議論文的結構一般有引子、正文和結論三部分。一般在引子部分提出論點，即文章的主題，在正文部分擺出有利的事實，對論點進行嚴密的論證，最后根據前面的論證得出結論。議論文主要包括三要素：論點、論據和論證方法。論點必須正確。論據是為說明論點服務的，既要可靠又要充分，事實勝于雄辯，是最好的論據。論據也可以是人們公認的真理，經過實踐考驗的哲理。 【常用素材】 一、結構模板 【結構模板一】　 正反觀點式議論文模板 導入：第1段 Recently we've had a discussion about whether we should...(導入話題) Our opinions are divided on this topic.(觀點有分歧) 正文： 第2段：Most of the students are in favor of it.(正方觀點) Here are the reasons.First...Second...Finally...(列出2～3個贊成的理由) 第3段：However, the others are strongly against it.(反方觀點) Their reasons are as follows.In the first place...What's more...In addition...(列出2～3個反對的理由) 結論：第4段 Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more than harm good, so I support it.(個人觀點)

　　【結構模板二】　 “A或者B”類議論文模板 導入：第1段 Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways.Others, however, argue that B is much better.Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages. 正文： 第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A．The main is that...Another reason is that...(贊同A的原因)

　　第3段： Of course, B also has advantages to some extent...(列出1～2個B的優勢)

　　結論：第4段 But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B．From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that...(得出結論)． 【結構模板三】　 觀點論述類議論文模板 導入：第1段 As a student, I am strongly in favor of the decision.(亮明自己的觀點是贊成還是反對)

　　The reasons for this may be listed as follows.(過渡句，承上啟下) 正文： 第2段：First of all...Secondly...Besides...(列出2～3個贊成或反對的理由) 結論： 第3段：In conclusion, I believe that...(照應第1段，構成“總—分—總”結構) 【結構模板四】　 “How to”類議論文模板 導入： 第1段 提出一種現象或某種困難作為議論的話題 正文：第2段： Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective.First of all...Another way to solve the problem is...Finally...(列出2～3個解決此類問題的辦法) 結論：第3段 These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take.But it should be noted that we should take action to...(強調解決此類問題的根本方法) 二、必備句型 1．Opinions vary from individual to individual. 2．Others argue/hold the view that... 3．What's important is that... 4．As far as I'm concerned, I prefer... 5. When it comes to failure, different people hold different attitudes towards it. 6. There is no denying that students can learn a lot from it. 7. It's universally acknowledged that knowledge can change one's fate. 8. In conclusion, I think having a very close relationship with a pet is healthy. 9. In short, it can be said that health is more important than wealth. 10. From what has been said above, we can safely draw a conclusion that attitudes determines everything. [寫作要求] (2010年高考上海卷)Directions：Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 下圖是小學新生的課堂一角，對照你當時的上課情況，做出比較并談談你的感受。你的作文必須包括： ●描述圖片里學生上課的場景 ●比較你同時期的上課情況 ●簡單談談你的感受

　　[佳作背誦] The picture above illustrates that in a class of an American primary school the children are thronging to raise their hands to ask questions, from which we can know that a ripple of laughter is running around the classroom.It's evident that this kind of class will exert a great influence both on the children's academic achievements and on their psychological development.Their positive attitude towards study must arouse their strong enthusiasm in their overall promotion as well. The lively lesson reminds me of the atmosphere of my class, in which most of us maintain good discipline, let alone volunteer to raise hands to ask or answer questions.This kind of atmosphere puts great pressure on us, getting us eventually to lack interest in our lessons. Taking what has been discussed above into account, there is no doubt that we Chinese teachers should create a relaxed atmosphere of school life and exercise student's intellect in lively discussion.Only in this way can we really achieve our teaching goal.

　　議論文的結構一般有引子、正文和結論三部分。一般在引子部分提出論點，即文章的主題，在正文部分擺出有利的事實，對論點進行嚴密的論證，最后根據前面的論證得出結論。議論文主要包括三要素：論點、論據和論證方法。論點必須正確。論據是為說明論點服務的，既要可靠又要充分，事實勝于雄辯，是最好的論據。論據也可以是人們公認的真理，經過實踐考驗的哲理。 【常用素材】 一、結構模板 【結構模板一】　 正反觀點式議論文模板 導入：第1段 Recently we've had a discussion about whether we should...(導入話題) Our opinions are divided on this topic.(觀點有分歧) 正文： 第2段：Most of the students are in favor of it.(正方觀點) Here are the reasons.First...Second...Finally...(列出2～3個贊成的理由) 第3段：However, the others are strongly against it.(反方觀點) Their reasons are as follows.In the first place...What's more...In addition...(列出2～3個反對的理由) 結論：第4段 Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more than harm good, so I support it.(個人觀點)

　　【結構模板二】　 “A或者B”類議論文模板 導入：第1段 Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways.Others, however, argue that B is much better.Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages. 正文： 第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A．The main is that...Another reason is that...(贊同A的原因)

　　第3段： Of course, B also has advantages to some extent...(列出1～2個B的優勢)

　　結論：第4段 But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B．From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that...(得出結論)． 【結構模板三】　 觀點論述類議論文模板 導入：第1段 As a student, I am strongly in favor of the decision.(亮明自己的觀點是贊成還是反對)

　　The reasons for this may be listed as follows.(過渡句，承上啟下) 正文： 第2段：First of all...Secondly...Besides...(列出2～3個贊成或反對的理由) 結論： 第3段：In conclusion, I believe that...(照應第1段，構成“總—分—總”結構) 【結構模板四】　 “How to”類議論文模板 導入： 第1段 提出一種現象或某種困難作為議論的話題 正文：第2段： Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective.First of all...Another way to solve the problem is...Finally...(列出2～3個解決此類問題的辦法) 結論：第3段 These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take.But it should be noted that we should take action to...(強調解決此類問題的根本方法) 二、必備句型 1．Opinions vary from individual to individual. 2．Others argue/hold the view that... 3．What's important is that... 4．As far as I'm concerned, I prefer... 5. When it comes to failure, different people hold different attitudes towards it. 6. There is no denying that students can learn a lot from it. 7. It's universally acknowledged that knowledge can change one's fate. 8. In conclusion, I think having a very close relationship with a pet is healthy. 9. In short, it can be said that health is more important than wealth. 10. From what has been said above, we can safely draw a conclusion that attitudes determines everything. [寫作要求] (2010年高考上海卷)Directions：Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 下圖是小學新生的課堂一角，對照你當時的上課情況，做出比較并談談你的感受。你的作文必須包括： ●描述圖片里學生上課的場景 ●比較你同時期的上課情況 ●簡單談談你的感受

　　[佳作背誦] The picture above illustrates that in a class of an American primary school the children are thronging to raise their hands to ask questions, from which we can know that a ripple of laughter is running around the classroom.It's evident that this kind of class will exert a great influence both on the children's academic achievements and on their psychological development.Their positive attitude towards study must arouse their strong enthusiasm in their overall promotion as well. The lively lesson reminds me of the atmosphere of my class, in which most of us maintain good discipline, let alone volunteer to raise hands to ask or answer questions.This kind of atmosphere puts great pressure on us, getting us eventually to lack interest in our lessons. Taking what has been discussed above into account, there is no doubt that we Chinese teachers should create a relaxed atmosphere of school life and exercise student's intellect in lively discussion.Only in this way can we really achieve our teaching goal.