第二章 It用法及其句型和固定搭配講解

　　It 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英語語法的重點、難點，又是近幾年高考的熱點，因此應(yīng)給予充分的重視，現(xiàn)將it用法歸納如下：

　　一、It用作實詞

　　表達以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that;替代前文中的內(nèi)容;指代一位性別不明的小孩或未知的人;指代未指明但談話雙方都知道的那件事;指代時間、天氣、氣候、距離等自然現(xiàn)象

　　二、It用作形式主語

　　替代作主語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞，而把真正作主語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞置于句尾。

　　It 作形式主語的常見句型：

　　1. 代作主語的動詞不定式，其句型為

　　(1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth.

　　此處adj. 通常為描述事件的形容詞：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous

　　例 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.

　　(2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth.

　　此處adj. 通常為描述人的形容詞：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy.

　　例 Its kind of you to help me with the problem.

　　(3) It替代作主語的動名詞的常見句型

　　Its no good/use doing

　　Its (well)worth doing

　　Its (well)worth ones while doing/to do

　　Its (well)worth while doing/ to do

　　例 Its no use crying over spilt milk.

　　2. It替代作主語的從句常見句型

　　(1) It is + noun +從句

　　例 It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office.

　　(2) It is adj. +clause

　　Its surprising that (should)竟然

　　Its a pity/shame that(should)竟然

　　例 Its important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=Its of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.)

　　(3) It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause

　　It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze

　　/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that

　　例 It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.)

　　(4) It verb (to sb.) that= sb/sth verb to do

　　(verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out)

　　例 It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.)

　　(5) It is v-ed that=sb/sth is to do

　　(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know)

　　例 It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.)

　　(6) It is v-ed that (should)

　　(verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend

　　例 It is suggested that they should begin with the third question.

　　三、It作主語的句型

　　1. It takes sb. to do(=sb takesto do)某人用多長時間做某事

　　例 It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend our roof.)

　　2. Its (just)(un)like sb. to do(不)像某人做某事的風(fēng)格

　　例 It was (just) like him to think of helping us.

　　3. Its (about/high) time that should /v-ed是該做某事的時候了

　　例 Its(about/high) time that we should take action.

　　4. Its the x-th time (that) have v-ed第幾次做某事了

　　例 Its the third time that he has failed the driving test.

　　5. It is/has been since continuous v-ed(延續(xù)性動詞) 某動作已有多長時間不發(fā)生了

　　例 Its 10 years that he lived here

　　6. It was(not) before過(不)了多長時間某動作發(fā)生了

　　例 It was not long before they arrived.

　　四、It 作形式賓語

　　用來替代作賓語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞，而把真正作賓語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞置于句尾。

　　It 作形式賓語的常見句型：

　　1. verb+ it+ adj./noun (for/of) to do/clause (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep)

　　例 I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that youll do the task on your own.

　　2. verb+it+adj./noun (ones) doing (adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no good/worth ones while/a waste of time/money/energy/words) (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep)

　　例 Ill make it worth your while telling me about his secret.

　　3. verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that (should)

　　verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that(should)

　　(verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep)

　　例 I think it important that you (should) attendthe conference.

　　4. verb + it+ as+ noun/adj.+ clause (verb=accept, regard, take, see, view)

　　例 The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.

　　5. v. +it + prep. + that

　　owe it to sb. that把歸功于

　　leave it to sb that把留給某人去做

　　take it for granted that 想當(dāng)然

　　keep it in mind that

　　例 Dont bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out.

　　6. It用在不能直接跟賓語從句的動詞后面，尤其是表示好惡的動詞后，enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, dont mind, be fond of, feel like, see to 賓語從句緊跟it之后

　　例 I hate it you can swim so well and I cant.

　　7. It用在不能直接跟賓語從句的介詞后面，賓語從句緊跟it之后(except that例外)

　　例 Im for it that you will follow their advice.

　　五、強調(diào)句型

　　It is/was+被強調(diào)部分+ that(who) 強調(diào)句型用來強調(diào)謂語動詞以外的任何句子成分。當(dāng)被強調(diào)部分是人時也可以用who。

　　在使用強調(diào)句型時需注意以下幾點：

　　1. 請注意強調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句

　　例 When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity?

　　2. 在強調(diào)原因狀語從句時，只能強調(diào)由because所引導(dǎo)的從句

　　例 It was because he was ill that he didnt come to school yesterday.

　　3. 在強調(diào)not until結(jié)構(gòu)時必須把not與until一起放到被強調(diào)的位置上

　　例 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother.

　　4. 注意強調(diào)句型與定語從句的區(qū)別

　　例 It was at 7 oclock that he came here yesterday.( 強調(diào)句型)

　　It was 7 oclock when he came here yesterday.(定語從句)

　　六、It 常用的固定搭配

　　1. make it

　　(1).在口語當(dāng)中相當(dāng)于succeed,表示：成功、做到、說定、趕上、及時到達

　　例 Its hard to make it to the top in show business.

　　(2).在口語中相當(dāng)于fix the date for,表示約定好時間

　　例 Shall we meet next week?

　　OK. We just make it next Saturday.

　　2. as it is

　　(1).相當(dāng)于in fact, in reality表示事實上，實際情況是

　　例 We had planed to finish the task today, but as it is we probably wont finish it until next week.

　　(2).相當(dāng)于方式狀語從句，表示照原樣

　　例 Leave the table as it is.

　　3. as it were 相當(dāng)于as one might say, that is to say, 表示也就是說，可以說，換句話說

　　例 He is, as it were, a modern Sherlock Holmes.

　　4. if it werent for/if it hadnt been for用來引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣，相當(dāng)于without, or but for, 表示如果不是，要不是

　　例 If it werent for Tom, I wouldnt be alive today.

　　5. thats it

　　(1). 相當(dāng)于Thats all. Thats so much. 表示至此為止，沒有別的了

　　例 You can have one more sweet, and thats it.

　　(2). 相當(dāng)于 Thats right.表示對啦

　　例 I guess the key to the problem is thechoice A

　　Thats it.

　　6. catch it 在口語中，相當(dāng)于be punished/scolded for doing sth. wrong. 表示因做錯事而挨罵，受責(zé)備，受批評，受懲罰

　　例 Well really catch it form our teacher if were late for class again.

　　7. have it

　　(1).相當(dāng)于say, insist表示說，主張，表明，硬說

　　例 Rumour has it that they are getting divorced.

　　(2).相當(dāng)于get to know something,表示了解，知道，獲悉

　　例 I had it from John that she was going abroad.

　　8. have what it takes在口語中，相當(dāng)于be well qualified for, 表示具有成功的條件

　　例 You can take it from me that your daughter has what it takes to be a star.

　　9. so it seems / appears.

　　10. Keep at it! (Dont give up!)相當(dāng)于go on,表示繼續(xù)做，不放棄

　　例 My teacher asked me to keep at it.

　　11. Go it! (Go on!) 拼命干, 莽撞

　　12. Now you have done it! (You have done sth. wrong.)

　　13. Now youll catch it! (Youll be punished.)

　　14. As it happened, 在口語中，相當(dāng)于its a pity that, 表示真不湊巧，真遺憾

　　例 As it happened, they were out.

　　15. As it turned out,在口語中，相當(dāng)于it was found to be in the end, 表示最后被證明是

　　例 As it turned out, his statement was false.

　　第二章 It用法及其句型和固定搭配講解

　　It 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英語語法的重點、難點，又是近幾年高考的熱點，因此應(yīng)給予充分的重視，現(xiàn)將it用法歸納如下：

　　一、It用作實詞

　　表達以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that;替代前文中的內(nèi)容;指代一位性別不明的小孩或未知的人;指代未指明但談話雙方都知道的那件事;指代時間、天氣、氣候、距離等自然現(xiàn)象

　　二、It用作形式主語

　　替代作主語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞，而把真正作主語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞置于句尾。

　　It 作形式主語的常見句型：

　　1. 代作主語的動詞不定式，其句型為

　　(1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth.

　　此處adj. 通常為描述事件的形容詞：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous

　　例 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.

　　(2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth.

　　此處adj. 通常為描述人的形容詞：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy.

　　例 Its kind of you to help me with the problem.

　　(3) It替代作主語的動名詞的常見句型

　　Its no good/use doing

　　Its (well)worth doing

　　Its (well)worth ones while doing/to do

　　Its (well)worth while doing/ to do

　　例 Its no use crying over spilt milk.

　　2. It替代作主語的從句常見句型

　　(1) It is + noun +從句

　　例 It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office.

　　(2) It is adj. +clause

　　Its surprising that (should)竟然

　　Its a pity/shame that(should)竟然

　　例 Its important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=Its of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.)

　　(3) It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause

　　It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze

　　/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that

　　例 It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.)

　　(4) It verb (to sb.) that= sb/sth verb to do

　　(verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out)

　　例 It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.)

　　(5) It is v-ed that=sb/sth is to do

　　(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know)

　　例 It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.)

　　(6) It is v-ed that (should)

　　(verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend

　　例 It is suggested that they should begin with the third question.

　　三、It作主語的句型

　　1. It takes sb. to do(=sb takesto do)某人用多長時間做某事

　　例 It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend our roof.)

　　2. Its (just)(un)like sb. to do(不)像某人做某事的風(fēng)格

　　例 It was (just) like him to think of helping us.

　　3. Its (about/high) time that should /v-ed是該做某事的時候了

　　例 Its(about/high) time that we should take action.

　　4. Its the x-th time (that) have v-ed第幾次做某事了

　　例 Its the third time that he has failed the driving test.

　　5. It is/has been since continuous v-ed(延續(xù)性動詞) 某動作已有多長時間不發(fā)生了

　　例 Its 10 years that he lived here

　　6. It was(not) before過(不)了多長時間某動作發(fā)生了

　　例 It was not long before they arrived.

　　四、It 作形式賓語

　　用來替代作賓語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞，而把真正作賓語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞置于句尾。

　　It 作形式賓語的常見句型：

　　1. verb+ it+ adj./noun (for/of) to do/clause (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep)

　　例 I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that youll do the task on your own.

　　2. verb+it+adj./noun (ones) doing (adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no good/worth ones while/a waste of time/money/energy/words) (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep)

　　例 Ill make it worth your while telling me about his secret.

　　3. verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that (should)

　　verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that(should)

　　(verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep)

　　例 I think it important that you (should) attendthe conference.

　　4. verb + it+ as+ noun/adj.+ clause (verb=accept, regard, take, see, view)

　　例 The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.

　　5. v. +it + prep. + that

　　owe it to sb. that把歸功于

　　leave it to sb that把留給某人去做

　　take it for granted that 想當(dāng)然

　　keep it in mind that

　　例 Dont bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out.

　　6. It用在不能直接跟賓語從句的動詞后面，尤其是表示好惡的動詞后，enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, dont mind, be fond of, feel like, see to 賓語從句緊跟it之后

　　例 I hate it you can swim so well and I cant.

　　7. It用在不能直接跟賓語從句的介詞后面，賓語從句緊跟it之后(except that例外)

　　例 Im for it that you will follow their advice.

　　五、強調(diào)句型

　　It is/was+被強調(diào)部分+ that(who) 強調(diào)句型用來強調(diào)謂語動詞以外的任何句子成分。當(dāng)被強調(diào)部分是人時也可以用who。

　　在使用強調(diào)句型時需注意以下幾點：

　　1. 請注意強調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句

　　例 When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity?

　　2. 在強調(diào)原因狀語從句時，只能強調(diào)由because所引導(dǎo)的從句

　　例 It was because he was ill that he didnt come to school yesterday.

　　3. 在強調(diào)not until結(jié)構(gòu)時必須把not與until一起放到被強調(diào)的位置上

　　例 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother.

　　4. 注意強調(diào)句型與定語從句的區(qū)別

　　例 It was at 7 oclock that he came here yesterday.( 強調(diào)句型)

　　It was 7 oclock when he came here yesterday.(定語從句)

　　六、It 常用的固定搭配

　　1. make it

　　(1).在口語當(dāng)中相當(dāng)于succeed,表示：成功、做到、說定、趕上、及時到達

　　例 Its hard to make it to the top in show business.

　　(2).在口語中相當(dāng)于fix the date for,表示約定好時間

　　例 Shall we meet next week?

　　OK. We just make it next Saturday.

　　2. as it is

　　(1).相當(dāng)于in fact, in reality表示事實上，實際情況是

　　例 We had planed to finish the task today, but as it is we probably wont finish it until next week.

　　(2).相當(dāng)于方式狀語從句，表示照原樣

　　例 Leave the table as it is.

　　3. as it were 相當(dāng)于as one might say, that is to say, 表示也就是說，可以說，換句話說

　　例 He is, as it were, a modern Sherlock Holmes.

　　4. if it werent for/if it hadnt been for用來引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣，相當(dāng)于without, or but for, 表示如果不是，要不是

　　例 If it werent for Tom, I wouldnt be alive today.

　　5. thats it

　　(1). 相當(dāng)于Thats all. Thats so much. 表示至此為止，沒有別的了

　　例 You can have one more sweet, and thats it.

　　(2). 相當(dāng)于 Thats right.表示對啦

　　例 I guess the key to the problem is thechoice A

　　Thats it.

　　6. catch it 在口語中，相當(dāng)于be punished/scolded for doing sth. wrong. 表示因做錯事而挨罵，受責(zé)備，受批評，受懲罰

　　例 Well really catch it form our teacher if were late for class again.

　　7. have it

　　(1).相當(dāng)于say, insist表示說，主張，表明，硬說

　　例 Rumour has it that they are getting divorced.

　　(2).相當(dāng)于get to know something,表示了解，知道，獲悉

　　例 I had it from John that she was going abroad.

　　8. have what it takes在口語中，相當(dāng)于be well qualified for, 表示具有成功的條件

　　例 You can take it from me that your daughter has what it takes to be a star.

　　9. so it seems / appears.

　　10. Keep at it! (Dont give up!)相當(dāng)于go on,表示繼續(xù)做，不放棄

　　例 My teacher asked me to keep at it.

　　11. Go it! (Go on!) 拼命干, 莽撞

　　12. Now you have done it! (You have done sth. wrong.)

　　13. Now youll catch it! (Youll be punished.)

　　14. As it happened, 在口語中，相當(dāng)于its a pity that, 表示真不湊巧，真遺憾

　　例 As it happened, they were out.

　　15. As it turned out,在口語中，相當(dāng)于it was found to be in the end, 表示最后被證明是

　　例 As it turned out, his statement was false.