歷年GRE閱讀材料中的難句精選100句
61. There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of inappropriate socialrelationships either between those who are involved and those who are not simultaneously involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need，or between those already satiated and those who appear to be shamelessly gorging.
人們?cè)噲D對(duì)這些禁忌作出解釋，所依據(jù)的要么是那些正置身于某一身體需要滿足的人與那些并置身于某一身體需要之滿足的人之間的，要么是那些早已酒足飯飽的人與那些正在不知羞恥地狼吞虎咽失之間的不相稱的社會(huì)關(guān)系。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、省略
解釋：前面的主架構(gòu)There have been attempts to explain these taboos很簡(jiǎn)單，從in terms of inappropriate social relationships開始句子變難，ralationship后面跟著一個(gè)一直延續(xù)到句末的長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的修飾成分，其中有兩個(gè)固定搭配，eitheror和betweenand，不但如此，原文把這兩個(gè)搭配又套在一起，變成了either betweenand,or betweenand;再加上每一個(gè)betweenand之后都是those who這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，就愈發(fā)令人眼花繚亂了。
意群訓(xùn)練：There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of inappropriate socialrelationships either between those who are involved and those who are not simultaneously involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need，or between those already satiated and those who appear to be shamelessly gorging.
62. Many critics of Family Brontes novel Wuthering Heights see its second part as a counterpoint that comments on，if it does not reverse，the first part，where a romantic reading receives more confirmation.
研究艾米麗。勃朗特小說《呼嘯山莊》的許多文學(xué)評(píng)論家，將小說的第二部分視作一種對(duì)比物，即使沒有將第一部分予以逆轉(zhuǎn)的話，也是在對(duì)第一部分作出一種詮釋評(píng)判，而在小說第一部分中，一種浪漫的的讀解能獲得更為充分的確證。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語
解釋：上面的翻譯中為了符合中文習(xí)慣不得不把修飾the first part的where引導(dǎo)的定語從句翻譯到中括號(hào)以外。本句主要難在兩個(gè)地方，一個(gè)是插入語if it does not reverse如何理解，另一個(gè)是counterpoint的意思是什么。產(chǎn)生，插入語的位置比較討厭，把comments on the first part這樣一個(gè)連貫的說法割成兩段，增加了閱讀的難度。而且它的意思容易理解錯(cuò);if既可以理解成如果的意思，也可以理解成即使的意思。如果理解成即使的意思，則上下文的意思則要理解成即使不反對(duì)第一部分，也要給予第一部分一個(gè)負(fù)面的評(píng)論。然而此處不能這樣理解，因?yàn)閠hat之前的counterpoint的意思不是相反、對(duì)立，而是指和諧的組成部分的意思。這個(gè)詞來源于一個(gè)音樂術(shù)語，指音樂中的對(duì)位法、旋律配合，引伸為形容兩個(gè)不同的東西彼此和諧一致，同義詞是harmony。因此文中的if it does not reverse的意思是假如不反對(duì)第一部分，則是與第一部分和諧一致的評(píng)論的意思。這種情況下，插入語純屬?gòu)U話。
意群訓(xùn)練：Many critics of Family Brontes novel Wuthering Heights see its second part as a counterpoint that comments on，if it does not reverse，the first part，where a romantic reading receives more confirmation.
63. Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue an authorial awareness of novelistic construction comparable to that of Henry James， their presence does encourage attempts to unify the novels heterogeneous parts.
誠(chéng)然，這些因素的存在并不能證明作者對(duì)小說架構(gòu)的意識(shí)可與亨利。詹姆斯的那種意識(shí)相比擬;然則，任何力圖將小說所有形形色色的因素統(tǒng)一起來的做法，在某種程度上注定是無法令人信服的。 Granted that:大家都統(tǒng)一、當(dāng)然，表讓步，=admitted , of course.
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、抽象詞
解釋：本句的結(jié)構(gòu)固然復(fù)雜，但造成最大的閱讀難度的，主要還是對(duì)一些抽象詞的理解。正面是對(duì)一些關(guān)鍵詞匯的解釋：
Granted that出現(xiàn)在句首，其意思是大家都同意、當(dāng)然，實(shí)際上是一種讓步語氣，等于admitted,of course。
Need not argue中的argue在此不是表示常用的那個(gè)辯論、爭(zhēng)論的意思，而是表示意味著或證實(shí)的意思，其同義詞是maintain或prove。
Camparable的詞義有兩個(gè)，除了讀者熟悉的that can be compared之外，還有一個(gè)意思是worthy of comparison，其同義詞是as good as。本文中用的是后面的那個(gè)意思，對(duì)于這個(gè)詞義的理解，后面的第18題考到了。
意群訓(xùn)練：Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue an authorial awareness of novelistic construction comparable to that of Henry James， their presence does encourage attempts to unify the novels heterogeneous parts.
64. This is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis，but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power that，ultimately，resist inclusion in an all-encompassing interpretation.
這倒不是因?yàn)檫@樣的一種解釋必定會(huì)僵化成為一個(gè)命題，而是因?yàn)椤逗魢[山莊》擁有一些極難駕御的因素，以其無可辯駁的力度，最終拒絕被囿于一個(gè)囊括無遺的解釋中。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、抽象詞
解釋：本句的兩個(gè)插入語雖然有一些干擾性，但是最為主要的難點(diǎn)在于成批出現(xiàn)的抽象詞，如interpretation/necessarily/stiffen/thesis/rigidity/recalcitrant/element/undeniable/power/ultimately/resist/inclusion/all-encompassing等。據(jù)筆者估測(cè)，對(duì)于初學(xué)GRE或GMAT的學(xué)習(xí)者而言，在一句話中出現(xiàn)了三個(gè)心上的抽象詞就會(huì)使閱讀理解造成障礙，而這句話中出現(xiàn)了十三個(gè)這樣的單詞，讀不懂也不足為怪。
訓(xùn)練：This is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis，but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power that，ultimately，resist inclusion in an all-encompassing interpretation.
65. The isotopic composition of lead often varies from one source of common copper ore to another，with variations exceeding the measurement error;and preliminary studies indicatevirtually uniform is topic composition of the lead from a single copper-ore source.
鉛的同位素構(gòu)成經(jīng)常在一種普通銅礦石來源與另一種銅礦石來源之間存在差異，其差異程度超出測(cè)量誤差;而最初的研究表明，對(duì)于來自單獨(dú)一個(gè)銅礦石來源的鉛來說，其同位素構(gòu)成幾乎是毫無二致的。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、專業(yè)抽象詞
解釋：本句是一個(gè)怪異的現(xiàn)象的典型例子：句子的結(jié)構(gòu)談不上復(fù)雜，所用單詞也不難，但是除非讀者有理工科的科研背景，否則句子雖然能夠得讀下來，但是卻搞不清句子說的是什么意思。首先，句子中出現(xiàn)的一些詞匯雖然也都比較常見，但是在理科文章中出現(xiàn)，就有了專有名詞的意味，同時(shí)還帶有很抽象的學(xué)術(shù)含義，筆者稱之為專業(yè)抽象詞，如isotopic composition;source;variation;measurement error;preliminary study等。認(rèn)識(shí)這些單詞，并不意味著懂得它們?cè)谖恼碌囊饬x和作用。比如說measurement error，大家都可以望文生義地理解成測(cè)量錯(cuò)誤、測(cè)量誤差，但是在對(duì)文章的閱讀中這種字面上的理解是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。其實(shí)此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的并不是測(cè)量中出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤和毛病，而是指那些每次測(cè)量都會(huì)發(fā)生的、永遠(yuǎn)也無法避免的、在測(cè)量值和實(shí)際值之間的正常的差異。因此，本句話的真實(shí)含義也難以理解。句子只是羅列了一堆事實(shí)，而作者真正想說的意思是什么呢?其實(shí)variations exceeding the measurement error的言外之意是這些不同variations是真正有意義的不同，而不是試驗(yàn)的誤差;那么不同礦源的銅礦的鉛同位素成分真的不同，相同的礦源的鉛同位素幾乎相同，就意味著我們可以通過測(cè)量鉛同位素的成分來確定銅礦的礦源。
意群訓(xùn)練：The isotopic composition of lead often varies from one source of common copper ore to another，with variations exceeding the measurement error;and preliminary studies indicatevirtually uniform is topic composition of the lead from a single copper-ore source.
66. More probable is bird transport，either externally，by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers，or internally，by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds.
更有可能的是鳥類運(yùn)輸：或者是通過外部途徑，即由于種籽偶然粘附在羽毛上;或者是通過內(nèi)部方式，即由于鳥類吞食果子并隨后將種籽排泄出來。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、倒裝
解釋：句首有一個(gè)倒裝，正常語序是bird transport is more probable。后面的句子中由于插入部分的頻繁出現(xiàn)使句子顯得十分凌亂。
意群訓(xùn)練：More probable is bird transport，either externally，by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers，or internally，by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds.
67. A long-held view of the history of English colonies that became the United States has been that Englands policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to a more imperial policy , dominated by expansionist militarist objectives , generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution .
一個(gè)對(duì)于后來成了美國(guó)的英國(guó)殖民地的歷史的長(zhǎng)久以來的觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為英國(guó)在1763年以前對(duì)于這些殖民地的政策被經(jīng)濟(jì)利益所支配，而且認(rèn)為一種向著更大程度帝國(guó)制度的政策上的轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閿U(kuò)張主義的軍事目標(biāo)所左右產(chǎn)生了最終導(dǎo)致美國(guó)革命的緊張氣氛。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語
解釋：主架構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，可是主語和表語從句都不讓人省心。句子的主干其實(shí)就是：A long-held view has been that..。但是主語A long-held view之后卻是修飾它的一個(gè)三層的定語：of the history of the english colonies that became the United States。系動(dòng)詞has been之后所接的表語從句其實(shí)不止一個(gè)，其實(shí)原句是用了and來連接兩個(gè)并列的表語從句，has been thatand has been that。后面的has been照例被省略。
意群訓(xùn)練：A long-held view of the history of English colonies that became the United States has been that Englands policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to a more imperial policy , dominated by expansionist militarist objectives , generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution .
68. It is not known how rare this resemblance is，or whether it is most often seen in inclusions of silicates such as garnet，whose crystallography is generally somewhat similar to that of diamond;but when present，the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are truly cogenetic.
現(xiàn)在尚不知這種類似稀少到何種地步，也不知道是否它最常見于象石榴石一類的硅酸鹽內(nèi)含物中，而這類物質(zhì)的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)普遍地在某種程度上類似于金剛石的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)。但一旦存在，這種類似就被視作極有說服力的證據(jù)，證明金剛石與內(nèi)含物確是同源的。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語
解釋：本句的句子既長(zhǎng)，專有名詞又多，從句層出不窮，故而難懂。在本句中出現(xiàn)的專有名詞中，除了silicates硅酸鹽這個(gè)單詞常常出現(xiàn)于理科文章中，需要記憶之外，其他單詞閱讀現(xiàn)場(chǎng)簡(jiǎn)單處理一番既可：inclusions可以猜出是被包含的物質(zhì);garnet作首字母提煉叫g(shù):crystallography只要能從詞頭推出這個(gè)單詞與晶體有關(guān)即可。
意群訓(xùn)練：It is not known how rare this resemblance is，or whether it is most often seen in inclusions of silicates such as garnet，whose crystallography is generally somewhat similar to that of diamond;but when present，the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are truly cogenetic.
69. Even the radical critiques of this mainstream research model，such as the critique developed in Divided Society，attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to factors of economic and social mobility and are thus unable to illuminate the cultural subordination of Puerto Ricans as a colonial minority.
即使是對(duì)這一主流研究模型的激進(jìn)批評(píng)，諸如《分裂的社會(huì)》一書中所提出的那種批判，亦將少數(shù)民族同化問題過分機(jī)構(gòu)地與經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)移動(dòng)性的因素聯(lián)系起來，因此無從闡明波多黎各人作為一個(gè)殖民地少數(shù)民族的文化從屬關(guān)系。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、省略、抽象詞
解釋：本句實(shí)際上是由and連接的兩個(gè)句子，閱讀的一個(gè)難度在于，and之后省略了they而are thus able to 又與前面離得太遠(yuǎn)，使讀者難以找到主語。
另外，句中的固定搭配attach A to B和illuminate C as D當(dāng)中的A、B、C，全部既長(zhǎng)又抽象，理解起來較為困難。
意群訓(xùn)練：Even the radical critiques of this mainstream research model，such as the critique developed in Divided Society，attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to factors of economic and social mobility and are thus unable to illuminate the cultural subordination of Puerto Ricans as a colonial minority.
70. They are called virtual particles in order to distinguish them from real particles，whose lifetimes are not constrained in the same way，and which can be detected.
它們被稱為虛粒子，以便與實(shí)粒子區(qū)分開來，而實(shí)粒子則不會(huì)以這種方式受到制約，并且其存在可得以測(cè)定。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語
解釋：本句的怪異在于：real particles后面跟著兩個(gè)定語從句，都是同時(shí)修飾real particles的，而且兩個(gè)從句之間不用逗號(hào)隔開，卻又加上and連接，令人一眼看上去極不習(xí)慣。
意群訓(xùn)練：They are called virtual particles in order to distinguish them from real particles，whose lifetimes are not constrained in the same way，and which can be detected.
61. There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of inappropriate socialrelationships either between those who are involved and those who are not simultaneously involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need，or between those already satiated and those who appear to be shamelessly gorging.
人們?cè)噲D對(duì)這些禁忌作出解釋，所依據(jù)的要么是那些正置身于某一身體需要滿足的人與那些并置身于某一身體需要之滿足的人之間的，要么是那些早已酒足飯飽的人與那些正在不知羞恥地狼吞虎咽失之間的不相稱的社會(huì)關(guān)系。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、省略
解釋：前面的主架構(gòu)There have been attempts to explain these taboos很簡(jiǎn)單，從in terms of inappropriate social relationships開始句子變難，ralationship后面跟著一個(gè)一直延續(xù)到句末的長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的修飾成分，其中有兩個(gè)固定搭配，eitheror和betweenand，不但如此，原文把這兩個(gè)搭配又套在一起，變成了either betweenand,or betweenand;再加上每一個(gè)betweenand之后都是those who這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，就愈發(fā)令人眼花繚亂了。
意群訓(xùn)練：There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of inappropriate socialrelationships either between those who are involved and those who are not simultaneously involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need，or between those already satiated and those who appear to be shamelessly gorging.
62. Many critics of Family Brontes novel Wuthering Heights see its second part as a counterpoint that comments on，if it does not reverse，the first part，where a romantic reading receives more confirmation.
研究艾米麗。勃朗特小說《呼嘯山莊》的許多文學(xué)評(píng)論家，將小說的第二部分視作一種對(duì)比物，即使沒有將第一部分予以逆轉(zhuǎn)的話，也是在對(duì)第一部分作出一種詮釋評(píng)判，而在小說第一部分中，一種浪漫的的讀解能獲得更為充分的確證。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語
解釋：上面的翻譯中為了符合中文習(xí)慣不得不把修飾the first part的where引導(dǎo)的定語從句翻譯到中括號(hào)以外。本句主要難在兩個(gè)地方，一個(gè)是插入語if it does not reverse如何理解，另一個(gè)是counterpoint的意思是什么。產(chǎn)生，插入語的位置比較討厭，把comments on the first part這樣一個(gè)連貫的說法割成兩段，增加了閱讀的難度。而且它的意思容易理解錯(cuò);if既可以理解成如果的意思，也可以理解成即使的意思。如果理解成即使的意思，則上下文的意思則要理解成即使不反對(duì)第一部分，也要給予第一部分一個(gè)負(fù)面的評(píng)論。然而此處不能這樣理解，因?yàn)閠hat之前的counterpoint的意思不是相反、對(duì)立，而是指和諧的組成部分的意思。這個(gè)詞來源于一個(gè)音樂術(shù)語，指音樂中的對(duì)位法、旋律配合，引伸為形容兩個(gè)不同的東西彼此和諧一致，同義詞是harmony。因此文中的if it does not reverse的意思是假如不反對(duì)第一部分，則是與第一部分和諧一致的評(píng)論的意思。這種情況下，插入語純屬?gòu)U話。
意群訓(xùn)練：Many critics of Family Brontes novel Wuthering Heights see its second part as a counterpoint that comments on，if it does not reverse，the first part，where a romantic reading receives more confirmation.
63. Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue an authorial awareness of novelistic construction comparable to that of Henry James， their presence does encourage attempts to unify the novels heterogeneous parts.
誠(chéng)然，這些因素的存在并不能證明作者對(duì)小說架構(gòu)的意識(shí)可與亨利。詹姆斯的那種意識(shí)相比擬;然則，任何力圖將小說所有形形色色的因素統(tǒng)一起來的做法，在某種程度上注定是無法令人信服的。 Granted that:大家都統(tǒng)一、當(dāng)然，表讓步，=admitted , of course.
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、抽象詞
解釋：本句的結(jié)構(gòu)固然復(fù)雜，但造成最大的閱讀難度的，主要還是對(duì)一些抽象詞的理解。正面是對(duì)一些關(guān)鍵詞匯的解釋：
Granted that出現(xiàn)在句首，其意思是大家都同意、當(dāng)然，實(shí)際上是一種讓步語氣，等于admitted,of course。
Need not argue中的argue在此不是表示常用的那個(gè)辯論、爭(zhēng)論的意思，而是表示意味著或證實(shí)的意思，其同義詞是maintain或prove。
Camparable的詞義有兩個(gè)，除了讀者熟悉的that can be compared之外，還有一個(gè)意思是worthy of comparison，其同義詞是as good as。本文中用的是后面的那個(gè)意思，對(duì)于這個(gè)詞義的理解，后面的第18題考到了。
意群訓(xùn)練：Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue an authorial awareness of novelistic construction comparable to that of Henry James， their presence does encourage attempts to unify the novels heterogeneous parts.
64. This is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis，but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power that，ultimately，resist inclusion in an all-encompassing interpretation.
這倒不是因?yàn)檫@樣的一種解釋必定會(huì)僵化成為一個(gè)命題，而是因?yàn)椤逗魢[山莊》擁有一些極難駕御的因素，以其無可辯駁的力度，最終拒絕被囿于一個(gè)囊括無遺的解釋中。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、抽象詞
解釋：本句的兩個(gè)插入語雖然有一些干擾性，但是最為主要的難點(diǎn)在于成批出現(xiàn)的抽象詞，如interpretation/necessarily/stiffen/thesis/rigidity/recalcitrant/element/undeniable/power/ultimately/resist/inclusion/all-encompassing等。據(jù)筆者估測(cè)，對(duì)于初學(xué)GRE或GMAT的學(xué)習(xí)者而言，在一句話中出現(xiàn)了三個(gè)心上的抽象詞就會(huì)使閱讀理解造成障礙，而這句話中出現(xiàn)了十三個(gè)這樣的單詞，讀不懂也不足為怪。
訓(xùn)練：This is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis，but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power that，ultimately，resist inclusion in an all-encompassing interpretation.
65. The isotopic composition of lead often varies from one source of common copper ore to another，with variations exceeding the measurement error;and preliminary studies indicatevirtually uniform is topic composition of the lead from a single copper-ore source.
鉛的同位素構(gòu)成經(jīng)常在一種普通銅礦石來源與另一種銅礦石來源之間存在差異，其差異程度超出測(cè)量誤差;而最初的研究表明，對(duì)于來自單獨(dú)一個(gè)銅礦石來源的鉛來說，其同位素構(gòu)成幾乎是毫無二致的。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、專業(yè)抽象詞
解釋：本句是一個(gè)怪異的現(xiàn)象的典型例子：句子的結(jié)構(gòu)談不上復(fù)雜，所用單詞也不難，但是除非讀者有理工科的科研背景，否則句子雖然能夠得讀下來，但是卻搞不清句子說的是什么意思。首先，句子中出現(xiàn)的一些詞匯雖然也都比較常見，但是在理科文章中出現(xiàn)，就有了專有名詞的意味，同時(shí)還帶有很抽象的學(xué)術(shù)含義，筆者稱之為專業(yè)抽象詞，如isotopic composition;source;variation;measurement error;preliminary study等。認(rèn)識(shí)這些單詞，并不意味著懂得它們?cè)谖恼碌囊饬x和作用。比如說measurement error，大家都可以望文生義地理解成測(cè)量錯(cuò)誤、測(cè)量誤差，但是在對(duì)文章的閱讀中這種字面上的理解是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。其實(shí)此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的并不是測(cè)量中出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤和毛病，而是指那些每次測(cè)量都會(huì)發(fā)生的、永遠(yuǎn)也無法避免的、在測(cè)量值和實(shí)際值之間的正常的差異。因此，本句話的真實(shí)含義也難以理解。句子只是羅列了一堆事實(shí)，而作者真正想說的意思是什么呢?其實(shí)variations exceeding the measurement error的言外之意是這些不同variations是真正有意義的不同，而不是試驗(yàn)的誤差;那么不同礦源的銅礦的鉛同位素成分真的不同，相同的礦源的鉛同位素幾乎相同，就意味著我們可以通過測(cè)量鉛同位素的成分來確定銅礦的礦源。
意群訓(xùn)練：The isotopic composition of lead often varies from one source of common copper ore to another，with variations exceeding the measurement error;and preliminary studies indicatevirtually uniform is topic composition of the lead from a single copper-ore source.
66. More probable is bird transport，either externally，by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers，or internally，by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds.
更有可能的是鳥類運(yùn)輸：或者是通過外部途徑，即由于種籽偶然粘附在羽毛上;或者是通過內(nèi)部方式，即由于鳥類吞食果子并隨后將種籽排泄出來。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、倒裝
解釋：句首有一個(gè)倒裝，正常語序是bird transport is more probable。后面的句子中由于插入部分的頻繁出現(xiàn)使句子顯得十分凌亂。
意群訓(xùn)練：More probable is bird transport，either externally，by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers，or internally，by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds.
67. A long-held view of the history of English colonies that became the United States has been that Englands policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to a more imperial policy , dominated by expansionist militarist objectives , generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution .
一個(gè)對(duì)于后來成了美國(guó)的英國(guó)殖民地的歷史的長(zhǎng)久以來的觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為英國(guó)在1763年以前對(duì)于這些殖民地的政策被經(jīng)濟(jì)利益所支配，而且認(rèn)為一種向著更大程度帝國(guó)制度的政策上的轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閿U(kuò)張主義的軍事目標(biāo)所左右產(chǎn)生了最終導(dǎo)致美國(guó)革命的緊張氣氛。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語
解釋：主架構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，可是主語和表語從句都不讓人省心。句子的主干其實(shí)就是：A long-held view has been that..。但是主語A long-held view之后卻是修飾它的一個(gè)三層的定語：of the history of the english colonies that became the United States。系動(dòng)詞has been之后所接的表語從句其實(shí)不止一個(gè)，其實(shí)原句是用了and來連接兩個(gè)并列的表語從句，has been thatand has been that。后面的has been照例被省略。
意群訓(xùn)練：A long-held view of the history of English colonies that became the United States has been that Englands policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to a more imperial policy , dominated by expansionist militarist objectives , generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution .
68. It is not known how rare this resemblance is，or whether it is most often seen in inclusions of silicates such as garnet，whose crystallography is generally somewhat similar to that of diamond;but when present，the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are truly cogenetic.
現(xiàn)在尚不知這種類似稀少到何種地步，也不知道是否它最常見于象石榴石一類的硅酸鹽內(nèi)含物中，而這類物質(zhì)的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)普遍地在某種程度上類似于金剛石的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)。但一旦存在，這種類似就被視作極有說服力的證據(jù)，證明金剛石與內(nèi)含物確是同源的。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語
解釋：本句的句子既長(zhǎng)，專有名詞又多，從句層出不窮，故而難懂。在本句中出現(xiàn)的專有名詞中，除了silicates硅酸鹽這個(gè)單詞常常出現(xiàn)于理科文章中，需要記憶之外，其他單詞閱讀現(xiàn)場(chǎng)簡(jiǎn)單處理一番既可：inclusions可以猜出是被包含的物質(zhì);garnet作首字母提煉叫g(shù):crystallography只要能從詞頭推出這個(gè)單詞與晶體有關(guān)即可。
意群訓(xùn)練：It is not known how rare this resemblance is，or whether it is most often seen in inclusions of silicates such as garnet，whose crystallography is generally somewhat similar to that of diamond;but when present，the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are truly cogenetic.
69. Even the radical critiques of this mainstream research model，such as the critique developed in Divided Society，attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to factors of economic and social mobility and are thus unable to illuminate the cultural subordination of Puerto Ricans as a colonial minority.
即使是對(duì)這一主流研究模型的激進(jìn)批評(píng)，諸如《分裂的社會(huì)》一書中所提出的那種批判，亦將少數(shù)民族同化問題過分機(jī)構(gòu)地與經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)移動(dòng)性的因素聯(lián)系起來，因此無從闡明波多黎各人作為一個(gè)殖民地少數(shù)民族的文化從屬關(guān)系。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、省略、抽象詞
解釋：本句實(shí)際上是由and連接的兩個(gè)句子，閱讀的一個(gè)難度在于，and之后省略了they而are thus able to 又與前面離得太遠(yuǎn)，使讀者難以找到主語。
另外，句中的固定搭配attach A to B和illuminate C as D當(dāng)中的A、B、C，全部既長(zhǎng)又抽象，理解起來較為困難。
意群訓(xùn)練：Even the radical critiques of this mainstream research model，such as the critique developed in Divided Society，attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to factors of economic and social mobility and are thus unable to illuminate the cultural subordination of Puerto Ricans as a colonial minority.
70. They are called virtual particles in order to distinguish them from real particles，whose lifetimes are not constrained in the same way，and which can be detected.
它們被稱為虛粒子，以便與實(shí)粒子區(qū)分開來，而實(shí)粒子則不會(huì)以這種方式受到制約，并且其存在可得以測(cè)定。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語
解釋：本句的怪異在于：real particles后面跟著兩個(gè)定語從句，都是同時(shí)修飾real particles的，而且兩個(gè)從句之間不用逗號(hào)隔開，卻又加上and連接，令人一眼看上去極不習(xí)慣。
意群訓(xùn)練：They are called virtual particles in order to distinguish them from real particles，whose lifetimes are not constrained in the same way，and which can be detected.
