6.The following was written as a part of an application for a small business loan by a group of developers in the city of Monroe.

　　A jazz music club in Monroe would be a tremendously profitable enterprise. Currently, the nearest jazz club is 65 miles away; thus, our proposed club, the C Note, would have the local market all to itself. Plus, jazz is extremely popular in Monroe: over 100,000 people attended Monroes jazz festival last summer, several well-known jazz musicians live in Monroe, and the highest-rated radio program in Monroe is Jazz Nightly, which airs every weeknight. Finally, a nationwide study indicates that the typical jazz fan spends close to $1,000 per year on jazz entertainment. It is clear that the C Note cannot help but make money.

　　A、首先，該全國范圍的調查樣本選取是否足夠隨機，如果不隨機，則調查結果就不能夠得出人均花費$1,000在爵士音樂娛樂上的結論。

　　B、即使該調查足夠隨機，那也是全國范圍的調查結論，對于M地區并不一定成立。M地區的居民花費在爵士音樂娛樂上的錢不足$1,000。正如作者所說，M地區的居民喜歡Jazz Nightly的廣播節目，因此該地區的居民可能更喜歡收聽免費的廣播，而不是去俱樂部等地方進行消費。

　　C、即使M地區的居民也年均花費$1,000在爵士娛樂上，也不一定會去M地區的C Note爵士音樂俱樂部。目前的俱樂部雖然遠，但并不代表人們不去?？赡茉摼銟凡凯h境比較好，爵士音樂純正，人們喜歡去那里。

　　D、即使人們去C Note，也不一定能夠保證C Note能賺錢。利潤等于收入減去成本，而作者忽視了成本中一個很重要且很大的成本品牌成本。C Note創立之初，一定會需要大筆的資金進行品牌宣傳。

　　E、另外，有名的爵士藝人住在M地區，并不代表他們會在M地區進行表演。100,000參加M地區的爵士歡慶，并不能夠說明爵士樂在M地區很受歡迎，人們去那里可能是其他原因，例如追星。即使說明人們喜歡爵士樂，那也是去年夏天了，并不表示今后也是如此。

　　7.The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Clearview newspaper.

　　In the next mayoral election, residents of Clearview should vote for Ann Green, who is a member of the Good Earth Coalition, rather than for Frank Braun, a member of the Clearview town council, because the current members are not protecting our environment. For example, during the past year the number of factories in Clearview has doubled, air pollution levels have increased, and the local hospital has treated 25 percent more patients with respiratory illnesses. If we elect Ann Green, the environmental problems in Clearview will certainly be solved.

　　A、作者并沒有給出呼吸疾病患者的基數。如果基數比較小，那么即使增加少量的人，也會導致增長的比值很大。也是呼吸疾病患者確實大量增加了，也不一定說明是空氣污染造成的。常識告訴我們，氣候變化也可能造成呼吸疾病。

　　B、即使是由于空氣污染造成的，也并不一定是由于C地區的工廠增加導致的?？諝馕廴緪夯赡芎虲地區的氣候變化有關，例如季風的變化，季風變化后可能就帶不走C地區工廠排放的廢氣，造成C地區的廢氣積累。另外，C地區的工廠數增加也存在著基數問題。

　　C、即使是因為C地區的工廠數增加了，導致了C地區的空氣污染惡化，也并非是由于FB不采取環境保護的緣故。工廠數增加可能是由于C地區經濟快速發展。國家的宏觀調控對C地區也有影響。

　　D、即使是由于FB不采取環境保護，作者也錯誤地假設了只要AG上臺，就能夠解決C地區的環境問題。環境問題牽扯到很多因素，AG雖然是GEC的成員，也并不代表AG就有能力解決這諸多因素。另外，如果是國家宏觀調控的話，AG顯然還是沒有辦法解決。

　　8.The following appeared in a memorandum issued by the strategic planning department at Omni Inc.

　　Mesa Foods, a manufacturer of snack foods that currently markets its products within a relatively small region of the country, has strong growth potential. Mesa enjoyed a 20 percent increase in profits last year, and its best-selling product, Diabolique Salsa, has had increased sales over each of the past three years. Since Omni Inc. is interested in reaching 14-to-25 year olds, the age group that consumes the most snack food, we should buy Mesa Foods, and concentrate in particular on marketing Diabolique Salsa throughout the country.

　　A、首先，作者簡單地認為利潤高是并購的充分條件。兩家公司要能夠實現成功并購，需要考慮兩家公司的企業文化是否能夠很好地融合，如果不能夠的話，一加一可能會小于二，甚至小于一。還有收購的費用是否合理等。

　　B、MF去年的利潤增長了，并不代表MF今年以及今后仍然能夠保持增長。人們的口味會隨著時間有所改變，今后人們可能就不喜歡DS食品的味道了，或者人們開始更看重食品的健康程度而非口味，而DS的食品健康性可能不盡如人意。

　　C、正如作者所說，O公司對14至25歲人群比較感興趣，但作者并未說明MF的DS適合該人群。即使DS適合該人群，也正如作者在文中所提到的，DS只是在一個小地區獲得了成功，并不代表可以在全國獲得成功。

　　9.The following appeared in a memorandum from a dean at Omega University.

　　Fifteen years ago, Omega University implemented a new procedure that encouraged students to evaluate the teaching effectiveness of all their professors. Since that time, Omega professors have begun to assign higher grades in their classes, and overall student grade averages at Omega have risen by thirty percent. Potential employers apparently believe the grades at Omega are inflated; this would explain why Omega graduates have not been as successful at getting jobs as have graduates from nearby Alpha University. To enable its graduates to secure better jobs, Omega University should now terminate student evaluation of professors.

　　A、O大學的教授開始給學生更高的分數，并不一定是因為學生評價教授的機制的存在。可能是O大學的學生平均來說都要比以前學習刻苦了，或者說學習的課目較之15年前要簡單了。

　　B、即使學生獲得了更高的分數，是因為O大學的教授怕學生通過該機制對他進行不利的評價，從而使得潛在的雇傭者質疑這樣的分數，也不一定能夠解釋O大學的畢業生找工作沒有A大學畢業生成功的現象。找工作困難和其他很多因素都有關，例如專業對不對口，學生本身的尋求條件高低等。

　　C、即使是因為這個原因導致了O大學的畢業生找工作更困難，O大學也不應該斷然停止一項維持了15年的機制。事物都有兩面性，作者忽視了該機制所帶來的正面效應，例如讓教授對自己教授的課程更加負責了等等。

　　10.The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a Batavia newspaper.

　　The department of agriculture in Batavia reports that the number of dairy farms throughout the country is now 25 percent greater than it was 10 years ago. During this same time period, however, the price of milk at the local Excello Food Market has increased from $1.50 to over $3.00 per gallon. To prevent farmers from continuing to receive excessive profits on an apparently increased supply of milk, the Batavia government should begin to regulate retail milk prices. Such regulation is necessary to ensure both lower prices and an adequate supply of milk for consumers.

　　A、牛奶價格從$1.50找到超過$3.00每加侖，并不能夠說明奶農在其中賺取了更多的利潤。可能因為生產牛奶的成本增加了，也可能是因為通貨膨脹導致價格上漲。

　　B、牧場數量增加了25%，但并不意味著牛奶產量也增加了，很可能牧場數量增加了而牛奶產量卻下降了。

　　C、作者沒有給出充分的理由來說明用政府干預經濟的方法是必須的。經濟常識告訴我們，市場具有自我調節能力，政府可能可以通過市場的手段來解決牛奶供應的問題。

　　6.The following was written as a part of an application for a small business loan by a group of developers in the city of Monroe.

　　A jazz music club in Monroe would be a tremendously profitable enterprise. Currently, the nearest jazz club is 65 miles away; thus, our proposed club, the C Note, would have the local market all to itself. Plus, jazz is extremely popular in Monroe: over 100,000 people attended Monroes jazz festival last summer, several well-known jazz musicians live in Monroe, and the highest-rated radio program in Monroe is Jazz Nightly, which airs every weeknight. Finally, a nationwide study indicates that the typical jazz fan spends close to $1,000 per year on jazz entertainment. It is clear that the C Note cannot help but make money.

　　A、首先，該全國范圍的調查樣本選取是否足夠隨機，如果不隨機，則調查結果就不能夠得出人均花費$1,000在爵士音樂娛樂上的結論。

　　B、即使該調查足夠隨機，那也是全國范圍的調查結論，對于M地區并不一定成立。M地區的居民花費在爵士音樂娛樂上的錢不足$1,000。正如作者所說，M地區的居民喜歡Jazz Nightly的廣播節目，因此該地區的居民可能更喜歡收聽免費的廣播，而不是去俱樂部等地方進行消費。

　　C、即使M地區的居民也年均花費$1,000在爵士娛樂上，也不一定會去M地區的C Note爵士音樂俱樂部。目前的俱樂部雖然遠，但并不代表人們不去?？赡茉摼銟凡凯h境比較好，爵士音樂純正，人們喜歡去那里。

　　D、即使人們去C Note，也不一定能夠保證C Note能賺錢。利潤等于收入減去成本，而作者忽視了成本中一個很重要且很大的成本品牌成本。C Note創立之初，一定會需要大筆的資金進行品牌宣傳。

　　E、另外，有名的爵士藝人住在M地區，并不代表他們會在M地區進行表演。100,000參加M地區的爵士歡慶，并不能夠說明爵士樂在M地區很受歡迎，人們去那里可能是其他原因，例如追星。即使說明人們喜歡爵士樂，那也是去年夏天了，并不表示今后也是如此。

　　7.The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Clearview newspaper.

　　In the next mayoral election, residents of Clearview should vote for Ann Green, who is a member of the Good Earth Coalition, rather than for Frank Braun, a member of the Clearview town council, because the current members are not protecting our environment. For example, during the past year the number of factories in Clearview has doubled, air pollution levels have increased, and the local hospital has treated 25 percent more patients with respiratory illnesses. If we elect Ann Green, the environmental problems in Clearview will certainly be solved.

　　A、作者并沒有給出呼吸疾病患者的基數。如果基數比較小，那么即使增加少量的人，也會導致增長的比值很大。也是呼吸疾病患者確實大量增加了，也不一定說明是空氣污染造成的。常識告訴我們，氣候變化也可能造成呼吸疾病。

　　B、即使是由于空氣污染造成的，也并不一定是由于C地區的工廠增加導致的。空氣污染惡化可能和C地區的氣候變化有關，例如季風的變化，季風變化后可能就帶不走C地區工廠排放的廢氣，造成C地區的廢氣積累。另外，C地區的工廠數增加也存在著基數問題。

　　C、即使是因為C地區的工廠數增加了，導致了C地區的空氣污染惡化，也并非是由于FB不采取環境保護的緣故。工廠數增加可能是由于C地區經濟快速發展。國家的宏觀調控對C地區也有影響。

　　D、即使是由于FB不采取環境保護，作者也錯誤地假設了只要AG上臺，就能夠解決C地區的環境問題。環境問題牽扯到很多因素，AG雖然是GEC的成員，也并不代表AG就有能力解決這諸多因素。另外，如果是國家宏觀調控的話，AG顯然還是沒有辦法解決。

　　8.The following appeared in a memorandum issued by the strategic planning department at Omni Inc.

　　Mesa Foods, a manufacturer of snack foods that currently markets its products within a relatively small region of the country, has strong growth potential. Mesa enjoyed a 20 percent increase in profits last year, and its best-selling product, Diabolique Salsa, has had increased sales over each of the past three years. Since Omni Inc. is interested in reaching 14-to-25 year olds, the age group that consumes the most snack food, we should buy Mesa Foods, and concentrate in particular on marketing Diabolique Salsa throughout the country.

　　A、首先，作者簡單地認為利潤高是并購的充分條件。兩家公司要能夠實現成功并購，需要考慮兩家公司的企業文化是否能夠很好地融合，如果不能夠的話，一加一可能會小于二，甚至小于一。還有收購的費用是否合理等。

　　B、MF去年的利潤增長了，并不代表MF今年以及今后仍然能夠保持增長。人們的口味會隨著時間有所改變，今后人們可能就不喜歡DS食品的味道了，或者人們開始更看重食品的健康程度而非口味，而DS的食品健康性可能不盡如人意。

　　C、正如作者所說，O公司對14至25歲人群比較感興趣，但作者并未說明MF的DS適合該人群。即使DS適合該人群，也正如作者在文中所提到的，DS只是在一個小地區獲得了成功，并不代表可以在全國獲得成功。

　　9.The following appeared in a memorandum from a dean at Omega University.

　　Fifteen years ago, Omega University implemented a new procedure that encouraged students to evaluate the teaching effectiveness of all their professors. Since that time, Omega professors have begun to assign higher grades in their classes, and overall student grade averages at Omega have risen by thirty percent. Potential employers apparently believe the grades at Omega are inflated; this would explain why Omega graduates have not been as successful at getting jobs as have graduates from nearby Alpha University. To enable its graduates to secure better jobs, Omega University should now terminate student evaluation of professors.

　　A、O大學的教授開始給學生更高的分數，并不一定是因為學生評價教授的機制的存在?？赡苁荗大學的學生平均來說都要比以前學習刻苦了，或者說學習的課目較之15年前要簡單了。

　　B、即使學生獲得了更高的分數，是因為O大學的教授怕學生通過該機制對他進行不利的評價，從而使得潛在的雇傭者質疑這樣的分數，也不一定能夠解釋O大學的畢業生找工作沒有A大學畢業生成功的現象。找工作困難和其他很多因素都有關，例如專業對不對口，學生本身的尋求條件高低等。

　　C、即使是因為這個原因導致了O大學的畢業生找工作更困難，O大學也不應該斷然停止一項維持了15年的機制。事物都有兩面性，作者忽視了該機制所帶來的正面效應，例如讓教授對自己教授的課程更加負責了等等。

　　10.The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a Batavia newspaper.

　　The department of agriculture in Batavia reports that the number of dairy farms throughout the country is now 25 percent greater than it was 10 years ago. During this same time period, however, the price of milk at the local Excello Food Market has increased from $1.50 to over $3.00 per gallon. To prevent farmers from continuing to receive excessive profits on an apparently increased supply of milk, the Batavia government should begin to regulate retail milk prices. Such regulation is necessary to ensure both lower prices and an adequate supply of milk for consumers.

　　A、牛奶價格從$1.50找到超過$3.00每加侖，并不能夠說明奶農在其中賺取了更多的利潤?？赡芤驗樯a牛奶的成本增加了，也可能是因為通貨膨脹導致價格上漲。

　　B、牧場數量增加了25%，但并不意味著牛奶產量也增加了，很可能牧場數量增加了而牛奶產量卻下降了。

　　C、作者沒有給出充分的理由來說明用政府干預經濟的方法是必須的。經濟常識告訴我們，市場具有自我調節能力，政府可能可以通過市場的手段來解決牛奶供應的問題。