職稱英語等級考試各重點語法考點解析1
職稱英語等級考試各重點語法考點解析1
被動語態
語態是動詞的一種形式,它表示主語和謂語的關系.語態有兩種:主動語態和被動語態.如果主語是動作的執行者,或者是說動作是由主語完成的,要用主動語態;如果主語是動作的承受者,或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的,則用被動語態.
一、被動語態考點聚焦
被動語態的概念:
不知道或沒必要提到動作的執行者是誰時用被動語態.強調或突出動作的承受者常用被動語態.
被動語態的構成方式:
be + 過去分詞,口語只也有用get / become + 過去分詞表示.
被動語態的基本用法:
使用被動語態時應注意的幾個問題.
①主動變化被動時雙賓語的變化.看下列例句.
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
An interesting book was given to meon my birthday.
I was given an interesting book on my birthday.
②主動變被動時,賓補成主補;不定式前需加to.
The boss made him work all day long.
He was made to work all day long
③短語動詞變被動語態時,勿要掉尾巴.
The children were taken good care of .
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
?、芮閼B動詞和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等結構變被動語態, 只需將它們后面的動詞原形變為be +過去分詞.
?、莓斁渥拥闹^語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時,被動語態有兩種形式:謂語動詞用被動語態,動詞不定式作主補.用it作形式主語,真正的主語在后面用主語在后面用主語從句來表示.如:
People say he is a smart boy.
It is said that he is a smart boy.
He is said to be a smart boy.
People know paper was made in China first.
It is known that paper was made in China first.
Paper was known to be made in China first.
類似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that
不能用被動語態的幾種情況.
?、偎械牟患拔飫釉~或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態之中.
?、诒硎緺顟B的謂語動詞,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等.
?、郾硎練w屬的動詞,如have、own、belong to等.
?、鼙硎鞠Ｍ⒁鈭D的動詞,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等.
?、葙e語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態,不能用被動語態.
?、拶e語是同源賓語,不定式、動名詞等謂語動詞不用被動語態.
⑦有些動詞以其主動形式表示被動意義,特別是當主語是物時,常見的動詞有sell、write、wash、open、lock等.
主動形式表被動意義.
?、佼攆eel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容詞時;當cut、read、sell、wear、write等詞帶狀語修飾語時;當動詞表示開始、結束、關、停、轉、啟動等意義時.
This kind of cloth washes easily.這種布易洗.
These novels wont sell well.這些小說不暢銷.
My pen writes smoothly.我的鋼筆寫起來很流暢.
The door wont lock.門鎖不上.
The fish smells good.魚聞起來香.
②當break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動詞表示發生、關閉、制定等意思時.
The plan worked out successfully.
The lamps on the wall turn off.
?、踳ant, require, need后面的動名詞用主動表示被動含義.
④be worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義.
?、菰赽e + 形容詞 + to do中,不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語,用主動代被動.
This kind of water isnt fit to drink.
The girl isnt easy to get along with.
另外:be to blame,be to rent也用主動形式表被動.
被動形式表示主動意義的幾種情況.
?、賐e seated坐著
He is seated on a bench.坐在凳子上.
②be hidden躲藏
He was hidden behind the door.他藏在門后.
?、踒e lost迷路
?、躡e drunk喝醉
?、輇e dressed穿著
The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.
被動語態與系表結構的區別
被動語態強調動作;系表結構表主語的特點或狀態.如:
The book was sold by a certain bookstore.
The book is well sold.
職稱英語等級考試各重點語法考點解析1
被動語態
語態是動詞的一種形式,它表示主語和謂語的關系.語態有兩種:主動語態和被動語態.如果主語是動作的執行者,或者是說動作是由主語完成的,要用主動語態;如果主語是動作的承受者,或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的,則用被動語態.
一、被動語態考點聚焦
被動語態的概念:
不知道或沒必要提到動作的執行者是誰時用被動語態.強調或突出動作的承受者常用被動語態.
被動語態的構成方式:
be + 過去分詞,口語只也有用get / become + 過去分詞表示.
被動語態的基本用法:
使用被動語態時應注意的幾個問題.
①主動變化被動時雙賓語的變化.看下列例句.
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
An interesting book was given to meon my birthday.
I was given an interesting book on my birthday.
?、谥鲃幼儽粍訒r,賓補成主補;不定式前需加to.
The boss made him work all day long.
He was made to work all day long
?、鄱陶Z動詞變被動語態時,勿要掉尾巴.
The children were taken good care of .
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
④情態動詞和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等結構變被動語態, 只需將它們后面的動詞原形變為be +過去分詞.
?、莓斁渥拥闹^語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時,被動語態有兩種形式:謂語動詞用被動語態,動詞不定式作主補.用it作形式主語,真正的主語在后面用主語在后面用主語從句來表示.如:
People say he is a smart boy.
It is said that he is a smart boy.
He is said to be a smart boy.
People know paper was made in China first.
It is known that paper was made in China first.
Paper was known to be made in China first.
類似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that
不能用被動語態的幾種情況.
①所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態之中.
?、诒硎緺顟B的謂語動詞,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等.
③表示歸屬的動詞,如have、own、belong to等.
④表示希望、意圖的動詞,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等.
?、葙e語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態,不能用被動語態.
?、拶e語是同源賓語,不定式、動名詞等謂語動詞不用被動語態.
?、哂行﹦釉~以其主動形式表示被動意義,特別是當主語是物時,常見的動詞有sell、write、wash、open、lock等.
主動形式表被動意義.
?、佼攆eel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容詞時;當cut、read、sell、wear、write等詞帶狀語修飾語時;當動詞表示開始、結束、關、停、轉、啟動等意義時.
This kind of cloth washes easily.這種布易洗.
These novels wont sell well.這些小說不暢銷.
My pen writes smoothly.我的鋼筆寫起來很流暢.
The door wont lock.門鎖不上.
The fish smells good.魚聞起來香.
?、诋攂reak out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動詞表示發生、關閉、制定等意思時.
The plan worked out successfully.
The lamps on the wall turn off.
③want, require, need后面的動名詞用主動表示被動含義.
④be worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義.
?、菰赽e + 形容詞 + to do中,不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語,用主動代被動.
This kind of water isnt fit to drink.
The girl isnt easy to get along with.
另外:be to blame,be to rent也用主動形式表被動.
被動形式表示主動意義的幾種情況.
?、賐e seated坐著
He is seated on a bench.坐在凳子上.
?、赽e hidden躲藏
He was hidden behind the door.他藏在門后.
③be lost迷路
?、躡e drunk喝醉
⑤be dressed穿著
The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.
被動語態與系表結構的區別
被動語態強調動作;系表結構表主語的特點或狀態.如:
The book was sold by a certain bookstore.
The book is well sold.
