2024高考英語(yǔ)考綱解讀及熱點(diǎn)演練:2 冠詞
冠詞的考查幾乎每年都有一兩道題,而且基本都設(shè)兩空。一般情況下,試題的情景較為曲折,句式以復(fù)合句為主。另外,在短文改錯(cuò)和語(yǔ)法填空中也常常涉及冠詞的考查。考查要點(diǎn)主要包括:
1.考查定冠詞和不定冠詞的基本用法。
2.考查定冠詞和不定冠詞的特殊用法。抽象名詞具體化前冠詞的使用情況、比較級(jí)前冠詞的使用情況。
3.考查冠詞的泛指、特指、類指和專指用法。
4.考查零冠詞的運(yùn)用。另外,還涉及很多冠詞與名詞的固定搭配。
復(fù)習(xí)冠詞須把握好以下三個(gè)原則:
(1)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞用不定冠詞a/an表示泛指;
(2)復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí),其前不加冠詞;
(3)無(wú)論可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞,表示特指時(shí),其前都要加定冠詞the。
2024年高考將繼續(xù)把冠詞的基本用法作為考查重點(diǎn),而冠詞的活用仍會(huì)成為2024年高考考查的難點(diǎn)。
一定冠詞
1.表示特指。
Pass me the magazine on the desk.
請(qǐng)把桌上的雜志遞給我。
二不定冠詞
3.用于具體化了的抽象名詞前。
He was a success in business.
他是事業(yè)成功人士。
三零冠詞
1.用于表示泛指或一般意義的物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、專有名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞等之前。
Knowledge begins with practice.
知識(shí)從實(shí)踐開(kāi)始。
Teachers should be respected.
教師應(yīng)該受到尊重。
2.東、西方都有的節(jié)日名稱前不用冠詞,如:New Year's Day, Christmas, National Day, Army Day等;但中國(guó)的節(jié)日一般用定冠詞,如:the Spring Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival等。
3.月份、日期前一般不用冠詞,如:in October, on March 8等。
4.三餐名詞前不用冠詞,如:have breakfast/lunch/dinner等。
但有定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)需加不定冠詞,如:have a big breakfast,have a wonderful lunch等。
5.表示體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前不用冠詞,如:play football/cards/chess等;但樂(lè)器名詞前需加定冠詞,如:play the violin/the piano等。
6.用于作表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)的唯一職位名詞前。
John is captain of the team.
約翰是這個(gè)隊(duì)的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。
They elected him president of the society.
他們選他為協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)。
7.用于表示“變成”的turn后、作表語(yǔ)的單數(shù)名詞前。
He was a teacher before he turned writer.
他成為作家之前是教師。
10.用于某些獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中。
The teacher came in, book in hand (=with a book in his hand).
老師走了進(jìn)來(lái),手里拿著書(shū)。
四冠詞在固定搭配中的用法
1.用在表示計(jì)量的名詞前,如by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard等,但是如果表示單位的名詞為不可數(shù)名詞,之前不用冠詞,如by weight, by height等。
2.在句型“動(dòng)詞+sb.+介詞+the+身體某部位”中的the不可用人稱代詞替代。
take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂
hit sb. in the face 打某人的臉
此外,在be red in the face (臉紅), be lame in the right leg (右腿瘸)等結(jié)構(gòu)中,名詞前要用the。
3.用于某些習(xí)慣用法,如have a look, play a trick on, in a hurry, at a loss (茫然,不知所措)等。
4.有些習(xí)語(yǔ)中有無(wú)冠詞意義完全不同。如:
1.(2024·福建,21)The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's well-being and ________ dream of harmony,peace and development.A.the;a
B.a(chǎn);a
C.a(chǎn);the
D.the;the
2.(2024·江西,32)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man.
A.a(chǎn);/
B.the;the
C.a(chǎn);the
D./;/
【答案】A
3.(2024·山東,22)It was________cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across________night sky.
A./;a
B.a(chǎn);the
C.the;a
D.the;/
4.(2024·江西,19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century.
A.the;a
B.a(chǎn);/
C./;the
D.the;the
5.(2024·浙江,15)People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning.
A.a(chǎn);an
B.a(chǎn);/
C./;the
D.the;an
6.(2024·重慶,32)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee.
A.a(chǎn);/
B.the; /
C.the; an
D.a(chǎn); an
【例1】 We can never expect ________ bluer sky unless we create ________ less polluted world.
A.a(chǎn); a
B.a(chǎn);the
C.the;a
D.the;the
【例2】 It is generally accepted that ________ boy must learn to stand up and fight like ________ man.
A.a(chǎn);a
B.a(chǎn);the
C.the;the
D.a(chǎn);/
【例3】 First impressions are the most lasting.After all, you never get ________ second chance to make ________ first impression.
A.a(chǎn);the
B.the;the
C.a(chǎn);a
D.the;a
【例4】 Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.
A.the;the
B.a(chǎn);a
C.a(chǎn);/
D./;a
不定冠詞的用法
泛指單數(shù)和首提,某個(gè)/每個(gè)/又一個(gè);
物質(zhì)名詞具體化,相同還是抽象詞;
三餐四季有修飾,感嘆句中有名單。
①泛指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前和首次提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前;
②表示又一個(gè),某一個(gè)(a second;a certain...)
③具體化的物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前(a success,a surprise...)
④有修飾詞的三餐和四季前(a wonderful supper,a warm winter)
⑤感嘆句中有單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。(How lovely a girl!)
【例5】 As is known to all, ________ People's Republic of China is ________ biggest developing country in the world.
A.the;/
B./;the
C.the;the
D./;/
【例6】 —I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.
—It is not your fault.With ________ rush-h(huán)our traffic and ________ heavy rain,it is no wonder you were late.
A.a(chǎn);a
B.the;the
C./;/
D./;a
【例7】 What I need is ______ book that contains ________ ABC of oil painting.
A.a(chǎn);/
B.the;/
C.the;an
D.a(chǎn);the
【例8】 The biggest whale is ________ blue whale,which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ________ 9-story building.
A.the;the
B.a(chǎn);a
C.a(chǎn);the
D.the;a
定冠詞的用法
特指雙熟悉,上文已提及;
世上獨(dú)無(wú)二,序數(shù)最高級(jí);
某些專有名,習(xí)語(yǔ)和樂(lè)器。
①特指某些人或事物;②談話雙方都熟悉的人或事物;③上文已經(jīng)提到的人或事物;④世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前;⑤序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級(jí)前;⑥某些專有名詞前;⑦一些習(xí)慣短語(yǔ)(如in the day等)中和西洋樂(lè)器名詞前(如:play the piano)
【例】 Sam has been appointed ________ manager of the engineering department to take ________ place of George.
A./;/
B.the;/
C.the;the
D./;the
【例】 Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in ________ weather around the world.
A./;the
B.the;/
C.a(chǎn)n;the
D.the;a
【例】 It's ________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ________ pleasure.
A./;a
B.a(chǎn); /
C.the;a
D.a(chǎn);the
【例】 Many lifestyle patterns do such ________ great harm to health that they actually speed up ________ weakening of the human body.
A.a(chǎn);/
B./;the
C.a(chǎn);the
D./;/
不用冠詞的情況口訣
下列情況應(yīng)免冠,代詞限定名詞前:
專有名詞表泛指,學(xué)科球類三餐前;
復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指,兩節(jié)星期月份前;
顏色語(yǔ)種和國(guó)名,稱呼習(xí)語(yǔ)及頭銜。
以上口訣主要概括了一般應(yīng)對(duì)“免冠”的幾種情況,即:
①名詞前已有作定語(yǔ)的this,that,some,my等限定詞;
②泛指的專有名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前;
③表示學(xué)科的(如English,maths,physics)等名詞前;
④球類運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前及三餐總稱前;
⑤復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指(一類人或事物)時(shí);
⑥節(jié)日、季節(jié)、星期、月份前;
⑦表示顏色(如:It's red/yellow)、語(yǔ)種(如:speak English/Japanese)和國(guó)家的非全稱名詞(如:We live in China.They come from America.)前;
1. ________ M(m)oney plays an important role in ________ material world.But you can't expect it to give you real happiness.A.A;the
B./;a
C./;the
D.The,the
2. My friend's birthday is coming soon.I would like to go to ________ store,or some places close by to buy him ________ present.
A.the;the
B.a(chǎn);the
C./;a
D.the;a
3.— How did you do in your essay?
—I got ________ okay grade,but Mr.Jones gave Sarah top marks.She's ________ teacher's pet,you know.
A./;a
B.a(chǎn)n;/
C./;the
D.a(chǎn)n;a
4.It is said that ________ wool produced in Australia is of ________ high quality.
A./;/
B.the;/
C.the;a
D.the;the
5.—Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with?
—________ younger one.He is ________ most humorous man.
A.A;a
B.A;the
C.The;a
D.The;/
6.I don't know who invented ________ iphone,but I think it is ________ useful invention.
A.the;a
B.the;the
C.a(chǎn)n;the
D.a(chǎn)n;a
7. Keeping a diary is ________ good habit,by which you'll make ________ great progress in writing.
A.a(chǎn);a
B.a(chǎn);/
C.the;a
D.the;/
8.—Have you seen ________ pen?I left it here this morning.
—Is it ________ black one?I found it in the corner.
A.a(chǎn);the
B.the;the
C.a(chǎn);a
D.the;a
9. The operation is ________ success and the patient is now out of ________ danger.
A.a(chǎn);the
B.a(chǎn);/
C./;the
D./;/
10. As ________ unemployment is very high at the moment,it's very difficult for people to find ________ work.
A.the;/
B./;/
C.the;a
D.a(chǎn)n;the
冠詞的考查幾乎每年都有一兩道題,而且基本都設(shè)兩空。一般情況下,試題的情景較為曲折,句式以復(fù)合句為主。另外,在短文改錯(cuò)和語(yǔ)法填空中也常常涉及冠詞的考查。考查要點(diǎn)主要包括:
1.考查定冠詞和不定冠詞的基本用法。
2.考查定冠詞和不定冠詞的特殊用法。抽象名詞具體化前冠詞的使用情況、比較級(jí)前冠詞的使用情況。
3.考查冠詞的泛指、特指、類指和專指用法。
4.考查零冠詞的運(yùn)用。另外,還涉及很多冠詞與名詞的固定搭配。
復(fù)習(xí)冠詞須把握好以下三個(gè)原則:
(1)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞用不定冠詞a/an表示泛指;
(2)復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí),其前不加冠詞;
(3)無(wú)論可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞,表示特指時(shí),其前都要加定冠詞the。
2024年高考將繼續(xù)把冠詞的基本用法作為考查重點(diǎn),而冠詞的活用仍會(huì)成為2024年高考考查的難點(diǎn)。
一定冠詞
1.表示特指。
Pass me the magazine on the desk.
請(qǐng)把桌上的雜志遞給我。
二不定冠詞
3.用于具體化了的抽象名詞前。
He was a success in business.
他是事業(yè)成功人士。
三零冠詞
1.用于表示泛指或一般意義的物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、專有名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞等之前。
Knowledge begins with practice.
知識(shí)從實(shí)踐開(kāi)始。
Teachers should be respected.
教師應(yīng)該受到尊重。
2.東、西方都有的節(jié)日名稱前不用冠詞,如:New Year's Day, Christmas, National Day, Army Day等;但中國(guó)的節(jié)日一般用定冠詞,如:the Spring Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival等。
3.月份、日期前一般不用冠詞,如:in October, on March 8等。
4.三餐名詞前不用冠詞,如:have breakfast/lunch/dinner等。
但有定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)需加不定冠詞,如:have a big breakfast,have a wonderful lunch等。
5.表示體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前不用冠詞,如:play football/cards/chess等;但樂(lè)器名詞前需加定冠詞,如:play the violin/the piano等。
6.用于作表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)的唯一職位名詞前。
John is captain of the team.
約翰是這個(gè)隊(duì)的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。
They elected him president of the society.
他們選他為協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)。
7.用于表示“變成”的turn后、作表語(yǔ)的單數(shù)名詞前。
He was a teacher before he turned writer.
他成為作家之前是教師。
10.用于某些獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中。
The teacher came in, book in hand (=with a book in his hand).
老師走了進(jìn)來(lái),手里拿著書(shū)。
四冠詞在固定搭配中的用法
1.用在表示計(jì)量的名詞前,如by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard等,但是如果表示單位的名詞為不可數(shù)名詞,之前不用冠詞,如by weight, by height等。
2.在句型“動(dòng)詞+sb.+介詞+the+身體某部位”中的the不可用人稱代詞替代。
take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂
hit sb. in the face 打某人的臉
此外,在be red in the face (臉紅), be lame in the right leg (右腿瘸)等結(jié)構(gòu)中,名詞前要用the。
3.用于某些習(xí)慣用法,如have a look, play a trick on, in a hurry, at a loss (茫然,不知所措)等。
4.有些習(xí)語(yǔ)中有無(wú)冠詞意義完全不同。如:
1.(2024·福建,21)The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's well-being and ________ dream of harmony,peace and development.A.the;a
B.a(chǎn);a
C.a(chǎn);the
D.the;the
2.(2024·江西,32)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man.
A.a(chǎn);/
B.the;the
C.a(chǎn);the
D./;/
【答案】A
3.(2024·山東,22)It was________cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across________night sky.
A./;a
B.a(chǎn);the
C.the;a
D.the;/
4.(2024·江西,19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century.
A.the;a
B.a(chǎn);/
C./;the
D.the;the
5.(2024·浙江,15)People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning.
A.a(chǎn);an
B.a(chǎn);/
C./;the
D.the;an
6.(2024·重慶,32)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee.
A.a(chǎn);/
B.the; /
C.the; an
D.a(chǎn); an
【例1】 We can never expect ________ bluer sky unless we create ________ less polluted world.
A.a(chǎn); a
B.a(chǎn);the
C.the;a
D.the;the
【例2】 It is generally accepted that ________ boy must learn to stand up and fight like ________ man.
A.a(chǎn);a
B.a(chǎn);the
C.the;the
D.a(chǎn);/
【例3】 First impressions are the most lasting.After all, you never get ________ second chance to make ________ first impression.
A.a(chǎn);the
B.the;the
C.a(chǎn);a
D.the;a
【例4】 Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.
A.the;the
B.a(chǎn);a
C.a(chǎn);/
D./;a
不定冠詞的用法
泛指單數(shù)和首提,某個(gè)/每個(gè)/又一個(gè);
物質(zhì)名詞具體化,相同還是抽象詞;
三餐四季有修飾,感嘆句中有名單。
①泛指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前和首次提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前;
②表示又一個(gè),某一個(gè)(a second;a certain...)
③具體化的物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前(a success,a surprise...)
④有修飾詞的三餐和四季前(a wonderful supper,a warm winter)
⑤感嘆句中有單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。(How lovely a girl!)
【例5】 As is known to all, ________ People's Republic of China is ________ biggest developing country in the world.
A.the;/
B./;the
C.the;the
D./;/
【例6】 —I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.
—It is not your fault.With ________ rush-h(huán)our traffic and ________ heavy rain,it is no wonder you were late.
A.a(chǎn);a
B.the;the
C./;/
D./;a
【例7】 What I need is ______ book that contains ________ ABC of oil painting.
A.a(chǎn);/
B.the;/
C.the;an
D.a(chǎn);the
【例8】 The biggest whale is ________ blue whale,which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ________ 9-story building.
A.the;the
B.a(chǎn);a
C.a(chǎn);the
D.the;a
定冠詞的用法
特指雙熟悉,上文已提及;
世上獨(dú)無(wú)二,序數(shù)最高級(jí);
某些專有名,習(xí)語(yǔ)和樂(lè)器。
①特指某些人或事物;②談話雙方都熟悉的人或事物;③上文已經(jīng)提到的人或事物;④世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前;⑤序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級(jí)前;⑥某些專有名詞前;⑦一些習(xí)慣短語(yǔ)(如in the day等)中和西洋樂(lè)器名詞前(如:play the piano)
【例】 Sam has been appointed ________ manager of the engineering department to take ________ place of George.
A./;/
B.the;/
C.the;the
D./;the
【例】 Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in ________ weather around the world.
A./;the
B.the;/
C.a(chǎn)n;the
D.the;a
【例】 It's ________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ________ pleasure.
A./;a
B.a(chǎn); /
C.the;a
D.a(chǎn);the
【例】 Many lifestyle patterns do such ________ great harm to health that they actually speed up ________ weakening of the human body.
A.a(chǎn);/
B./;the
C.a(chǎn);the
D./;/
不用冠詞的情況口訣
下列情況應(yīng)免冠,代詞限定名詞前:
專有名詞表泛指,學(xué)科球類三餐前;
復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指,兩節(jié)星期月份前;
顏色語(yǔ)種和國(guó)名,稱呼習(xí)語(yǔ)及頭銜。
以上口訣主要概括了一般應(yīng)對(duì)“免冠”的幾種情況,即:
①名詞前已有作定語(yǔ)的this,that,some,my等限定詞;
②泛指的專有名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前;
③表示學(xué)科的(如English,maths,physics)等名詞前;
④球類運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前及三餐總稱前;
⑤復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指(一類人或事物)時(shí);
⑥節(jié)日、季節(jié)、星期、月份前;
⑦表示顏色(如:It's red/yellow)、語(yǔ)種(如:speak English/Japanese)和國(guó)家的非全稱名詞(如:We live in China.They come from America.)前;
1. ________ M(m)oney plays an important role in ________ material world.But you can't expect it to give you real happiness.A.A;the
B./;a
C./;the
D.The,the
2. My friend's birthday is coming soon.I would like to go to ________ store,or some places close by to buy him ________ present.
A.the;the
B.a(chǎn);the
C./;a
D.the;a
3.— How did you do in your essay?
—I got ________ okay grade,but Mr.Jones gave Sarah top marks.She's ________ teacher's pet,you know.
A./;a
B.a(chǎn)n;/
C./;the
D.a(chǎn)n;a
4.It is said that ________ wool produced in Australia is of ________ high quality.
A./;/
B.the;/
C.the;a
D.the;the
5.—Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with?
—________ younger one.He is ________ most humorous man.
A.A;a
B.A;the
C.The;a
D.The;/
6.I don't know who invented ________ iphone,but I think it is ________ useful invention.
A.the;a
B.the;the
C.a(chǎn)n;the
D.a(chǎn)n;a
7. Keeping a diary is ________ good habit,by which you'll make ________ great progress in writing.
A.a(chǎn);a
B.a(chǎn);/
C.the;a
D.the;/
8.—Have you seen ________ pen?I left it here this morning.
—Is it ________ black one?I found it in the corner.
A.a(chǎn);the
B.the;the
C.a(chǎn);a
D.the;a
9. The operation is ________ success and the patient is now out of ________ danger.
A.a(chǎn);the
B.a(chǎn);/
C./;the
D./;/
10. As ________ unemployment is very high at the moment,it's very difficult for people to find ________ work.
A.the;/
B./;/
C.the;a
D.a(chǎn)n;the