課時知能訓(xùn)練

　?、?完形填空

　　(2024·廣東省深圳調(diào)研)The market for children's products in China will double within the next five years，a report made public at a kids expo in east China's Zhejiang Province has predicted.

　　The market __1__for children's products in China was more than 1 trillion yuan (152 billion U．S.dollars) in 2010 and that

　　__2__is expected to hit 2 trillion yuan by 2024，according to the report.

　　The report owes the __3__ growth of the business to the country's large population，steady consumption and __4__attention to child health and education in recent years.

　　It is __5__that China has a population of about 200 million __6__under the age of 10，the report said.

　　A Chinese family will spend an __7__of 5,000 yuan (758 dollars) per child each year，according to a __8__ by the Hangzhou Association of Industries on Children.This money goes to a variety of companies __9__ child products and __10__ such as baby milk powder，clothing，toys，education and entertainment.

　　According to a report by the China E-commerce Research Center，online purchases of baby milk powder from overseas companies __11__reached 2.4 billion yuan in 2010，__12__ second only to make-ups.Education is another area that has __13__ investors at home and abroad.Twelve Chinese __14__institutions have won financial support from overseas risk capitalists，with __15__ totaling 100 million dollars so far.

　　【語篇解讀】　本文主要講述了中國市場不斷增長的兒童產(chǎn)品的需求，分析了不斷增長的原因；相關(guān)部門的調(diào)查表明，國外品牌的兒童奶粉銷售額僅次于化妝品，因此吸引了大批國內(nèi)外投資商對兒童產(chǎn)品的投資。

　　1．A.request　B．demand

　　C．requirement

　　D．devotion

　　【解析】　考查名詞。表達市場需求量，應(yīng)用demand for...，故選B。

　　【答案】　B

　　2．A.figure

　　B．result

　　C．production

　　D．money

　　【解析】　考查名詞。因為上文提到數(shù)字“1 trillion yuan”，故應(yīng)用figure。

　　【答案】　A

　　3．A.smooth

　　B．small

　　C．rapid

　　D．slow

　　【解析】　考查形容詞。上文提到數(shù)字從1 trillion長到2 trillion，由此可推知增長速度快，故選rapid。

　　【答案】　C

　　4．A.existed

　　B．reduced

　　C．drawn

　　D．increased

　　【解析】　考查形容詞。根據(jù)上文提到的“double，rapid growth，steady”等詞可知，該空應(yīng)用increased。

　　【答案】　D

　　5．A.confirmed

　　B．a(chǎn)dvertised

　　C．a(chǎn)ssessed

　　D．proposed

　　【解析】　考查動詞。根據(jù)下文中的“about 200 million”可推知，此處是估計，不可能是確認。故選C。

　　【答案】　C

　　6．A.children

　　B．a(chǎn)dults

　　C．teenagers

　　D．students

　　【解析】　考查名詞。根據(jù)“under the age of ten”的限定和上文提到的“children's products”可知選A。

　　【答案】　A

　　7．A.offer

　　B．a(chǎn)ccount

　　C．expense

　　D．a(chǎn)verage

　　【解析】　考查名詞。根據(jù)“per child each year”可知應(yīng)選average，而其他選項雖然意思通順，但不符合文意和用詞習(xí)慣。

　　【答案】　D

　　8．A.survey

　　B．record

　　C．document

　　D．finding

　　【解析】　考查名詞。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，此處是一項調(diào)查，因此用“survey”最合適。

　　【答案】　A

　　9．A.making

　　B．sending

　　C．providing

　　D．leading

　　【解析】　考查動詞。provide sb.sth.意為“提供給某人某物”，符合語境，此處是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語。故選C。

　　【答案】　C

　　10．A.prices

　　B．services

　　C．cares

　　D．qualities

　　【解析】　考查名詞。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，應(yīng)為“提供產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)”。故選B。

　　【答案】　B

　　11．A.hopefully

　　B．unexpectedly

　　C．theoretically

　　D．fortunately

　　【解析】　考查副詞。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，增長速度超出預(yù)料。unexpectedly意為“意外地，出人預(yù)料地”，符合語境，故選B。

　　【答案】　B

　　12．A.ranking

　　B．standing

　　C．topping

　　D．keeping

　　【解析】　考查動詞。rank second to sth.意為“排位僅次于……”。句意：國外品牌的兒童奶粉的銷售額僅次于化妝品。故選A。

　　【答案】　A

　　13．A.surprised

　　B．influenced

　　C．shocked

　　D．a(chǎn)ttracted

　　【解析】　考查動詞。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，“迅速的增長”吸引了投資者。故選D。

　　【答案】　D

　　14．A.entertaining

　　B．educational

　　C．training

　　D．cultural

　　【解析】　考查形容詞。根據(jù)文章主旨和上文中的“education”可知應(yīng)選B。

　　【答案】　B

　　15．A.materials

　　B．exports

　　C．investments

　　D．products

　　【解析】　考查名詞。根據(jù)上文的“investors”和下文的數(shù)字可知答案選C。

　　【答案】　C

　?、?語法填空

　　(2024·廣州質(zhì)檢)Hic! You've just hiccupped (打嗝) for the tenth time since you finished dinner.Wonder 1.________these funny noises are coming from? The part 2.________(blame) is your diaphragm，the muscle (肌肉) at the bottom of your chest.All hiccups start here.

　　The diaphragm almost always 3.________(work) perfectly—it pulls down when you breathe in to help pull air into the lungs 4.________it moves up when you breathe out to help push air out of the lungs.But sometimes the diaphragm becomes upset，and when 5.________happens，it pushes up in an irregular way，making your breath come out differently 6.________how it normally does.When this irregular breath hits your voice box，you're left with a big hiccup.Things 7.________bother the diaphragm include eating too quickly or too much，stomachaches or feeling nervous.

　　If you want to know 8.________ to get rid of hiccups，here are some “cures”.9.________ (breathe) into a paper bag is one method some people use.Others think taking a mouthful of water is the way to become hiccup-free.Sugar under your tongue might also drive away the hiccups.And maybe the most famous 10.________ (treat)，having someone scare you，also helps beat the hiccups.

　　【答案】　1.where　根據(jù)come from可知缺少地點狀語，故用where。

　　2．to blame　空格處內(nèi)容作為the part的后置定語，表示“打嗝聲來源的部位是你的橫膈膜”，to blame用主動形式表示被動意義。意為“應(yīng)受責(zé)備，是……起因”。

　　3．works　根據(jù)always可確定時態(tài)，work在此意為“運作”，故用主動語態(tài)。

　　4．a(chǎn)nd/or　前后兩句是并列關(guān)系，所以需要并列連詞，故用and或者or。

　　5．this/it/that　空格處指代的內(nèi)容是“sometimes the diaphragm becomes upset”，且根據(jù)“and when”推測此處可以用指示代詞或者it。

　　6．from/to　表示呼吸的方式不同于以往正常情況，故用from或者to。

　　7．that/which　things為先行詞，謂語動詞是include，“______ bother the diaphragm”是定語從句，修飾things，故用關(guān)系代詞that或which引導(dǎo)定語從句，且在從句中作主語。

　　8．how　疑問詞＋不定式在句中作know的賓語，且表示方式，故用how。

　　9．Breathing/To breathe “________ (breathe) into a paper bag”在句中作主語，且表示主動，故用動名詞或者不定式。

　　10．treatment　famous為形容詞，應(yīng)修飾名詞，因有the most修飾，只能用單數(shù)，故用treatment。

　?、?閱讀理解

　　A

　　(2011·山東高考)Diana Jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons：a combination of savings，income，scholarships，and a modest amount of borrowing.Then her husband lost his job，and the plan fell apart.

　　“I have two kids in college，and I want to say‘come home’，but at the same time I want to provide them with a good education，”says Jacobs.

　　The Jacobs family did work out a solution：They asked and received more aid from the schools，and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan(貸款)program.They will each graduate with$20,000 of debt，but at least they will be able to finish school.

　　With unemployment rising，financial aid administrators expect to hear from more families like the Jacobses.More students are applying for aid，and more families expect to need student loans.College administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around.

　　At the same time，tuition(學(xué)費)continues to rise.A report from the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education found that college tuition and fees increased 439% from 1982 to 2007，while average family income rose just 147%.Student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade.

　　“If we go on this way for another 25 years，we won't have an affordable system of higher education，”says Patrick M．Callan，president of the center.“The middle class families have been financing it through debt.They will send kids to college whatever it takes，even if that means a huge amount of debt.”

　　Financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that student loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them.The good news，however，is that federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing，and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted.

　　【語篇解讀】　本文通過描述Jacobs家一對雙胞胎兒子在上大學(xué)時遇到的經(jīng)濟困難，告訴大家在失業(yè)率增加的同時，現(xiàn)在上大學(xué)的學(xué)費越來越高，貸款的學(xué)生也越來越多，以至于許多公司不得不停止對學(xué)生的貸款，但是承擔大部分學(xué)生貸款的政府貸款資助不會中斷。

　　1．According to Paragraph 1，why did the plan of the Jacobs family fail?

　　A．The twins wasted too much money.

　　B．The father was out of work.

　　C．Their savings ran out.

　　D．The family fell apart.

　　【解析】　細節(jié)理解題。由第一段最后一句“Then her husband lost his job，and the plan fell apart.”可知選B。

　　【答案】　B

　　2．How did the Jacobses manage to solve their problem?

　　A．They asked their kids to come home.

　　B．They borrowed $20,000 from the schools.

　　C．They encouraged their twin sons to do part-time jobs.

　　D．They got help from the schools and the federal government.

　　【解析】　細節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“They asked and received more aid from the schools，and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan(貸款)program.”可知選D。

　　【答案】　D

　　3．Financial aid administrators believe that________.

　　A．more families will face the same problem as the Jacobses

　　B．the government will receive more letters of complaint

　　C．college tuition fees will double soon

　　D．America's unemployment will fall

　　【解析】　細節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“...financial aid administrators expect to hear from more families like the Jacobses.More students are applying for aid，and more families expect to need student loans.”可知選A。

　　【答案】　A

　　4．What can we learn about the middle class families from the text?

　　A．They blamed the government for the tuition increase.

　　B．Their income remained steady in the last decade.

　　C．They will try their best to send kids to college.

　　D．Their debts will be paid off within 25 years.

　　【解析】　推理判斷題。由第六段中的“They will send kids to college whatever it takes，even if that means a huge amount of debt.”可知選C。

　　【答案】　C

　　5．According to the last paragraph，the government will________.

　　A．provide most students with scholarships

　　B．dismiss some financial aid administrators

　　C．stop the companies from making student loans

　　D．go on providing financial support for college students

　　【解析】　推理判斷題。由最后一段最后一句“...the government says that money will

　　flow uninterrupted.”可知政府將會繼續(xù)給大學(xué)生提供貸款資助。

　　【答案】　D

　　B

　　Farming is moving indoors，where the sun never shines，where rainfall is irrelevant and where the climate is always right.The perfect crop field could be inside a windowless building with controlled light，temperature，wetness，air quality and nutrition.It could be in a New York high-rise or a complex in the Saudi desert.

　　The world already is having trouble feeding itself.Half the people on Earth live in cities，and nearly half of those—about 3 billion—are hungry or ill-fed.Food prices，currently increasing，are buffeted by dryness，floods and the cost of energy required to plant，harvest and transport it. And prices will only get more unstable. Climate change makes long-term crop planning uncertain.Farmers in many parts of the world already are using water available to the last drop.And the world is getting more crowded：by mid-century，the global population will grow from 6.8 billion to 9 billion.

　　To feed so many people may require expanding farmland at the expense of forests and wilderness，or finding ways to completely increase crop output.

　　Gertjan Meeuws has taken the concept of a greenhouse a step further，growing vegetables and house plants in enclosed (封閉的)and regulated environments.In their research station，water flows into the pans when needed，and the temperature is kept constant.Lights go on and off，creating similar day and night，but according to the rhythm of the plant.

　　A building of 100 square meters and 14 layers(層)of plants could provide a daily diet of 200 grams of fresh fruit and vegetables to the entire population of Den Bosch，about 140,000 people.Their idea isn't to grow foods that require much space，like corn or potatoes.

　　Here sunlight is not only unnecessary but can be harmful.Plants need only specific wavelengths of light to grow.Their growth rate is three times faster than under greenhouse conditions. They use about 90 percent less water than outdoors agriculture.And city farming means producing food near the consumer，and there's no need to transport it long distances.

　　【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文，本文主要講述了研究者Gertjan Meeuws和他的幾位同事所研究的一種未來農(nóng)業(yè)模式：不需要陽光和下雨的室內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)，它不同于溫室農(nóng)業(yè)，是一種節(jié)能、節(jié)水和環(huán)保的農(nóng)業(yè)方式，具有適應(yīng)性強，成本低等特色。