英語講義【117】BE的語法功能
英語的be是個(gè)特別動(dòng)詞；有些語言，如中文和馬來文，并沒有be這樣的動(dòng)詞。
Be除了原形的be之外，還有另外七種形式：am, is, are, been, being, was, were.
在句子中，be可以是主動(dòng)詞（The Principal Verb）或助動(dòng)詞（The Auxiliary Verb）.
當(dāng)主動(dòng)詞時(shí)，be在性質(zhì)上屬于接系動(dòng)詞（The Linking Verb）, 后面要有名詞、形容詞、地方副詞或短語作補(bǔ)足語（The Complement）。例如：
1. The man is a science teacher.
2. Marys new dresses are colourful.
3. I have been there before.
4. Mother is in the kitchen now.
這四個(gè)都是陳述句，可以變成疑問句，方法簡(jiǎn)單，把主語和be或助動(dòng)詞對(duì)換位置即可：
5. Is the man a science teacher?
6. Are Marys new dresses colourful?
7. Have I been there before?
8. Is mother in the kitchen now?
當(dāng)be要在祈使句中出現(xiàn)時(shí)，它必須借重助動(dòng)詞do或dont之助，如：
9. Dont be silly!
10. Do be obedient!
11. Dont be a fool!
Be有兩種縮寫法，如下：
12. Hes not/He isnt
13. Youre not/You arent
但am + not的縮寫法只有一個(gè)：
14. Im not.
有人用aint, 但這并不是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語。
談過了be作主動(dòng)詞的功能，現(xiàn)在看看be作助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有些什么用法：
1.Be + 現(xiàn)在分詞以組成進(jìn)行式時(shí)態(tài)（Continuous Tenses），如：
15. Tonys maid is washing his new car.
16. The children are playing in the field.
17. Samuel was eating when I came in.
18. We have been living here since 1959.
2.Be + 過去分詞以組成被動(dòng)語態(tài)（The Passive Voice）,如：
19. Her money in the drawer was stolen.
20. A number of good jobs are taken up byforeigners.
21. David studied in Taiwan but has been trained as a language lecturer in America.
22. Can all the wonderful birds be found in our Bird Park?
23. The disobedient boy was told to stand out- side the classroom.
24. Steps are being taken to reduce traffic con- gestion during peak hours.
25. Dishonest students will be immediately dealt with.
從上面例子看，be這動(dòng)詞外貌平凡，但內(nèi)涵豐厚。如果沒有be，補(bǔ)足語的橋梁斷了。如果沒有be,何來進(jìn)行式時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)？缺了這幾樣重要的句式，英語還像英語嗎？
英語的be是個(gè)特別動(dòng)詞；有些語言，如中文和馬來文，并沒有be這樣的動(dòng)詞。
Be除了原形的be之外，還有另外七種形式：am, is, are, been, being, was, were.
在句子中，be可以是主動(dòng)詞（The Principal Verb）或助動(dòng)詞（The Auxiliary Verb）.
當(dāng)主動(dòng)詞時(shí)，be在性質(zhì)上屬于接系動(dòng)詞（The Linking Verb）, 后面要有名詞、形容詞、地方副詞或短語作補(bǔ)足語（The Complement）。例如：
1. The man is a science teacher.
2. Marys new dresses are colourful.
3. I have been there before.
4. Mother is in the kitchen now.
這四個(gè)都是陳述句，可以變成疑問句，方法簡(jiǎn)單，把主語和be或助動(dòng)詞對(duì)換位置即可：
5. Is the man a science teacher?
6. Are Marys new dresses colourful?
7. Have I been there before?
8. Is mother in the kitchen now?
當(dāng)be要在祈使句中出現(xiàn)時(shí)，它必須借重助動(dòng)詞do或dont之助，如：
9. Dont be silly!
10. Do be obedient!
11. Dont be a fool!
Be有兩種縮寫法，如下：
12. Hes not/He isnt
13. Youre not/You arent
但am + not的縮寫法只有一個(gè)：
14. Im not.
有人用aint, 但這并不是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語。
談過了be作主動(dòng)詞的功能，現(xiàn)在看看be作助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有些什么用法：
1.Be + 現(xiàn)在分詞以組成進(jìn)行式時(shí)態(tài)（Continuous Tenses），如：
15. Tonys maid is washing his new car.
16. The children are playing in the field.
17. Samuel was eating when I came in.
18. We have been living here since 1959.
2.Be + 過去分詞以組成被動(dòng)語態(tài)（The Passive Voice）,如：
19. Her money in the drawer was stolen.
20. A number of good jobs are taken up byforeigners.
21. David studied in Taiwan but has been trained as a language lecturer in America.
22. Can all the wonderful birds be found in our Bird Park?
23. The disobedient boy was told to stand out- side the classroom.
24. Steps are being taken to reduce traffic con- gestion during peak hours.
25. Dishonest students will be immediately dealt with.
從上面例子看，be這動(dòng)詞外貌平凡，但內(nèi)涵豐厚。如果沒有be，補(bǔ)足語的橋梁斷了。如果沒有be,何來進(jìn)行式時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)？缺了這幾樣重要的句式，英語還像英語嗎？
