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山東省郯城第三中學高中英語語法大全:第12章 名詞(含鞏固練習)

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山東省郯城第三中學高中英語語法大全:第12章 名詞(含鞏固練習)

  一.概念

  名詞是表示人,事物,地點或抽象概念的名稱的詞,有專有名詞和普通名詞之分,還有可數名詞與不可數名詞之分.

  二.相關知識點精講

  1.名詞復數的規則變化

  情況 構成方法 讀音 例詞

  一般情況 加 -s 清輔音后讀/s/ map-maps

  濁輔音和元音后讀 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars

  以s, sh, ch, x等結尾

  -es 讀 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches

  以ce, se, ze,等結尾

  -s 讀 /iz/ license-licenses

  以輔音字母+y結尾 y 為i再加es

  /z/ baby---babies

  ?2.其它名詞復數的規則變化

  1) y結尾的專有名詞,或元音字母+y 結尾的名詞變復數時,直接加s變復數。例如: 

   two Marys

  the Henrys

  monkey---monkeys 

  holiday---holidays

  2) 以o

  a. 加s,如: photo---photos

  piano---pianos

  radio---radios

  zoo---zoos;

  b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes 

  tomato--tomatoes

  c. 上述a和b兩種方法均可,如zero---zeros / zeroes。 

  3) 以f或fe

  a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs 

  roof---roofs

  safe---safes 

  gulf---gulfs;

  b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halves

  knife---knives leaf---leaves 

  wolf---wolves

  wife---wives  life---lives 

  thief---thieves;

  c. a和b兩種方法均可,如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。

  1) child---children 

  foot---feet 

  tooth---teeth

  mouse---mice 

  man---men 

  woman---women 

  man 或 woman構成的合成詞,其復數形式也是 -men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成詞,故復數形式為Germans;Bowman是姓,其復數是the Bowmans。

  2) deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。但除人民幣的元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復數形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。

  3)集體名詞,以單數形式出現,但實為復數。例如:

  people police cattle

  a people,a police,a cattle,但可以說a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss The Chinese are industries and brave. 中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。

  4) s結尾,仍為單數的名詞,如:

  a. maths,politics,physics等學科名詞,一般是不可數名詞,為單數。

  b. news

  c. the United States,the United Nations 應視為單數。

  The United Nations was organized in 1945. 聯合國是1945年組建起來的。

  d.

  "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事書。

  5) glasses (眼鏡) trousers, clothes等,若表達具體數目,要借助數量詞 pair(對,雙); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。

  6) goods貨物,waters水域,fishes(各種)魚。 

  4. 不可數名詞量的表示

  1)物質名詞

  a.

  比較:Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一種食物。 (不可數)

  These cakes are sweet. 這些蛋糕很好吃。 (可數)

  b.

  This factory produces steel. (不可數)

  We need various steels. (可數)

  c.

  Our country is famous for tea. 我國因茶葉而聞名。

  Two teas, please. 請來兩杯茶。

  2)

  four freedoms 四大自由

  the four modernizations四個現代化

  a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一則建議。

  5.

  名詞作定語一般用單數,但也有以下例外。

  用復數作定語。例如:

  sports meeting 運動會

  students reading-room

  talks table 談判桌

  the foreign languages department 外語系

  2) man, woman, gentleman等作定語時,其單復數以所修飾的名詞的單復數而定。例如:

  men workerswomen teachersgentlemen officials

  3) s結尾的名詞,作定語時,s保留。例如:

  goods train (貨車)

  arms produce 武器生產

  customs papers 海關文件

  clothes brush

  衣刷

  4) 數詞+名詞作定語時,這個名詞一般保留單數形式。例如:

  two-dozen eggs 兩打雞蛋  a ten-mile walk 十英里路

  two-hundred trees 兩百棵樹

  a five-year plan. 一個五年計劃

  國籍 總稱(謂語用復數) 單數 復數

  中國人 the Chinese a Chinese 

  two Chinese

  the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss

  澳大利亞人 the Australians 

  an Australian two Australians

  the Russians a Russian two Russians

  意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians

  希臘人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks

  法國人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen

  日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese

  美國人 the Americans an American two Americans

  印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians

  加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians

  德國人 the Germans a Germans two Germans

  英國人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen

  瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes

  7. 名詞的格

  "'s"來表示所有關系,帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格,如:a teacher's book。名詞所有格的規則如下:

  1) "'s",復數名詞詞尾沒有s,也要加"'s",如the boy's bag 男孩的書包,men's room

  2) -s ,只加" ' ",如:the workers' struggle 工人的斗爭。

  3) "'s"的名詞,都可以用"名詞+of +名詞"的結構來表示所有關系,如:the title of the song

  4) the barber's 理發店。

  5) 's,則表示"分別有";只有一個's,則表示'共有'。例如:

  John's and Mary's rooms(兩間)John and Mary's room(一間)

  6) 's 加在最后一個詞的詞尾。例如:a month or two's absence

  1.He was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly live on his_______.

  a.?? little wage

  b. few wage

  c. wage

  d. wages

  2.Most of the houses in the village were burnt to ______ during the war.

  a. ????? an ash

  b. the ash

  c. ash

  d. ashes

  3.The students at colleges or universities are making ______ for the coming New Year.

  a. ????? many preparations

  b. much preparation

  c. preparations

  d. preparation

  4.Paiting in _____ is one of their spare-time activities.

  a. ????? oil

  b. an oil

  c. oils

  d. the oil

  5.In the view of the foreign experts, there wasn’t ____ oil here.

  a. ????? much

  b. lots of

  c. a great deal of

  d. many

  6.The large houses are being painted, but ______.

  a.

  of great expense

  b. at a great expense

  c. in a lot of expenses d. by high expense

  7.The room was small and contained far too ______.

  a.much new furniture

  c. much new furnitures

  b.many new furniture

  d. many new furnitures

  8.Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______.

  a. rooms number

  b. room number

  c. room’s numbers

  d. room numbers

  9.Computers can do ______ work in a short time, but a man can not do ______ by himself.

  a great many…many

  c. much…a great deal

  b.great deal of…much

  d. many…a great many

  10.She didn’t know _____ he had been given.

  a. how many information

  c. how many informations

  b. the number of information

  d. how much information

  11.He invited all of his ______ to join his wedding party.

  a. comrade-in-arms

  c. comrades-in-arm

  b. comrades-in-arms

  d. comrade-in-arm

  12.All the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month.

  a. women doctors

  c. woman doctors

  b. women doctor

  d. woman doctor

  13.After ten years, all these youngsters became_____.

  a. growns-ups

  c. growns-up

  b. grown-up

  d. grown-ups

  14.The police investigated those _____ about the accident.

  a.? stander-by

  c. standers-by

  b.? stander-bys

  d. standers-bys

  15.The Nazi kept those ______ in their concentration camp.

  a.prisoner-of-wars

  c. prisoners-of-war

  b.prisoners-of-wars

  d. prisoner-of-war

  16.The manager was greatly appreciate that _____ made by Linda lately.

  a. new reel

  b. news reel

  c. new-reels

  d. news reels

  17.Mary’s dress is similar in appearance to her ______.

  a. elder sister

  b. elder sister’s

  c. elder sisters

  d. elder sisters dress

  18.All the people at the conference are ______.

  a. mathematic teachers

  c. mathematics teacher

  b.mathematics teachers

  d. mathematic’s teachers

  19.Professor Mackay told us that ______ of lead are its softness and its resistance.

  a. some property

  c. properties

  b. some properties

  d. property

  20.Physics _____ with matter and motion.

  a. deal

  b. deals

  c. dealing

  d. are

  一.概念

  名詞是表示人,事物,地點或抽象概念的名稱的詞,有專有名詞和普通名詞之分,還有可數名詞與不可數名詞之分.

  二.相關知識點精講

  1.名詞復數的規則變化

  情況 構成方法 讀音 例詞

  一般情況 加 -s 清輔音后讀/s/ map-maps

  濁輔音和元音后讀 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars

  以s, sh, ch, x等結尾

  -es 讀 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches

  以ce, se, ze,等結尾

  -s 讀 /iz/ license-licenses

  以輔音字母+y結尾 y 為i再加es

  /z/ baby---babies

  ?2.其它名詞復數的規則變化

  1) y結尾的專有名詞,或元音字母+y 結尾的名詞變復數時,直接加s變復數。例如: 

   two Marys

  the Henrys

  monkey---monkeys 

  holiday---holidays

  2) 以o

  a. 加s,如: photo---photos

  piano---pianos

  radio---radios

  zoo---zoos;

  b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes 

  tomato--tomatoes

  c. 上述a和b兩種方法均可,如zero---zeros / zeroes。 

  3) 以f或fe

  a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs 

  roof---roofs

  safe---safes 

  gulf---gulfs;

  b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halves

  knife---knives leaf---leaves 

  wolf---wolves

  wife---wives  life---lives 

  thief---thieves;

  c. a和b兩種方法均可,如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。

  1) child---children 

  foot---feet 

  tooth---teeth

  mouse---mice 

  man---men 

  woman---women 

  man 或 woman構成的合成詞,其復數形式也是 -men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成詞,故復數形式為Germans;Bowman是姓,其復數是the Bowmans。

  2) deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。但除人民幣的元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復數形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。

  3)集體名詞,以單數形式出現,但實為復數。例如:

  people police cattle

  a people,a police,a cattle,但可以說a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss The Chinese are industries and brave. 中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。

  4) s結尾,仍為單數的名詞,如:

  a. maths,politics,physics等學科名詞,一般是不可數名詞,為單數。

  b. news

  c. the United States,the United Nations 應視為單數。

  The United Nations was organized in 1945. 聯合國是1945年組建起來的。

  d.

  "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事書。

  5) glasses (眼鏡) trousers, clothes等,若表達具體數目,要借助數量詞 pair(對,雙); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。

  6) goods貨物,waters水域,fishes(各種)魚。 

  4. 不可數名詞量的表示

  1)物質名詞

  a.

  比較:Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一種食物。 (不可數)

  These cakes are sweet. 這些蛋糕很好吃。 (可數)

  b.

  This factory produces steel. (不可數)

  We need various steels. (可數)

  c.

  Our country is famous for tea. 我國因茶葉而聞名。

  Two teas, please. 請來兩杯茶。

  2)

  four freedoms 四大自由

  the four modernizations四個現代化

  a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一則建議。

  5.

  名詞作定語一般用單數,但也有以下例外。

  用復數作定語。例如:

  sports meeting 運動會

  students reading-room

  talks table 談判桌

  the foreign languages department 外語系

  2) man, woman, gentleman等作定語時,其單復數以所修飾的名詞的單復數而定。例如:

  men workerswomen teachersgentlemen officials

  3) s結尾的名詞,作定語時,s保留。例如:

  goods train (貨車)

  arms produce 武器生產

  customs papers 海關文件

  clothes brush

  衣刷

  4) 數詞+名詞作定語時,這個名詞一般保留單數形式。例如:

  two-dozen eggs 兩打雞蛋  a ten-mile walk 十英里路

  two-hundred trees 兩百棵樹

  a five-year plan. 一個五年計劃

  國籍 總稱(謂語用復數) 單數 復數

  中國人 the Chinese a Chinese 

  two Chinese

  the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss

  澳大利亞人 the Australians 

  an Australian two Australians

  the Russians a Russian two Russians

  意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians

  希臘人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks

  法國人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen

  日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese

  美國人 the Americans an American two Americans

  印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians

  加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians

  德國人 the Germans a Germans two Germans

  英國人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen

  瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes

  7. 名詞的格

  "'s"來表示所有關系,帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格,如:a teacher's book。名詞所有格的規則如下:

  1) "'s",復數名詞詞尾沒有s,也要加"'s",如the boy's bag 男孩的書包,men's room

  2) -s ,只加" ' ",如:the workers' struggle 工人的斗爭。

  3) "'s"的名詞,都可以用"名詞+of +名詞"的結構來表示所有關系,如:the title of the song

  4) the barber's 理發店。

  5) 's,則表示"分別有";只有一個's,則表示'共有'。例如:

  John's and Mary's rooms(兩間)John and Mary's room(一間)

  6) 's 加在最后一個詞的詞尾。例如:a month or two's absence

  1.He was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly live on his_______.

  a.?? little wage

  b. few wage

  c. wage

  d. wages

  2.Most of the houses in the village were burnt to ______ during the war.

  a. ????? an ash

  b. the ash

  c. ash

  d. ashes

  3.The students at colleges or universities are making ______ for the coming New Year.

  a. ????? many preparations

  b. much preparation

  c. preparations

  d. preparation

  4.Paiting in _____ is one of their spare-time activities.

  a. ????? oil

  b. an oil

  c. oils

  d. the oil

  5.In the view of the foreign experts, there wasn’t ____ oil here.

  a. ????? much

  b. lots of

  c. a great deal of

  d. many

  6.The large houses are being painted, but ______.

  a.

  of great expense

  b. at a great expense

  c. in a lot of expenses d. by high expense

  7.The room was small and contained far too ______.

  a.much new furniture

  c. much new furnitures

  b.many new furniture

  d. many new furnitures

  8.Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______.

  a. rooms number

  b. room number

  c. room’s numbers

  d. room numbers

  9.Computers can do ______ work in a short time, but a man can not do ______ by himself.

  a great many…many

  c. much…a great deal

  b.great deal of…much

  d. many…a great many

  10.She didn’t know _____ he had been given.

  a. how many information

  c. how many informations

  b. the number of information

  d. how much information

  11.He invited all of his ______ to join his wedding party.

  a. comrade-in-arms

  c. comrades-in-arm

  b. comrades-in-arms

  d. comrade-in-arm

  12.All the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month.

  a. women doctors

  c. woman doctors

  b. women doctor

  d. woman doctor

  13.After ten years, all these youngsters became_____.

  a. growns-ups

  c. growns-up

  b. grown-up

  d. grown-ups

  14.The police investigated those _____ about the accident.

  a.? stander-by

  c. standers-by

  b.? stander-bys

  d. standers-bys

  15.The Nazi kept those ______ in their concentration camp.

  a.prisoner-of-wars

  c. prisoners-of-war

  b.prisoners-of-wars

  d. prisoner-of-war

  16.The manager was greatly appreciate that _____ made by Linda lately.

  a. new reel

  b. news reel

  c. new-reels

  d. news reels

  17.Mary’s dress is similar in appearance to her ______.

  a. elder sister

  b. elder sister’s

  c. elder sisters

  d. elder sisters dress

  18.All the people at the conference are ______.

  a. mathematic teachers

  c. mathematics teacher

  b.mathematics teachers

  d. mathematic’s teachers

  19.Professor Mackay told us that ______ of lead are its softness and its resistance.

  a. some property

  c. properties

  b. some properties

  d. property

  20.Physics _____ with matter and motion.

  a. deal

  b. deals

  c. dealing

  d. are

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