英語講義【14】主動語態之形，被動語態之意
在《語態：主動與被動的關系》一文里，提到有些動詞有主動語態之形，但卻有被動語態之意。
這些動詞包括及物的（transitive verbs）、不及物的（ intransitive verbs）、動名詞（gerunds）和不定式動詞（ infinitives）。這些動詞很特別，但數目不多。例如：
Ⅰ及物動詞 ① That house is building （= being built）.
② The trumpets are sounding （ = being sounded）.
③ The film is showing now （= being shown now）.
④ The guns are firing （= being fired）.
⑤ The drums are beating （ = being beaten）.
Ⅱ不及物動詞 ⑥ The middle house wont let.
⑦ Porcelain sinks clean easily.
⑧ Such potatoes peel well.
⑥-⑧中的出租、清洗和削都有被的意思。
Ⅲ動名詞 ⑨ Your office needs cleaning （= to be cleaned）.
⑩ The computer wants servicing （= to be serviced）.
11. This watch requires winding up （ = to be wound up）.
12. That good point bears repeating （= to be repeated）.
Ⅳ不定式動詞 13. This is an apartment to let.
14. Give him a chair to sit down.
15. There is nothing to do for the time being.
16. You are to blame.
13-16中的不定式動詞都有被動之意，情況和⑥-⑧中的不及物動詞類似，都是具有主動語態之形，含有被動語態之意。然而，這種用法雖很特殊，卻不普遍。當這些動詞回到本來的性質時，還是有被動語態的， 只是含義有些不同。例如17和18中的（a）和（b）的含義便有些不同：
17.a） His books sell well.
b） His books are sold well.
18.a） Your shoes have worn well.
b） Your shoes have been worn well.
（a）的句子表示書的銷路好和鞋子耐穿，都是因為主語有內在的優點。至于（b）的句子，它們只把事實反映出來，沒有別的含義。
最后，當感官動詞當接系動詞用時，它們也是有主動語態之形，被動語態之意：
19.Honey tastes sweet.
20.Glass feels smooth.
21.Perfume smells good.
22.The sky seems to appear dark.
23.The weather has turned hot.
在《語態：主動與被動的關系》一文里，提到有些動詞有主動語態之形，但卻有被動語態之意。
這些動詞包括及物的（transitive verbs）、不及物的（ intransitive verbs）、動名詞（gerunds）和不定式動詞（ infinitives）。這些動詞很特別，但數目不多。例如：
Ⅰ及物動詞 ① That house is building （= being built）.
② The trumpets are sounding （ = being sounded）.
③ The film is showing now （= being shown now）.
④ The guns are firing （= being fired）.
⑤ The drums are beating （ = being beaten）.
Ⅱ不及物動詞 ⑥ The middle house wont let.
⑦ Porcelain sinks clean easily.
⑧ Such potatoes peel well.
⑥-⑧中的出租、清洗和削都有被的意思。
Ⅲ動名詞 ⑨ Your office needs cleaning （= to be cleaned）.
⑩ The computer wants servicing （= to be serviced）.
11. This watch requires winding up （ = to be wound up）.
12. That good point bears repeating （= to be repeated）.
Ⅳ不定式動詞 13. This is an apartment to let.
14. Give him a chair to sit down.
15. There is nothing to do for the time being.
16. You are to blame.
13-16中的不定式動詞都有被動之意，情況和⑥-⑧中的不及物動詞類似，都是具有主動語態之形，含有被動語態之意。然而，這種用法雖很特殊，卻不普遍。當這些動詞回到本來的性質時，還是有被動語態的， 只是含義有些不同。例如17和18中的（a）和（b）的含義便有些不同：
17.a） His books sell well.
b） His books are sold well.
18.a） Your shoes have worn well.
b） Your shoes have been worn well.
（a）的句子表示書的銷路好和鞋子耐穿，都是因為主語有內在的優點。至于（b）的句子，它們只把事實反映出來，沒有別的含義。
最后，當感官動詞當接系動詞用時，它們也是有主動語態之形，被動語態之意：
19.Honey tastes sweet.
20.Glass feels smooth.
21.Perfume smells good.
22.The sky seems to appear dark.
23.The weather has turned hot.
