知識(shí)運(yùn)用 知識(shí)梳理 知識(shí)運(yùn)用 知識(shí)梳理 知識(shí)運(yùn)用 知識(shí)梳理 知識(shí)運(yùn)用 知識(shí)梳理 知識(shí)運(yùn)用 知識(shí)梳理 Ⅰ.核心單詞→識(shí)記·思考·運(yùn)用 一、單詞拼寫(xiě) 1.(2024·江蘇，書(shū)面表達(dá))And third，remain _________ (樂(lè)觀的) about your future. 2.(2024·浙江，閱讀B)It’s more that a ________ (缺乏) of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease. 3.This book ________ (指導(dǎo)) us in using English words and idioms. 4.*(2024·陜西，閱讀D)________ (早先的) generations concentrated on getting children to school on time，fed，dressed and ready to learn. 5.He became the first person to cross the ________ (沙漠) on foot.

　　optimistic lack guides

　　Previous desert 二、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.*(2024·江蘇，32)Some schools will have to make __________ (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform. 2.*(2024·陜西，單詞拼寫(xiě))They failed to reach a ________ (settle)，because they disagree too much with each other. 3.*(2024·天津，閱讀表達(dá))We are ________ (constant) wondering and trying to find out what’s over the hill and beyond the horizon. 4.*We didn’t have the picnic because the weather was ________ (certain). 5.*(2024·四川，閱讀表達(dá))Out of breath，I swung open the door and got a blast of cold air that ________ (instant) cooled me off.

　　adjustments settlement constantly uncertain instantly 6.*(2024·湖南，23)Only after talking to two students did I discover that having

　　strong _________ (motivate) is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals. 7.*_________ (cycle) of rubbish costs money and requires special equipment. 8.*The ________ (good) you bought on the Internet will be delivered within ten days. 9.The city of Hangzhou is really an __________ (impress) place.Especially the famous West Lake always leaves quite an _________ (impress) on the visitors.I was strongly __________ (impress) by its beauty the first time I saw it. 10.*I always dream of having a house __________ (surround) by trees and flowers.If we can live in such beautiful __________ (surround)，the __________ (surround) things will have a great effect on our mood.

　　motivation Recycling goods impressive impression impressed surrounded surroundings surrounding 三、開(kāi)心詞場(chǎng) The guide is impressed by the citizens’ optimism about the surroundings and ecology here.The problem of recycling

　　has been settled.Several years ago，some people here were greedily to use the materials though the production was sped up constantly people here had to tolerate the polluted surroundings.

　　【聯(lián)想·積累】 ?“早先，以前”家族 ①former adj.過(guò)去的，在前的，以前的；formerly adv.以前，從前 ②previous adj.先前的，以前的；previously adv.以前，事先 ③one-time adj.一度的，以前的 ④before adv.先前，從前 ⑤ago adv.以前 ⑥ever before以前 ?單復(fù)數(shù)意義不同的名詞集錦 ①good 善行，利益；goods 貨物 ②brain 腦髓；brains 腦力，智慧 ③custom 習(xí)慣，風(fēng)俗；customs 海關(guān)，關(guān)稅 ④instruction 教授；傳授；instructions 用法說(shuō)明；操作指南 ⑤look 臉色，看；looks 容貌 ⑥pain 痛苦；pains 辛苦，努力 ⑦sand 沙子；sands 沙灘 ⑧time 時(shí)間；times 時(shí)代 ?高頻詞鏈條 ①uncertain adj.不確切的；無(wú)把握的→certain adj.確信的；有把握的 ②adjustment n.調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)→adjust vt.調(diào)整；使適應(yīng) ③constant adj.時(shí)常發(fā)生的；連續(xù)不斷的→constantly adv.不斷地 ④instant n.瞬間；片刻 adj.立即的；立刻的→instantly adv.馬上 ⑤settlement n.定居；解決→settle v.定居；解決 ⑥r(nóng)ecycle vt.回收利用→cycle v.循環(huán)，騎自行車 ⑦motivate vt.作為……的動(dòng)機(jī)，激發(fā)，誘發(fā)→motivation n.動(dòng)力，動(dòng)機(jī) ⑧surroundings n.周圍的事物；環(huán)境→surrounding adj.周圍的→surround vt.圍繞

　　Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)→識(shí)記·思考·運(yùn)用 一、補(bǔ)全短語(yǔ) 1.sweep ________打掃；橫掃 2.slide ________ (快捷而悄聲地)移動(dòng)；溜進(jìn) 3.lose sight ________ 看不見(jiàn) 4.*be similar ________...與……相似 5.*be optimistic ________對(duì)……感到樂(lè)觀 6.be back ________ one’s feet (困境后)恢復(fù)；完全復(fù)原 up into

　　of to about on 二、短語(yǔ)填空 1.(2024·陜西，25)Peter will ____________ his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month. 2.Before moving into his new apartment，Peter had it ____________. 3.They are broadening the main road ____________ the flow of traffic. 4.The boy ____________ his bedroom without being seen by his parents.

　　speed up；take up；sweep up；suffer from；slide into；lose sight of；be similar to；be back on one’s feet take up swept up to speed up slid into 5.After his operation，the old man __________________ again. 6.The child ____________ his mother in the supermarket，worried，crying bitterly. 7.*Their house，which ____________ ours，has a bigger garden. 8.Farmers ____________ drought or floods would get more payments. was back on his feet lost sight of is similar to suffering from 【聯(lián)想·積累】 ?“be＋adj.＋about” 必備短語(yǔ)薈萃 ①be certain/sure about 確信 ②be disappointed about 對(duì)……感到失望 ③be nervous about 為……感到不安 ④be particular about 對(duì)……講究 ⑤be serious about 對(duì)……認(rèn)真 ⑥be worried about 為……擔(dān)憂 ?“be＋adj.＋to”必備短語(yǔ)一覽 ①be blind to 對(duì)……視而不見(jiàn) ②be equal to 等于，能勝任 ③be familiar to 為(某人)所熟悉 ④ be harmful to 對(duì)……有害 ⑤be polite to 對(duì)……有禮貌 ⑥be similar to 與……相似 ⑦be friendly to對(duì)……友好 ⑧be rude to對(duì)……無(wú)禮

　　Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式→識(shí)記·思考·運(yùn)用 1.①Well，now there’s a system ______________________________

　　______________________.

　　哦，現(xiàn)在有一套系統(tǒng)，能利用生態(tài)學(xué)原理來(lái)處理掉廢棄物。

　　②This is the house ________________(我住的) two years ago.

　　③We will start at the point ________________(我們停下來(lái)).

　　where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology where I lived where we stopped 2.①Sue ________________ in her bedroom.

　　蘇不敢在她的臥室里睡覺(jué)。

　　②She wanted the money badly，but she ________________(不敢要).

　　③________________(你敢告訴) him the news?

　　dared not sleep dared not ask for it Dare you tell 【聯(lián)想·積累】 where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 (1)where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，where是關(guān)系副詞，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，其前面有表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞，where引導(dǎo)的從句修飾先行詞。 (2)where還可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾抽象地點(diǎn)名詞，如：point，stage，case，situation，condition，position，environment，activity，race，job，scene等。 Ⅳ.單元語(yǔ)法→識(shí)記·思考·運(yùn)用 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ) 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.________ (form) 25 years ago，the club is holding a party for past and present members next month. 2.Prices of daily goods ________ (buy) through the Internet can be lower than store prices. 3.This method，________ (try) in the area near Shanghai，resulted in a market rise in total production. 4.________ (send) to the hospital immediately，the ________ (wound) soldier was saved. 5.We are doing our ________ (write) exercises when he cleans the ________ (fall) leaves.

　　Formed bought tried Sent wounded written fallen 【學(xué)法·點(diǎn)撥】 過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)幾乎是同時(shí)發(fā)生，或是先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。常表示時(shí)間，條件，原因，方式，伴隨，讓步等含義，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。 [單 詞 點(diǎn) 睛] 1.instant adj.立即的，立刻的 n.[C] (一般用單數(shù))瞬間，片刻；某一時(shí)刻

　　[教材原句]You place the metal band over your head，clear your mind，press the sending button，think your message and the next instant it’s sent.

　　你把金屬帶放在頭上，整理思路，按下發(fā)送鍵，集中精神想著你要發(fā)送的信息，片刻功夫信息就發(fā)送出去了。 單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子 ①________ an instant，he took off his coat and jumped into the water to save the boy.

　　他馬上脫掉衣服跳進(jìn)水里去救那個(gè)小孩。 ②Just ________ an instant I thought he was going to refuse.

　　我一時(shí)以為他要拒絕。

　　at that instant 當(dāng)時(shí)，那一刻 for an instant 一會(huì)兒，片刻 in an instant＝instantly 立刻，馬上 the instant＋從句＝instantly＋從句 一……就…… (用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句) ③[寫(xiě)作佳句]The moment I saw him I knew he was the man the police were looking for.

　　＝____________ I saw him I knew he was the man the police were looking for.

　　我一看見(jiàn)他就認(rèn)出他正是警方在尋找的那個(gè)人。 答案　①In　②for　③Instantly/The instant (that) 特別提示：表示“一……就……”的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：the minute，the moment，the second，as soon as，immediately，directly，hardly...when...，no sooner...than...等。

　　2.lack n.& vt.缺乏

　　[教材原句]Hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached.

　　由于缺乏新鮮空氣，我感到頭痛。 (1)a lack of...缺少…… for lack of...因缺少…… have no lack of...不缺乏…… (2)lack (for) sth 缺少某物 (3)lacking adj.短缺的；缺乏的 be lacking in 缺少 單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子 ①Despite his lack ________ experience，he got the job.

　　他雖然經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足，但還是獲得了這份工作。 ②The plants died ________ lack of water.

　　這些植物因缺水而枯死。 ③[寫(xiě)作佳句] The green hand is short of practical experience.

　　＝The green hand ________ practical experience.

　　＝ The green hand ________ practical experience.

　　這個(gè)新手缺乏實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 答案　①of　②for　③is lacking in；lacks (for) 特別提示：lack作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；lack作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后常與介詞for或in連用；lack作名詞時(shí)后常與介詞of連用。

　　3.tolerate vt.容忍；忍受

　　[教材原句]At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.

　　一開(kāi)始新的環(huán)境讓我很難忍受。

　　tolerate (sb) doing sth容忍/忍受(某人)做某事 tolerance n.寬容；寬恕 tolerant adj.寬容的；容忍的 單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子 ①She can’t tolerate ________ (treat) that way.

　　她不能容忍被那樣對(duì)待。 ②(2024·湖南高考)When neighbors want to get along well with each other，they have to show their ________ (tolerate).

　　如果鄰居間想要彼此融洽相處，他們必須展示他們的寬容。