2023年職稱英語考試常用語法詳解之狀語從句
狀語從句
所謂狀語從句，是指用來說明主句行為發生的時間、原因、條件、地點、目的、結果及方式等。
1) 時間狀語從句：記住以下連接詞的意思和重點：
when / while / as
注意：while除了做時間狀語的連接詞外，還解釋為雖然，而.
例如：He is very diligent, while she is very lazy.
before 在之前
until / not until注意：not until放在句首時，往往要求倒裝
as soon as / once
immediately / instantly / directly 原本是副詞，這里作連接詞，表示一就，
例如： I knew I had made a mistake directly I had done it.
the moment / each time / every time / next time / the first time / the instant / the year原本是名詞或副詞，這里作連接詞用。
hardly when / no soonerthan一就
注意：這是時間狀語考試的重點句型，一是不要把兩個句型中的when和than的搭配搞錯了，二是要用倒裝語序。
例如：
Hardly had I sat down when the telephone rang.
重點：在時間狀語中，用一般時代替將來時。
例如：
Well start as soon as the leader ______.
A.comes B.is coming C.will come D.came
根據英語時態一致性原則，主句與從句的時態應一致，答案似乎應該是B或C，但是正確答案是A，因為在時間狀語中，用一般時代替將來時。將上句改為過去時，道理也一樣：
He said we would start as soon as the leader _____.
A.came B.was coming C.would come D.comes
答案應為A
2) 條件狀語從句：分真實條件句和非真實條件句
重點：在條件狀語中，用一般時代替將來時
虛擬語氣
主要連接詞：
if / unless
例如：
Children should not be taken into the room of a very sick person ______ there is some special reason for it.
A.except B. besides C. unless D.whereas
解題思路：根據上面說過的連接原則，這里必須是一個連接詞，而A，B都是介詞，因此正確答案只能在C，D中選。whereas意為而，故正確答案為C.
provided / on condition that 知道這也是連接詞就可以了，一般說，當考題中出現這種詞時，應傾向選擇。
3) 原因狀語從句：
主要連接詞：because/ since / as
要點：不要把連接詞 because與介詞短語because of 相混淆;
不要把表示原因的since與表示時間的since自從相混淆;
不要把表示原因的as與表示時間的as隨著相混淆;
順便提一下， because表示直接因果關系，而since, as 是對事實的說明，主句和從句之間并不一定具有因果關系.
例如：
As you are already 18 years old, you should know what to do and what not to do.
這個句子用because連接就不太合適。好在軍隊職稱考試中并不要求作這種分辨。
for 注意：一般只能放在主句后面，即主句 + for從句，例如：
He must have gone to bed, for it is too late. 該句不能用because
now that / seeing that / considering that
Seeing that this problem was settled, they proceeded to the next one. n
in that一般放在主句后面，例如：
Humans are superior to animals in that they can use languages as a tool to communicate.
4) 讓步狀語從句：
主要連接詞：although / even if / while 后兩個是考試的重點。no matter what / no matter how / whetheror not 這是讓步句考試的重點。
例如：
No matter what may happen, we will not change our plan.
No matter how difficult the journey may be, we will not change our plan.
We should not worry her whether she is well or ill .
注意：no matter what后面跟名詞或名詞性結構;no matter how后面跟形容詞或副詞，不要搞錯;用了no matter what / no matter how就不能再用whatever / however.
5) 比較狀語從句：
這是英語語法必考內容，要特別加以重視。
基本概念：兩個比較級，三個或三個以上最高級。要對數字2特別敏感，試選擇：
Of Mary and Jane, who is ______?
A. smart B.the smartest
C. more smarter D.the smarter
解題思路：很顯然這是一道考形容詞比較級的題目，從句子結構和選題A可以判斷smart是個形容詞原級，因此可以斷定C的形式錯了。B是最高級，但句中只有兩個人Mary 和Jane，因此正確答案只能是D，這是一個較特殊的比較級句型，即the + 形容詞比較級 + of 。
比較級的主要句型：
原級比較：as +形容詞或副詞原級+ as， 否定式：not so +形容詞或副詞原級+ as
注意問題：asas 之間的形容詞或副詞是否采用了原級;asas 之間該用形容詞還是副詞;用as much as 還是用as many as
表示倍數時用下面結構， 如3倍：three times as as
例如：
The size of the island is about ______ that of this one.
A.three times as much as B.as three times much as
C.as three times greater than D.three times as big as
解題思路：B、C違反了上述句型規定，A、D的區別是size是與much搭配還是與big搭配，D是對的。
比較級：more than
注意：
1) 比較形式是否正確，如是否有類似more better這樣重復比較的錯誤;
2)兩者之間是比較級，三者以上是最高級，看看是兩者還是三者或三者以上;
3)只有同類的人或物才能比較;比較不能包括自己， 常用other表示排除。
例如不能說：
He is taller than any students in this class.
而應說：
He is taller than any other student in this class.
4)修飾比較級的詞有：much, even, far, by far, still, a lot, a bit 等，例如：
John did badly in the sports meet. I did even worse .
你能看出下句的問題嗎?
His salary as a bus driver is more higher than a teacher.
該句有兩個大錯1)high的比較級為higher，2)主語his salary而比較對象是a teacher，兩者不可比，怎樣的表達才是對的呢?請選擇：
His salary as a bus driver is much higher ______.
A.in comparison with a teacher B.than a teacher
C.than a teachers D.than that of a teachers
正確答案是C，也可以寫成than that of a teacher
最高級the most of +比較范圍 / 最高級+名詞+that 定語從句，例如：
This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.
the morethe more
The longer you wear glasses, the more you depend on them.
考試時，一般只要認準the 和比較級形式就不難判別。
其他表示比較意思的形式
A is superior / inferior to B
注意：superior/ inferior前不能再加 more 或者less; 用to不是用 than.
例如：
Humans are superior to animals in that they can use languages to communicate.
prefer rather than
例如：
I preferred to stay out in the cold rather than spend the night there.
Would ratherthan
6) 地點狀語從句：
主要連接詞：where / wherever / everywhere
注意地點狀語從句中where與定語從句中關系副詞where的區別與聯系：
Put the book where it is.
Put the book in the place where it is.
以上兩個句子的意思是一樣的，第一個句子是地點狀語從句，第二個句子是定語從句，where作關系副詞修飾the place
7) 方式狀語從句：
as按時
Air is to man as water is to fish.
要點：不要把as 與like 混淆，like是介詞，不是連接詞, 如不能說：All plants need air like they need water，應為：All plants need air as they need water.
as if / as though可以是真實的，也可以是虛擬的，如：
The meat tastes as if it has already gone bad.
He speaks English as though he were an Englishman.
8)目的 / 結果狀語從句
目的狀語從句：
so that / in order that
lest / for fear that 注意：該句型一般使用should型虛擬式
結果狀語從句：
sothat / suchthat/ so that / that / so
The professor speaks so fast that we find it difficult to follow him.
He give me such good advice that I finished the task smoothly.
The film was such that everyone was deeply moved.
順便提一下，，only to do 雖不屬于從句，但是是一個重要的表 結果的句型，請記住， 例如：
For nearly three hours we waited for the decision, only to be told to return the next day.
從考試角度看，狀語從句的重點是：時間、原因、條件、讓步和比較
注：如前所述，本講座不是經典語法書，有些講法從廣義上說是不完整的，甚至是不確切的，如：逗號，不能連接兩個句子的提法，但這些概念對于理解英語的某些語法現象，特別是解題是實用的。相信我，沒錯的.
狀語從句
所謂狀語從句，是指用來說明主句行為發生的時間、原因、條件、地點、目的、結果及方式等。
1) 時間狀語從句：記住以下連接詞的意思和重點：
when / while / as
注意：while除了做時間狀語的連接詞外，還解釋為雖然，而.
例如：He is very diligent, while she is very lazy.
before 在之前
until / not until注意：not until放在句首時，往往要求倒裝
as soon as / once
immediately / instantly / directly 原本是副詞，這里作連接詞，表示一就，
例如： I knew I had made a mistake directly I had done it.
the moment / each time / every time / next time / the first time / the instant / the year原本是名詞或副詞，這里作連接詞用。
hardly when / no soonerthan一就
注意：這是時間狀語考試的重點句型，一是不要把兩個句型中的when和than的搭配搞錯了，二是要用倒裝語序。
例如：
Hardly had I sat down when the telephone rang.
重點：在時間狀語中，用一般時代替將來時。
例如：
Well start as soon as the leader ______.
A.comes B.is coming C.will come D.came
根據英語時態一致性原則，主句與從句的時態應一致，答案似乎應該是B或C，但是正確答案是A，因為在時間狀語中，用一般時代替將來時。將上句改為過去時，道理也一樣：
He said we would start as soon as the leader _____.
A.came B.was coming C.would come D.comes
答案應為A
2) 條件狀語從句：分真實條件句和非真實條件句
重點：在條件狀語中，用一般時代替將來時
虛擬語氣
主要連接詞：
if / unless
例如：
Children should not be taken into the room of a very sick person ______ there is some special reason for it.
A.except B. besides C. unless D.whereas
解題思路：根據上面說過的連接原則，這里必須是一個連接詞，而A，B都是介詞，因此正確答案只能在C，D中選。whereas意為而，故正確答案為C.
provided / on condition that 知道這也是連接詞就可以了，一般說，當考題中出現這種詞時，應傾向選擇。
3) 原因狀語從句：
主要連接詞：because/ since / as
要點：不要把連接詞 because與介詞短語because of 相混淆;
不要把表示原因的since與表示時間的since自從相混淆;
不要把表示原因的as與表示時間的as隨著相混淆;
順便提一下， because表示直接因果關系，而since, as 是對事實的說明，主句和從句之間并不一定具有因果關系.
例如：
As you are already 18 years old, you should know what to do and what not to do.
這個句子用because連接就不太合適。好在軍隊職稱考試中并不要求作這種分辨。
for 注意：一般只能放在主句后面，即主句 + for從句，例如：
He must have gone to bed, for it is too late. 該句不能用because
now that / seeing that / considering that
Seeing that this problem was settled, they proceeded to the next one. n
in that一般放在主句后面，例如：
Humans are superior to animals in that they can use languages as a tool to communicate.
4) 讓步狀語從句：
主要連接詞：although / even if / while 后兩個是考試的重點。no matter what / no matter how / whetheror not 這是讓步句考試的重點。
例如：
No matter what may happen, we will not change our plan.
No matter how difficult the journey may be, we will not change our plan.
We should not worry her whether she is well or ill .
注意：no matter what后面跟名詞或名詞性結構;no matter how后面跟形容詞或副詞，不要搞錯;用了no matter what / no matter how就不能再用whatever / however.
5) 比較狀語從句：
這是英語語法必考內容，要特別加以重視。
基本概念：兩個比較級，三個或三個以上最高級。要對數字2特別敏感，試選擇：
Of Mary and Jane, who is ______?
A. smart B.the smartest
C. more smarter D.the smarter
解題思路：很顯然這是一道考形容詞比較級的題目，從句子結構和選題A可以判斷smart是個形容詞原級，因此可以斷定C的形式錯了。B是最高級，但句中只有兩個人Mary 和Jane，因此正確答案只能是D，這是一個較特殊的比較級句型，即the + 形容詞比較級 + of 。
比較級的主要句型：
原級比較：as +形容詞或副詞原級+ as， 否定式：not so +形容詞或副詞原級+ as
注意問題：asas 之間的形容詞或副詞是否采用了原級;asas 之間該用形容詞還是副詞;用as much as 還是用as many as
表示倍數時用下面結構， 如3倍：three times as as
例如：
The size of the island is about ______ that of this one.
A.three times as much as B.as three times much as
C.as three times greater than D.three times as big as
解題思路：B、C違反了上述句型規定，A、D的區別是size是與much搭配還是與big搭配，D是對的。
比較級：more than
注意：
1) 比較形式是否正確，如是否有類似more better這樣重復比較的錯誤;
2)兩者之間是比較級，三者以上是最高級，看看是兩者還是三者或三者以上;
3)只有同類的人或物才能比較;比較不能包括自己， 常用other表示排除。
例如不能說：
He is taller than any students in this class.
而應說：
He is taller than any other student in this class.
4)修飾比較級的詞有：much, even, far, by far, still, a lot, a bit 等，例如：
John did badly in the sports meet. I did even worse .
你能看出下句的問題嗎?
His salary as a bus driver is more higher than a teacher.
該句有兩個大錯1)high的比較級為higher，2)主語his salary而比較對象是a teacher，兩者不可比，怎樣的表達才是對的呢?請選擇：
His salary as a bus driver is much higher ______.
A.in comparison with a teacher B.than a teacher
C.than a teachers D.than that of a teachers
正確答案是C，也可以寫成than that of a teacher
最高級the most of +比較范圍 / 最高級+名詞+that 定語從句，例如：
This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.
the morethe more
The longer you wear glasses, the more you depend on them.
考試時，一般只要認準the 和比較級形式就不難判別。
其他表示比較意思的形式
A is superior / inferior to B
注意：superior/ inferior前不能再加 more 或者less; 用to不是用 than.
例如：
Humans are superior to animals in that they can use languages to communicate.
prefer rather than
例如：
I preferred to stay out in the cold rather than spend the night there.
Would ratherthan
6) 地點狀語從句：
主要連接詞：where / wherever / everywhere
注意地點狀語從句中where與定語從句中關系副詞where的區別與聯系：
Put the book where it is.
Put the book in the place where it is.
以上兩個句子的意思是一樣的，第一個句子是地點狀語從句，第二個句子是定語從句，where作關系副詞修飾the place
7) 方式狀語從句：
as按時
Air is to man as water is to fish.
要點：不要把as 與like 混淆，like是介詞，不是連接詞, 如不能說：All plants need air like they need water，應為：All plants need air as they need water.
as if / as though可以是真實的，也可以是虛擬的，如：
The meat tastes as if it has already gone bad.
He speaks English as though he were an Englishman.
8)目的 / 結果狀語從句
目的狀語從句：
so that / in order that
lest / for fear that 注意：該句型一般使用should型虛擬式
結果狀語從句：
sothat / suchthat/ so that / that / so
The professor speaks so fast that we find it difficult to follow him.
He give me such good advice that I finished the task smoothly.
The film was such that everyone was deeply moved.
順便提一下，，only to do 雖不屬于從句，但是是一個重要的表 結果的句型，請記住， 例如：
For nearly three hours we waited for the decision, only to be told to return the next day.
從考試角度看，狀語從句的重點是：時間、原因、條件、讓步和比較
注：如前所述，本講座不是經典語法書，有些講法從廣義上說是不完整的，甚至是不確切的，如：逗號，不能連接兩個句子的提法，但這些概念對于理解英語的某些語法現象，特別是解題是實用的。相信我，沒錯的.
