英語語法名詞性從句知識點：怎樣學(xué)好名詞性從句？
【導(dǎo)語】英語語法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因為復(fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時難以記憶。英語網(wǎng)為大家整理了英語語法大全，希望對同學(xué)們的英語語法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在英語網(wǎng)。
名詞性從句，語法書把它講得繁瑣而復(fù)雜。尤其是各種各樣的引導(dǎo)詞，什么從屬連詞啊，連接代詞啊，連接副詞啊，等等，英語初學(xué)者往往記不住甚至混淆不清。其實，只要我們把它們進(jìn)行歸類、對比，就發(fā)現(xiàn)名詞性從句有規(guī)律可循。
顧名思義，名詞性從句就是具有名詞作用的從句。因為它在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語和同位語，所以又分為：主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句四種。其實，我們換個角度來看，名詞性從句一點也不復(fù)雜。
名詞性從句，我們先不考慮它們用何種引導(dǎo)詞來引導(dǎo)。我們只考慮，這些句子如果是簡單句的話，它們是些什么樣的句子?原來就是我們學(xué)過的陳述句、一般疑問句和特殊疑問句啊。因此我們要記住：陳述句用that引導(dǎo)，一般疑問句用whether引導(dǎo)，特殊疑問句用特殊疑問詞(即wh-word)引導(dǎo)。這樣，基本問題就解決了。下面我們用3組例句進(jìn)行講解，每組例句都分別包含一個主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句，這樣歸納看起來是很有意思的。
(一)that引導(dǎo)的各種名詞性從句
1.That our team had won the matchmade us excited.
2. The headmaster saidthat our team had won the match.
3. The fact wasthat our team had won the match.
4. The headmaster announced the newsthat our team had won the match.
【特別提示】
在本組句子中，每句都含有that our team had won the match. 它在句1中作了句子的主語，是主語從句。在句2中作了said的賓語，是賓語從句。在句3中作了was的表語，是表語從句。在句4中作了news的同位語，是同位語從句。
1. that 引導(dǎo)的各種名詞從句，都是陳述一個事實，沒有疑問的含義。而且，that 只起引導(dǎo)作用，本身沒有實際意義。
2. that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句，由于句子較長放在句首顯得頭重腳輕。為了使句子更加勻稱，往往用it形式主語引導(dǎo)。例如：
It is clear that you have made a big mistake in your experiment.
It is a wonder that the wounded soldier is still alive.
3. that 引導(dǎo)的名詞從句，在賓語從句中可以省略，但引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時不可省略。偶爾引導(dǎo)表語從句時，口語中可以省略。例如：The truth is (that) I never been there.
4. 由于that 引導(dǎo)的各種名詞從句，都是陳述一個事實。所以，無論是主語從句還是賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句，其主句中并沒有懸而未決，帶有疑問的意思。因此，賓語從句經(jīng)常和say, think, wish, hope, expect, suppose, see, believe, agree, explain, order, command, suggest, propose, insist, demand, require, declare, announce, know, hear, feel, imagine, notice, prefer, find, report, find out, regret, remember, forget, learn, decide, discover等詞連用。同位語從句經(jīng)常和fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, promise, order, story, problem, belief, word, message, information, proof, announcement, desire, answer, proposal, advice, condition等名詞連用。
(二)特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的各種名詞性從句
1.Who will attend the meetinghas not been decided.
2. No one knowswho will attend the meeting.
3. My question iswho will attend the meeting.
4. The questionwho will attend the meetingremains to be discussed.
【特別提示】
在本組句子中，每句都含有who will attend the meeting. 它在句1中作了句子的主語，是主語從句。在句2中作了knows的賓語，是賓語從句。在句3中作了is的表語，是表語從句。在句4中作了question的同位語，是同位語從句。
1. 英語中有一種wh-word，也叫特殊疑問詞，因為這些引導(dǎo)詞都含有wh兩個字母。它們是 who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, when, where, how, why, 這些詞均可引導(dǎo)四種名詞性從句，并且這些引導(dǎo)詞仍然具有疑問的含義。
2. 主語從句可以用形式主語it替代，而把主語從句置于句子的最后。如：
It has not been decided who will take the place of the manager.
It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet.
3. 上述例句都使用了wh-word引導(dǎo)各種名詞從句，由于wh-word具有疑問的含義，所以，無論是主語從句還是賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句，其主句也都帶有懸而未決的意思。例如：沒有決定，問題是等等。因此主句中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)這一類詞語：wonder, dont know, no idea, not decided, doubt, question, problem等。
(三)whether引導(dǎo)的各種名詞性從句
1.Whether she will agree with medoesnt matter too much.
2. I wonderwhether she will agree with me.
3. What I want to know iswhether she will agree with me.
4. I have no ideawhether she will agree with me.
【特別提示】
在本組句子中，每句都含有whether she will agree with me. 它在句1中作了句子的主語，是主語從句。在句2中作了wonder的賓語，是賓語從句。在句3中作了is的表語，是表語從句。在句4中作了idea的同位語，是同位語從句。
1. whether 表示是否的含義，它引導(dǎo)的名詞從句具有一般疑問句的特點。作主語時，我們也可用it作形式主語，代替whether從句。例如：It doesnt matter too much whether she will agree with me.
2. if 也有是否的含義，它可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句。例如：I wonder if the conclusion is true.但不能引導(dǎo)主語從句。例如，我們不可以說：If the conclusion is true hasnt been proved.
但若用it作形式主語，則后面可以接if 引導(dǎo)的主語從句，例如：It hasnt been proved if (whether) the conclusion is true. 此外，if 一般不能引導(dǎo)表語從句和同位語從句。
最后，需要補(bǔ)充的是：
1. because也可以引導(dǎo)表語從句，例如： It is just because the public dont know the truth. 這僅僅因為公眾不知道事情的真相。
2. as if (as though)也引導(dǎo)表語從句，此類表語從句常跟在seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等詞之后。
It looks as if it is going to rain.看來要下雨了。
It sounds as though you are from the south of the United States . 聽起來你好像來自美國南部。
3. 介詞后也可跟賓語從句，但不用that引導(dǎo)，一般常用wh-word引導(dǎo)。
I cant agree with what he said.我不同意他所說的話。
I worried about whether I hurt her feelings.我擔(dān)心我是不是傷了她的感情。
4. 一些表示心理感情色彩的形容詞，其后也可跟賓語從句，這時的賓語從句一般理解為主句的原因。這類形容詞有sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied,sorry等。
I am sure that we will make it in spite of the great trouble. 我確信不管困難多大，我們都會取得成功的。
下面是我編寫的一個小故事，語篇中含有各種名詞性從句，請找出來：
Our teacher wondered why Tom had not attended his lessons for a few days. It was said that he had asked for leave. What surprised the teacher most was that Tom was suffering a very serious disease.
His doctor suggested that he should be sent to the hospital for further medical treatment. Tom became relieved when the news that his disease was not deathful was announced last week. However, the problem that he later developed another rare heart disease bothered the doctors and his parents. Yesterday the doctors made the decision that Tom should be operated on in no time. The fact that Toms illness got worse disappointed his parents and all his friends. The doctors hold the belief that the operation might lead to many important scientific breakthroughs.
But then the question came to their minds whether the operation would be successful. Besides that, there was also a different opinion about the question whether Tom and his parents would agree to the operation. Finally, after several discussions, the doctors and Toms parents reached an agreement that the operation would be performed next day.
【參考答案】
1. why Tom had not attended his lessons for a few days (賓語從句)
2. that he had asked for leave(主語從句)
3. What surprised the teacher most(主語從句)
4. that Tom was suffering a very serious disease(表語從句)
5. that he should be sent to the hospital for further medical treatment(賓語從句)
6. that his disease was not deathful(同位語從句)
7. that he later developed a serious heart disease(同位語從句)
8. that Tom should be operated on in no time(同位語從句)
9. that Toms illness got worse(同位語從句)
10. that the operation might lead to many important scientific breakthroughs(同位語從句)
11. whether the operation would be fully successful(同位語從句)
12. whether Tom and his parents would agree to the operation(同位語從句)
13. that the operation would be performed next day(同位語從句)
【導(dǎo)語】英語語法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因為復(fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時難以記憶。英語網(wǎng)為大家整理了英語語法大全，希望對同學(xué)們的英語語法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在英語網(wǎng)。
名詞性從句，語法書把它講得繁瑣而復(fù)雜。尤其是各種各樣的引導(dǎo)詞，什么從屬連詞啊，連接代詞啊，連接副詞啊，等等，英語初學(xué)者往往記不住甚至混淆不清。其實，只要我們把它們進(jìn)行歸類、對比，就發(fā)現(xiàn)名詞性從句有規(guī)律可循。
顧名思義，名詞性從句就是具有名詞作用的從句。因為它在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語和同位語，所以又分為：主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句四種。其實，我們換個角度來看，名詞性從句一點也不復(fù)雜。
名詞性從句，我們先不考慮它們用何種引導(dǎo)詞來引導(dǎo)。我們只考慮，這些句子如果是簡單句的話，它們是些什么樣的句子?原來就是我們學(xué)過的陳述句、一般疑問句和特殊疑問句啊。因此我們要記?。宏愂鼍溆胻hat引導(dǎo)，一般疑問句用whether引導(dǎo)，特殊疑問句用特殊疑問詞(即wh-word)引導(dǎo)。這樣，基本問題就解決了。下面我們用3組例句進(jìn)行講解，每組例句都分別包含一個主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句，這樣歸納看起來是很有意思的。
(一)that引導(dǎo)的各種名詞性從句
1.That our team had won the matchmade us excited.
2. The headmaster saidthat our team had won the match.
3. The fact wasthat our team had won the match.
4. The headmaster announced the newsthat our team had won the match.
【特別提示】
在本組句子中，每句都含有that our team had won the match. 它在句1中作了句子的主語，是主語從句。在句2中作了said的賓語，是賓語從句。在句3中作了was的表語，是表語從句。在句4中作了news的同位語，是同位語從句。
1. that 引導(dǎo)的各種名詞從句，都是陳述一個事實，沒有疑問的含義。而且，that 只起引導(dǎo)作用，本身沒有實際意義。
2. that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句，由于句子較長放在句首顯得頭重腳輕。為了使句子更加勻稱，往往用it形式主語引導(dǎo)。例如：
It is clear that you have made a big mistake in your experiment.
It is a wonder that the wounded soldier is still alive.
3. that 引導(dǎo)的名詞從句，在賓語從句中可以省略，但引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時不可省略。偶爾引導(dǎo)表語從句時，口語中可以省略。例如：The truth is (that) I never been there.
4. 由于that 引導(dǎo)的各種名詞從句，都是陳述一個事實。所以，無論是主語從句還是賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句，其主句中并沒有懸而未決，帶有疑問的意思。因此，賓語從句經(jīng)常和say, think, wish, hope, expect, suppose, see, believe, agree, explain, order, command, suggest, propose, insist, demand, require, declare, announce, know, hear, feel, imagine, notice, prefer, find, report, find out, regret, remember, forget, learn, decide, discover等詞連用。同位語從句經(jīng)常和fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, promise, order, story, problem, belief, word, message, information, proof, announcement, desire, answer, proposal, advice, condition等名詞連用。
(二)特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的各種名詞性從句
1.Who will attend the meetinghas not been decided.
2. No one knowswho will attend the meeting.
3. My question iswho will attend the meeting.
4. The questionwho will attend the meetingremains to be discussed.
【特別提示】
在本組句子中，每句都含有who will attend the meeting. 它在句1中作了句子的主語，是主語從句。在句2中作了knows的賓語，是賓語從句。在句3中作了is的表語，是表語從句。在句4中作了question的同位語，是同位語從句。
1. 英語中有一種wh-word，也叫特殊疑問詞，因為這些引導(dǎo)詞都含有wh兩個字母。它們是 who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, when, where, how, why, 這些詞均可引導(dǎo)四種名詞性從句，并且這些引導(dǎo)詞仍然具有疑問的含義。
2. 主語從句可以用形式主語it替代，而把主語從句置于句子的最后。如：
It has not been decided who will take the place of the manager.
It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet.
3. 上述例句都使用了wh-word引導(dǎo)各種名詞從句，由于wh-word具有疑問的含義，所以，無論是主語從句還是賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句，其主句也都帶有懸而未決的意思。例如：沒有決定，問題是等等。因此主句中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)這一類詞語：wonder, dont know, no idea, not decided, doubt, question, problem等。
(三)whether引導(dǎo)的各種名詞性從句
1.Whether she will agree with medoesnt matter too much.
2. I wonderwhether she will agree with me.
3. What I want to know iswhether she will agree with me.
4. I have no ideawhether she will agree with me.
【特別提示】
在本組句子中，每句都含有whether she will agree with me. 它在句1中作了句子的主語，是主語從句。在句2中作了wonder的賓語，是賓語從句。在句3中作了is的表語，是表語從句。在句4中作了idea的同位語，是同位語從句。
1. whether 表示是否的含義，它引導(dǎo)的名詞從句具有一般疑問句的特點。作主語時，我們也可用it作形式主語，代替whether從句。例如：It doesnt matter too much whether she will agree with me.
2. if 也有是否的含義，它可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句。例如：I wonder if the conclusion is true.但不能引導(dǎo)主語從句。例如，我們不可以說：If the conclusion is true hasnt been proved.
但若用it作形式主語，則后面可以接if 引導(dǎo)的主語從句，例如：It hasnt been proved if (whether) the conclusion is true. 此外，if 一般不能引導(dǎo)表語從句和同位語從句。
最后，需要補(bǔ)充的是：
1. because也可以引導(dǎo)表語從句，例如： It is just because the public dont know the truth. 這僅僅因為公眾不知道事情的真相。
2. as if (as though)也引導(dǎo)表語從句，此類表語從句常跟在seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等詞之后。
It looks as if it is going to rain.看來要下雨了。
It sounds as though you are from the south of the United States . 聽起來你好像來自美國南部。
3. 介詞后也可跟賓語從句，但不用that引導(dǎo)，一般常用wh-word引導(dǎo)。
I cant agree with what he said.我不同意他所說的話。
I worried about whether I hurt her feelings.我擔(dān)心我是不是傷了她的感情。
4. 一些表示心理感情色彩的形容詞，其后也可跟賓語從句，這時的賓語從句一般理解為主句的原因。這類形容詞有sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied,sorry等。
I am sure that we will make it in spite of the great trouble. 我確信不管困難多大，我們都會取得成功的。
下面是我編寫的一個小故事，語篇中含有各種名詞性從句，請找出來：
Our teacher wondered why Tom had not attended his lessons for a few days. It was said that he had asked for leave. What surprised the teacher most was that Tom was suffering a very serious disease.
His doctor suggested that he should be sent to the hospital for further medical treatment. Tom became relieved when the news that his disease was not deathful was announced last week. However, the problem that he later developed another rare heart disease bothered the doctors and his parents. Yesterday the doctors made the decision that Tom should be operated on in no time. The fact that Toms illness got worse disappointed his parents and all his friends. The doctors hold the belief that the operation might lead to many important scientific breakthroughs.
But then the question came to their minds whether the operation would be successful. Besides that, there was also a different opinion about the question whether Tom and his parents would agree to the operation. Finally, after several discussions, the doctors and Toms parents reached an agreement that the operation would be performed next day.
【參考答案】
1. why Tom had not attended his lessons for a few days (賓語從句)
2. that he had asked for leave(主語從句)
3. What surprised the teacher most(主語從句)
4. that Tom was suffering a very serious disease(表語從句)
5. that he should be sent to the hospital for further medical treatment(賓語從句)
6. that his disease was not deathful(同位語從句)
7. that he later developed a serious heart disease(同位語從句)
8. that Tom should be operated on in no time(同位語從句)
9. that Toms illness got worse(同位語從句)
10. that the operation might lead to many important scientific breakthroughs(同位語從句)
11. whether the operation would be fully successful(同位語從句)
12. whether Tom and his parents would agree to the operation(同位語從句)
13. that the operation would be performed next day(同位語從句)
