GRE寫作提綱舉例指導（17）
17There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even mo re importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws.
同意要遵守公正法律，反對不公正法律，但也有一些法律很難區分公正與否
1、法律是維護社會秩序的工具，只有遵守法律才能維持社會公平
criminal law can deal with murder, theft, adultery , or the like; economical law provides a rule for economic activity and settles the dispute between both sides of the trade; tax law makes sure that tax is handed in according to the tax standard.
2、當法律傷害大部分人利益的時候，是不公正的，要反對
Hitler made a series of laws which could be treated as unjust laws. Under the control of Hitler and his laws, mass of the Jews were killed optionally as he liked, and no justice any more then. Still, warm hearted people in German would like to disobey the laws and hide the Jews in their house. More and more people including several judges began to resist the laws in spite of the miserable results followed.If it were not for the resisting of people to th e laws and Hitler, no succ ess would be reached.
3、但是現代社會中也有一些法律很難區分公正與否，立法者需要控制好平衡，交通事故 如果大家都被動地遵守，勢必要犧牲一部分人的利益;如果每個人都根據自己的利益決定是否要遵守，會導致社會混亂;所要立法者主持公道
有兩種法律：公正的和不公正的。社會中的每個人都有責任遵守公正的法律，更重要的是，不遵守和抵制不公正的法律。
The argument that people in a society sh ould obey just law and disobey unjust law seems relatively sound, while after considering the intricate definition of law, the statement above is oversimplify the influence of the law upon the human world.
1、 首先，把法律歸類為正義和非正義太過于簡單 克隆、原子彈
2、 法律并不像人們想象的那樣是一成不變的
3、 首先，正義的概念是隨著傳統和其他條件而變的 價值觀：墮胎 abortion
4、 同樣的非正義也是隨著因素而改變的 時間：違抗政府的命令;電腦犯罪
5、 同樣的過分強調人們遵守正義和抵制非正義的東西，也會造成一些問題 首先，阻礙社會民主進程 其次，忽略了傳統價值觀念在社會中的作用
In summary, as one of the crucial elements of modern society, the laws have to be served as the guidance for almost all the citizens to live and work in a right way and also provide them with a stabilized climate.
ISSUE17
遵守公正法律，抵抗不公正
1 法律，which 用來維持社會的秩序和規范人們行為，沒有絕對的公平。第一，很多法律不存在是否公平，僅僅用來定義，以方便其他條款的敘述。比如什么是成年人，什么是兒童，什么是死亡等等;另一方面，公正是一個主觀詞語，不同的價值觀看到的是不同的法律。比如死刑在某些國家來看是不可容忍的，因為任何人無權剝奪其他人生命;而在另一些國家來說，他們的價值觀認為殺人必須進行償命。所以說，法律的公正與否與價值觀有很大關系。
2 法律的公正也與當事人的利益有關。幾乎沒有一個法律的判決或者懲罰是另 plaintiff 和defendant完全滿意的，那么不滿意的一方必然會覺得法律不公正。比如，在交通事故中，法院根據法律條款要求被告賠償原告 1000dollars ，被告覺得太多不能接受，那么他自然會覺得法律不公平。這種不公平是無法消除的，它在不同人的 mind里不同。如果這種情況下，被告因為所謂的不公平而拒絕進行給錢，那么等待他的是更嚴厲的判罰，法律是不允許違背的。所以說，對于不公正的法律不能夠用抵抗的方法進行抗議。
3 在民主國家里，對于你認為不公平的法律，不管是不是真的不公平，你可以采用合法合理的手段來進行抗議。比如要求重新審理，或者引起媒體和學者們的注意，從而引起社會的廣泛關注。當政府收到廣泛的壓力后自然就會重新研究該項條款，進行修改。這樣的反抗既沒有違法，有可以達到很好的效果
17 有兩種法律：公平的和不公平的。社會中的每個人都應該遵守公平的法律，更重要的是，不遵守或者違抗不公平的法律。
1-法律的正義不正義沒有絕對的定義 is rarely a straight forward issue
很多法律沒什么正義不正義
法律的一項功能：keep everything in order
比如：未滿十六歲喝酒，吸煙
未滿十八歲進網吧
未滿二十二歲不能結婚 法定年齡 legal age: The age at which a person may by law assume the rights and responsibilities of an adult.
1)在不同觀念和文化中不同
法律的功能：to govern a society , control the behavior of its members
比如：該不該判死刑 death penalty
口香糖 chewing gum
安樂死 euthanasia
2 )在不同利益者中不同
法律的一項功能是和平解決糾紛 resolve disputes peacefully
This is especially true when it comes to personal affairs.
Even in a well-ordered society, people have disagreements and conflicts arise. The law must provide a way to resolve these disputes peacefully. If two people claim to ow n the same piece of property, we do not want the matter settled by a duel: we turn to the law and to institutions like the courts to decide who is the real owner and to make sure that the real owners rights are respected.
有爭議就有利益糾紛，而爭議永遠存在。有審判就有滿意不滿意，just unjust 在兩方定義不同。
2-法律不遵守，disobedience 會帶來危害 poses certain risks , jeopardize to
比如：交通左右
Driving would be dangerous and chaotic.
法律和風俗思想情感不同：
Laws resemble morality because they are designed to control or alter our behavior. But unlike rules of morality, laws are enforced by the courts; if you break a lawwhether you like that law or notyou may be forced to pay a fine, pay damages, or go to prison.
在民主社會中，法律的作用是。但是法律有時候可以被認為是 just 和unjust的。
對于不同的利益群體來說，比如污染環境的工廠，環境保護法要求進行污染治理，增加的成本造成工資下降和失業，工人利益因為法律而收到損害，認為法律 unjust，而周圍的居民則認為法律是 just
對不同文化背景和宗教背景的人來說。比如剛移民到美國的亞洲人，也許在教育孩子時侯有點暴力是可以的，但是當地人肯定認為這是家庭暴力。被法律懲罰的亞洲父母認為法律是 unjust
但是法律不僅僅規定了行為，還給了合法的途徑去改變，廢除法律。如果 disobey 和resist ，只能降低法律權威和造成非理智的沖突，危害社會穩定，舉剛才工廠的例子，村民與工人的沖突。
【題目】
There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws.
【翻譯】
有兩種法律：公正的和不公正的。每個社會成員都有責任遵守公正的法律，但是更重要的是，更應該不遵守和反抗不公正的法律。
【提綱】
1、我們應當自覺遵守維護法律秩序，特別是公正的法律，用以維護社會的秩序，這樣一方面能夠維護社會的秩序，例如交通法規，另一方面通過約束他人保障公民自己的權利
2、對于不公正的法律，我們更應該不遵守或者反抗以保證維護的正義，例如希特勒二戰期間屠殺猶太人的法律
3、然而，在實際生活中，由于價值觀的不同，我們很難正確辨別哪些法律是不公正的法律，如對于安樂死和死刑，不同國家法律有不同的規定
4、結論，在可辨認的前提下，我們要堅決遵守公正法律抵制不公正的法律
公正和不公正的法律
一、Can we?不行。不同意，for reasons having to do with subjective definition of justice, the ideal form of laws, and the principle of legislation.
二、公正是不好說的Fairness, a subjective judgm ent, can never be the standard of a law because everyone has a distinctive measure.
1.每個人都有 value system ，priorities. 殺人犯, abortion
2.不可能 gratify每個人, emotional, radical, chaos
三、法律理想的狀態
1.如果滿足每個人，將不再滿足抽象性。滿足每個人 unilateral 意味著ruin the integrity 和practicality
2. 個人 judgment 不能帶代表全部，盡管他 cries for justice
四、涉及到法律的原則性問題 bills are voted by the majority and after their pass, everyone is equal, which is the base of any democratic society.
1.法案是多數人通過的，且它通過以后，法律面前人人平等。這樣使得人們德權利得到保護，不同于奴隸封建社會，權威想干什么就干什么
2.Resist 意味著賦予某人 privilege，破壞法律的平等性
3. erudite 的Socrates
17T There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws.
有兩種法律：公平的和不公平的。社會中的每個人都應該遵守公平的法律，更重要的是，應該不遵守或者違抗不公平的法律兩個assertion
①把法律分為公平的和不公平的過于簡單。有很多內容沒有包括。如：網絡犯罪
②對于公平和不公平的定義在變化。如：是否應有死刑 ， euthanasia
③對第二個assertion: 確實要遵守公平的 Undoubtedly, every citizen should obey just laws, which preconditions a stable and orderly society.
④對不公平的要看情況， 可以反抗，同時也促進法律進步。Yet it is more important for individuals to resist unjust laws, for doing so will help improve the legal system of a nation.不合作主義 civil disobedience Laws and regulations are set up along with the entr enchment of a government serving as a means to control the country.
Since laws are built up under the power of government, which represents the public interest whereas run by a few individuals, it is qu ite possible that laws are constituted in the name of representing the majority while on the contrary in a few individuals favor.
Facing unjust laws, every individual has the very responsibility to re sist them.
No matter that whether every individual could reach an agreement on unjust or not, one point is important that we should put forward our opinions toward unjust laws.
17There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even mo re importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws.
同意要遵守公正法律，反對不公正法律，但也有一些法律很難區分公正與否
1、法律是維護社會秩序的工具，只有遵守法律才能維持社會公平
criminal law can deal with murder, theft, adultery , or the like; economical law provides a rule for economic activity and settles the dispute between both sides of the trade; tax law makes sure that tax is handed in according to the tax standard.
2、當法律傷害大部分人利益的時候，是不公正的，要反對
Hitler made a series of laws which could be treated as unjust laws. Under the control of Hitler and his laws, mass of the Jews were killed optionally as he liked, and no justice any more then. Still, warm hearted people in German would like to disobey the laws and hide the Jews in their house. More and more people including several judges began to resist the laws in spite of the miserable results followed.If it were not for the resisting of people to th e laws and Hitler, no succ ess would be reached.
3、但是現代社會中也有一些法律很難區分公正與否，立法者需要控制好平衡，交通事故 如果大家都被動地遵守，勢必要犧牲一部分人的利益;如果每個人都根據自己的利益決定是否要遵守，會導致社會混亂;所要立法者主持公道
有兩種法律：公正的和不公正的。社會中的每個人都有責任遵守公正的法律，更重要的是，不遵守和抵制不公正的法律。
The argument that people in a society sh ould obey just law and disobey unjust law seems relatively sound, while after considering the intricate definition of law, the statement above is oversimplify the influence of the law upon the human world.
1、 首先，把法律歸類為正義和非正義太過于簡單 克隆、原子彈
2、 法律并不像人們想象的那樣是一成不變的
3、 首先，正義的概念是隨著傳統和其他條件而變的 價值觀：墮胎 abortion
4、 同樣的非正義也是隨著因素而改變的 時間：違抗政府的命令;電腦犯罪
5、 同樣的過分強調人們遵守正義和抵制非正義的東西，也會造成一些問題 首先，阻礙社會民主進程 其次，忽略了傳統價值觀念在社會中的作用
In summary, as one of the crucial elements of modern society, the laws have to be served as the guidance for almost all the citizens to live and work in a right way and also provide them with a stabilized climate.
ISSUE17
遵守公正法律，抵抗不公正
1 法律，which 用來維持社會的秩序和規范人們行為，沒有絕對的公平。第一，很多法律不存在是否公平，僅僅用來定義，以方便其他條款的敘述。比如什么是成年人，什么是兒童，什么是死亡等等;另一方面，公正是一個主觀詞語，不同的價值觀看到的是不同的法律。比如死刑在某些國家來看是不可容忍的，因為任何人無權剝奪其他人生命;而在另一些國家來說，他們的價值觀認為殺人必須進行償命。所以說，法律的公正與否與價值觀有很大關系。
2 法律的公正也與當事人的利益有關。幾乎沒有一個法律的判決或者懲罰是另 plaintiff 和defendant完全滿意的，那么不滿意的一方必然會覺得法律不公正。比如，在交通事故中，法院根據法律條款要求被告賠償原告 1000dollars ，被告覺得太多不能接受，那么他自然會覺得法律不公平。這種不公平是無法消除的，它在不同人的 mind里不同。如果這種情況下，被告因為所謂的不公平而拒絕進行給錢，那么等待他的是更嚴厲的判罰，法律是不允許違背的。所以說，對于不公正的法律不能夠用抵抗的方法進行抗議。
3 在民主國家里，對于你認為不公平的法律，不管是不是真的不公平，你可以采用合法合理的手段來進行抗議。比如要求重新審理，或者引起媒體和學者們的注意，從而引起社會的廣泛關注。當政府收到廣泛的壓力后自然就會重新研究該項條款，進行修改。這樣的反抗既沒有違法，有可以達到很好的效果
17 有兩種法律：公平的和不公平的。社會中的每個人都應該遵守公平的法律，更重要的是，不遵守或者違抗不公平的法律。
1-法律的正義不正義沒有絕對的定義 is rarely a straight forward issue
很多法律沒什么正義不正義
法律的一項功能：keep everything in order
比如：未滿十六歲喝酒，吸煙
未滿十八歲進網吧
未滿二十二歲不能結婚 法定年齡 legal age: The age at which a person may by law assume the rights and responsibilities of an adult.
1)在不同觀念和文化中不同
法律的功能：to govern a society , control the behavior of its members
比如：該不該判死刑 death penalty
口香糖 chewing gum
安樂死 euthanasia
2 )在不同利益者中不同
法律的一項功能是和平解決糾紛 resolve disputes peacefully
This is especially true when it comes to personal affairs.
Even in a well-ordered society, people have disagreements and conflicts arise. The law must provide a way to resolve these disputes peacefully. If two people claim to ow n the same piece of property, we do not want the matter settled by a duel: we turn to the law and to institutions like the courts to decide who is the real owner and to make sure that the real owners rights are respected.
有爭議就有利益糾紛，而爭議永遠存在。有審判就有滿意不滿意，just unjust 在兩方定義不同。
2-法律不遵守，disobedience 會帶來危害 poses certain risks , jeopardize to
比如：交通左右
Driving would be dangerous and chaotic.
法律和風俗思想情感不同：
Laws resemble morality because they are designed to control or alter our behavior. But unlike rules of morality, laws are enforced by the courts; if you break a lawwhether you like that law or notyou may be forced to pay a fine, pay damages, or go to prison.
在民主社會中，法律的作用是。但是法律有時候可以被認為是 just 和unjust的。
對于不同的利益群體來說，比如污染環境的工廠，環境保護法要求進行污染治理，增加的成本造成工資下降和失業，工人利益因為法律而收到損害，認為法律 unjust，而周圍的居民則認為法律是 just
對不同文化背景和宗教背景的人來說。比如剛移民到美國的亞洲人，也許在教育孩子時侯有點暴力是可以的，但是當地人肯定認為這是家庭暴力。被法律懲罰的亞洲父母認為法律是 unjust
但是法律不僅僅規定了行為，還給了合法的途徑去改變，廢除法律。如果 disobey 和resist ，只能降低法律權威和造成非理智的沖突，危害社會穩定，舉剛才工廠的例子，村民與工人的沖突。
【題目】
There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws.
【翻譯】
有兩種法律：公正的和不公正的。每個社會成員都有責任遵守公正的法律，但是更重要的是，更應該不遵守和反抗不公正的法律。
【提綱】
1、我們應當自覺遵守維護法律秩序，特別是公正的法律，用以維護社會的秩序，這樣一方面能夠維護社會的秩序，例如交通法規，另一方面通過約束他人保障公民自己的權利
2、對于不公正的法律，我們更應該不遵守或者反抗以保證維護的正義，例如希特勒二戰期間屠殺猶太人的法律
3、然而，在實際生活中，由于價值觀的不同，我們很難正確辨別哪些法律是不公正的法律，如對于安樂死和死刑，不同國家法律有不同的規定
4、結論，在可辨認的前提下，我們要堅決遵守公正法律抵制不公正的法律
公正和不公正的法律
一、Can we?不行。不同意，for reasons having to do with subjective definition of justice, the ideal form of laws, and the principle of legislation.
二、公正是不好說的Fairness, a subjective judgm ent, can never be the standard of a law because everyone has a distinctive measure.
1.每個人都有 value system ，priorities. 殺人犯, abortion
2.不可能 gratify每個人, emotional, radical, chaos
三、法律理想的狀態
1.如果滿足每個人，將不再滿足抽象性。滿足每個人 unilateral 意味著ruin the integrity 和practicality
2. 個人 judgment 不能帶代表全部，盡管他 cries for justice
四、涉及到法律的原則性問題 bills are voted by the majority and after their pass, everyone is equal, which is the base of any democratic society.
1.法案是多數人通過的，且它通過以后，法律面前人人平等。這樣使得人們德權利得到保護，不同于奴隸封建社會，權威想干什么就干什么
2.Resist 意味著賦予某人 privilege，破壞法律的平等性
3. erudite 的Socrates
17T There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws.
有兩種法律：公平的和不公平的。社會中的每個人都應該遵守公平的法律，更重要的是，應該不遵守或者違抗不公平的法律兩個assertion
①把法律分為公平的和不公平的過于簡單。有很多內容沒有包括。如：網絡犯罪
②對于公平和不公平的定義在變化。如：是否應有死刑 ， euthanasia
③對第二個assertion: 確實要遵守公平的 Undoubtedly, every citizen should obey just laws, which preconditions a stable and orderly society.
④對不公平的要看情況， 可以反抗，同時也促進法律進步。Yet it is more important for individuals to resist unjust laws, for doing so will help improve the legal system of a nation.不合作主義 civil disobedience Laws and regulations are set up along with the entr enchment of a government serving as a means to control the country.
Since laws are built up under the power of government, which represents the public interest whereas run by a few individuals, it is qu ite possible that laws are constituted in the name of representing the majority while on the contrary in a few individuals favor.
Facing unjust laws, every individual has the very responsibility to re sist them.
No matter that whether every individual could reach an agreement on unjust or not, one point is important that we should put forward our opinions toward unjust laws.
