Sex change surgery guidelines drafted

　　China is set to 1 its first clinical guideline on sex-change surgery, according to a notice put on the website of the Ministry of Health yesterday.

　　The ministry is now soliciting public and professional opinions on the draft guideline. The coming guideline aims to regulate and standardize sex reassignment surgery, part of a treatment for gender identity disorder in transsexuals.

　　Experts 2 nearly 2,000 Chinese have undergone sex-change surgery while 100,000 to 400,000 are still considering it. However, no official number is available. In the draft, the MOH sets 3 criteria for both surgical candidates and medical institutions.

　　Candidates for the surgery must be older than 20 and single, the draft guideline said. They are also required to prove a persistent desire for a sex change, to live for at least five consecutive years full-time in the new gender role, and to engage 4 mental therapy for at least one year.

　　Before surgery can take place, a candidate must receive a recommendation for the operation from a __5__ after an appropriate series of therapy sessions.

　　Also, several legal requirements 6 be met before the procedure. The candidate must provide proof from police that he or she has does not have any criminal offenses in the past.

　　Police must also agree to change the sex status on the identity card of the 7 receiver before the operation can take 8 .

　　The advent of such a guideline 9 to show that the government is concerned 10 the needs of a relatively small 11 of people who want to change sex.

　　But doctors also warn that all stakeholders, including the hospital and prospective receivers, should be highly cautious about this surgery.

　　The operation is more than a medical procedure due 12 its huge social and legal consequences. Doctors should make it clear to those __13__ sex-change surgeries that the option always remains to continue to live in the original role. The guideline requires surgeons to tell patients about other options 14 hormone therapy, They are also required to explain the risks involved, and underlying social barriers including discrimination, and administrative recognition and approval.

　　For the candidates, the surgery itself is not the big issue 15 the long run. The real issue is the kind of life he or she will have to lead afterward.

　　練習：

　　1. A) issue B) provide C) withdraw D) bring about

　　2. A) boast B) estimate C) blame D) offer

　　3. A) maximum B) minimum C) less D) few

　　4. A) in B) into C) on D) onto

　　5. A) physicist B) chemist C) psychologist D) geologist

　　6. A) can B) must C) may D) cannot

　　7. A) respective B) prospect C) expecting D) prospective.

　　8. A) position B) location C) place D) scene

　　9. A) believes B) is believed C) is believing D) believed

　　10. A) about B) with C) around D) of

　　11. A) numeral B) figure C) digit D) number

　　12. A) in B) with C) to D) into

　　13. A) seek B) seeking C) sought D) have sought

　　14. A) as B) such that C) as such D) such as

　　15. A) in B) on C) under D) blow

　　答案：ABBAC BDCBA DCBDA

　　變性手術的準則的起草

　　據衛生部網站昨天發布的通知，中國已經開始發行關于變性手術的臨床指南。

　　衛生部正在征集公眾意見草稿和專業的指導。即將到來的方針旨在規范變性手術，這是一種為變性人進行的性別錯位癥的治療。

　　專家估計，近2,000名中國人已經歷了變性手術而10～40萬人仍在考慮之中。然而，并無相關的官方報道。在草案中衛生部為進行手術的候選人和醫療機構制定了最低標準。

　　起草方針中規定手術候選人必須超過20歲，并且單身。他們還要求要對性變化有持久的熱情，生活至少連續五年的新性別角色，并從事心理療法至少一年。

　　在手術開始之前和一系列有關治療的方案討論完之后，候選人必須要接受心理學家對手術提出的建議。

　　同時，法律或法規中的條文也必須遵守。

　　手術候選人必須向警察提供證據，證明進行變性手術的他或她過去并無任何的犯罪行為。

　　Sex change surgery guidelines drafted

　　China is set to 1 its first clinical guideline on sex-change surgery, according to a notice put on the website of the Ministry of Health yesterday.

　　The ministry is now soliciting public and professional opinions on the draft guideline. The coming guideline aims to regulate and standardize sex reassignment surgery, part of a treatment for gender identity disorder in transsexuals.

　　Experts 2 nearly 2,000 Chinese have undergone sex-change surgery while 100,000 to 400,000 are still considering it. However, no official number is available. In the draft, the MOH sets 3 criteria for both surgical candidates and medical institutions.

　　Candidates for the surgery must be older than 20 and single, the draft guideline said. They are also required to prove a persistent desire for a sex change, to live for at least five consecutive years full-time in the new gender role, and to engage 4 mental therapy for at least one year.

　　Before surgery can take place, a candidate must receive a recommendation for the operation from a __5__ after an appropriate series of therapy sessions.

　　Also, several legal requirements 6 be met before the procedure. The candidate must provide proof from police that he or she has does not have any criminal offenses in the past.

　　Police must also agree to change the sex status on the identity card of the 7 receiver before the operation can take 8 .

　　The advent of such a guideline 9 to show that the government is concerned 10 the needs of a relatively small 11 of people who want to change sex.

　　But doctors also warn that all stakeholders, including the hospital and prospective receivers, should be highly cautious about this surgery.

　　The operation is more than a medical procedure due 12 its huge social and legal consequences. Doctors should make it clear to those __13__ sex-change surgeries that the option always remains to continue to live in the original role. The guideline requires surgeons to tell patients about other options 14 hormone therapy, They are also required to explain the risks involved, and underlying social barriers including discrimination, and administrative recognition and approval.

　　For the candidates, the surgery itself is not the big issue 15 the long run. The real issue is the kind of life he or she will have to lead afterward.

　　練習：

　　1. A) issue B) provide C) withdraw D) bring about

　　2. A) boast B) estimate C) blame D) offer

　　3. A) maximum B) minimum C) less D) few

　　4. A) in B) into C) on D) onto

　　5. A) physicist B) chemist C) psychologist D) geologist

　　6. A) can B) must C) may D) cannot

　　7. A) respective B) prospect C) expecting D) prospective.

　　8. A) position B) location C) place D) scene

　　9. A) believes B) is believed C) is believing D) believed

　　10. A) about B) with C) around D) of

　　11. A) numeral B) figure C) digit D) number

　　12. A) in B) with C) to D) into

　　13. A) seek B) seeking C) sought D) have sought

　　14. A) as B) such that C) as such D) such as

　　15. A) in B) on C) under D) blow

　　答案：ABBAC BDCBA DCBDA

　　變性手術的準則的起草

　　據衛生部網站昨天發布的通知，中國已經開始發行關于變性手術的臨床指南。

　　衛生部正在征集公眾意見草稿和專業的指導。即將到來的方針旨在規范變性手術，這是一種為變性人進行的性別錯位癥的治療。

　　專家估計，近2,000名中國人已經歷了變性手術而10～40萬人仍在考慮之中。然而，并無相關的官方報道。在草案中衛生部為進行手術的候選人和醫療機構制定了最低標準。

　　起草方針中規定手術候選人必須超過20歲，并且單身。他們還要求要對性變化有持久的熱情，生活至少連續五年的新性別角色，并從事心理療法至少一年。

　　在手術開始之前和一系列有關治療的方案討論完之后，候選人必須要接受心理學家對手術提出的建議。

　　同時，法律或法規中的條文也必須遵守。

　　手術候選人必須向警察提供證據，證明進行變性手術的他或她過去并無任何的犯罪行為。