高考英語總復習語法專項 非謂語動詞

　　2009-03-18 11:44 來源：互聯網 作者：佚名 [打印] [評論]

　　非謂語動詞是指不充當謂語的動詞形式, 主要有: 動詞不定式, 分詞(現在分詞和過去分詞), 動名詞. 有關非謂語動詞的概述參看 語法框架中 非謂語動詞部分

　　動詞不定式

　　一.形式: 動詞不定式的一般式是to do, 另外還有一些變化形式如下表:

　　主動被動

　　一般式to doto be done

　　進行式to be doingX

　　完成式to have doneto have been done

　　完成進行式to have been doingX

　　二.動詞不定式在句中的作用: 作主語, 賓語, 賓語補足語, 表語, 定語, 狀語

　　1.作主語:

　　①.不定式作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數

　　a. To smoke is a bad habit.

　　b. To know is one thing; to do is another.

　　②.不定式做主語時, 通常將不定式后移, 而在其位置上用形式主語it

　　a. It is polite to write to your host and say Thank you.

　　b. It is the custom in France to shake hands a lot.

　　2.作賓語:

　　①.不定式通常作動詞的賓語, 也能作少數介詞的賓語

　　a. We want to learn some body language.

　　b. I dont know what to do next.

　　②.在but(除了) / except (除了)等少數介詞的后面, 可以用帶to的不定式作賓語, 但如果but / except前有實義動詞do的某個形式時, 則but / except后的不定式省略to

　　a. I had no choice but to work hard.

　　b. There is nothing left to do but lie down and sleep.

　　3.作賓補:

　　①.跟不定式作賓補的動詞常見的有: advise, allow, ask, beg, encourage, get, force, invite, expect, order, permit, persuade, require, want, warn, teach, wish等

　　a. Body language helps you to communicate with foreigners.

　　b. Would you like me to help you?

　　c. Do you want me to find out the phone number?

　　②.有些及物動詞(主要是感官動詞和使役動詞)后用不定式作賓補時, 不定式的符號to要省略, 這類及物動詞如: let, make, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, watch, have等. 變成被動語態時, 省略的to要加出

　　a. I heard him go downstairs very early that morning.

　　b. The workers were made to work long hours by the boss.

　　4.作表語

　　a. Our work is to clean the windows.

　　b. My advice is not to drink any more.

　　5.作定語:

　　①.不定式作定語時要后置

　　a. Children, I have something to tell you.

　　b. I am very busy; I have some letters to write.

　　②.動詞不定式作定語時, 其中的動詞與被修飾詞在邏輯上有主謂關系, 動賓關系或同位關系. 如果是動賓關系, 則要求不定式動詞是及物的, 否則, 要在不定式動詞后加上適當的介詞

　　a. He is always the first one to get up.

　　b. Every morning she would bring him the papers to read.

　　c. The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.

　　6.作狀語:

　　①.不定式作狀語時多表示目的, 原因, 結果等

　　a. He got up very early to catch the first bus.

　　b. We eat to live; we dont live to eat.

　　c. We woke up only to find everybody gone.

　　d. We are glad to hear of your success.

　　e. They jumped with joy to see him back.

　　②.不定式作結果或程度狀語時常見的五種搭配是: soas to/ suchas to/ enoughto/ tooto/ only to

　　a. Tom was so foolish as to tell lies to the police.

　　b. I am such a fool as to think that he is warm-hearted.

　　c. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have.

　　d. It was too late to catch a bus after the party, therefore we called a taxi.

　　e. He arrived at the station, only to find the train had left.

　　三.使用動詞不定式時應注意的問題:

　　1.動詞不定式省略符號to的情況:

　　①.在感官動詞和使役動詞后作賓補的不定式省略to(參看上文)

　　②.在一些固定結構中,.動詞不定式省略to, 如: rather than do sth, would rather do sth, had better do sth, why not do sth.

　　a. Rather than ride on a crowed bus, he always prefers a bicycle.

　　b. Why not go out for a walk ?

　　c. I would rather play football than basketball.

　　③.當兩個并列的帶to的不定式由and或or連接時, 第二個不定式的符號to可以省略

　　a. I intend to call on him and discuss the question again.

　　b. She asked you to call or write to her on Sunday.

　　c. I havent decided to go home or to stay at school this summer.

　　2.動詞不定式位于某些形容詞之后, 構成以下句型: S + be + adj. + to do. 在此句型中, 句子主語與不定式動詞do有兩種關系:

　　①.句子主語與不定式動詞是邏輯主謂關系

　　a. They were eager to know everything about China.

　　b. I am sorry to keep you waiting.

　　②.句子主語與不定式動詞是邏輯動賓關系, 這時, 如果不定式動詞是不及物, 則需加上適當的介詞

　　a. The question is easy to answer.

　　b. The chair is very comfortable to sit on.

　　3.疑問詞(除why以外) + to do常含有應該如何如何之意, 可替換成相應的名詞從句

　　a. Would you tell us what to do now? (=Would you tell us what we should do now?)

　　b. Can you tell me where to get the book ? ( =Can you tell me where I should get the book ?)

　　4.作簡短回答或避免不必要的重復時, 動詞不定式常常省略to之后的內容, 而保留to

　　a. Did you go to see the Great Wall ? No, I wanted to, but there wasnt time.

　　b. He wanted to go to Beidaihe, but he wasnt able to.

　　5.不定式的完成式在plan, hope, expect, would like等之后, 表示事實上沒有實現的行為

　　a. He planned to have gone abroad. 他原計劃出國(但事實上沒有去)

　　b. I hoped to have seen her. 我原希望見到她的(但事實上沒見到)

　　c. I would like to have had your help. 我本想得到你的幫助的(實際上我沒有得到)

　　d. The enemy expected to have found him. 敵人本來指望找到他(實際上沒找到)

　　6.動詞不定式的復合結構: for / of sb to do sth. 其中sb是不定式動詞do的邏輯主語

　　a. No permission has been given for anybody to enter the building.

　　b. It was a mistake for her to do such a thing.

　　c. I opened the door for her to come in.

　　d. It is very kind of you to help me.

　　高考英語總復習語法專項 非謂語動詞

　　2009-03-18 11:44 來源：互聯網 作者：佚名 [打印] [評論]

　　非謂語動詞是指不充當謂語的動詞形式, 主要有: 動詞不定式, 分詞(現在分詞和過去分詞), 動名詞. 有關非謂語動詞的概述參看 語法框架中 非謂語動詞部分

　　動詞不定式

　　一.形式: 動詞不定式的一般式是to do, 另外還有一些變化形式如下表:

　　主動被動

　　一般式to doto be done

　　進行式to be doingX

　　完成式to have doneto have been done

　　完成進行式to have been doingX

　　二.動詞不定式在句中的作用: 作主語, 賓語, 賓語補足語, 表語, 定語, 狀語

　　1.作主語:

　　①.不定式作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數

　　a. To smoke is a bad habit.

　　b. To know is one thing; to do is another.

　　②.不定式做主語時, 通常將不定式后移, 而在其位置上用形式主語it

　　a. It is polite to write to your host and say Thank you.

　　b. It is the custom in France to shake hands a lot.

　　2.作賓語:

　　①.不定式通常作動詞的賓語, 也能作少數介詞的賓語

　　a. We want to learn some body language.

　　b. I dont know what to do next.

　　②.在but(除了) / except (除了)等少數介詞的后面, 可以用帶to的不定式作賓語, 但如果but / except前有實義動詞do的某個形式時, 則but / except后的不定式省略to

　　a. I had no choice but to work hard.

　　b. There is nothing left to do but lie down and sleep.

　　3.作賓補:

　　①.跟不定式作賓補的動詞常見的有: advise, allow, ask, beg, encourage, get, force, invite, expect, order, permit, persuade, require, want, warn, teach, wish等

　　a. Body language helps you to communicate with foreigners.

　　b. Would you like me to help you?

　　c. Do you want me to find out the phone number?

　　②.有些及物動詞(主要是感官動詞和使役動詞)后用不定式作賓補時, 不定式的符號to要省略, 這類及物動詞如: let, make, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, watch, have等. 變成被動語態時, 省略的to要加出

　　a. I heard him go downstairs very early that morning.

　　b. The workers were made to work long hours by the boss.

　　4.作表語

　　a. Our work is to clean the windows.

　　b. My advice is not to drink any more.

　　5.作定語:

　　①.不定式作定語時要后置

　　a. Children, I have something to tell you.

　　b. I am very busy; I have some letters to write.

　　②.動詞不定式作定語時, 其中的動詞與被修飾詞在邏輯上有主謂關系, 動賓關系或同位關系. 如果是動賓關系, 則要求不定式動詞是及物的, 否則, 要在不定式動詞后加上適當的介詞

　　a. He is always the first one to get up.

　　b. Every morning she would bring him the papers to read.

　　c. The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.

　　6.作狀語:

　　①.不定式作狀語時多表示目的, 原因, 結果等

　　a. He got up very early to catch the first bus.

　　b. We eat to live; we dont live to eat.

　　c. We woke up only to find everybody gone.

　　d. We are glad to hear of your success.

　　e. They jumped with joy to see him back.

　　②.不定式作結果或程度狀語時常見的五種搭配是: soas to/ suchas to/ enoughto/ tooto/ only to

　　a. Tom was so foolish as to tell lies to the police.

　　b. I am such a fool as to think that he is warm-hearted.

　　c. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have.

　　d. It was too late to catch a bus after the party, therefore we called a taxi.

　　e. He arrived at the station, only to find the train had left.

　　三.使用動詞不定式時應注意的問題:

　　1.動詞不定式省略符號to的情況:

　　①.在感官動詞和使役動詞后作賓補的不定式省略to(參看上文)

　　②.在一些固定結構中,.動詞不定式省略to, 如: rather than do sth, would rather do sth, had better do sth, why not do sth.

　　a. Rather than ride on a crowed bus, he always prefers a bicycle.

　　b. Why not go out for a walk ?

　　c. I would rather play football than basketball.

　　③.當兩個并列的帶to的不定式由and或or連接時, 第二個不定式的符號to可以省略

　　a. I intend to call on him and discuss the question again.

　　b. She asked you to call or write to her on Sunday.

　　c. I havent decided to go home or to stay at school this summer.

　　2.動詞不定式位于某些形容詞之后, 構成以下句型: S + be + adj. + to do. 在此句型中, 句子主語與不定式動詞do有兩種關系:

　　①.句子主語與不定式動詞是邏輯主謂關系

　　a. They were eager to know everything about China.

　　b. I am sorry to keep you waiting.

　　②.句子主語與不定式動詞是邏輯動賓關系, 這時, 如果不定式動詞是不及物, 則需加上適當的介詞

　　a. The question is easy to answer.

　　b. The chair is very comfortable to sit on.

　　3.疑問詞(除why以外) + to do常含有應該如何如何之意, 可替換成相應的名詞從句

　　a. Would you tell us what to do now? (=Would you tell us what we should do now?)

　　b. Can you tell me where to get the book ? ( =Can you tell me where I should get the book ?)

　　4.作簡短回答或避免不必要的重復時, 動詞不定式常常省略to之后的內容, 而保留to

　　a. Did you go to see the Great Wall ? No, I wanted to, but there wasnt time.

　　b. He wanted to go to Beidaihe, but he wasnt able to.

　　5.不定式的完成式在plan, hope, expect, would like等之后, 表示事實上沒有實現的行為

　　a. He planned to have gone abroad. 他原計劃出國(但事實上沒有去)

　　b. I hoped to have seen her. 我原希望見到她的(但事實上沒見到)

　　c. I would like to have had your help. 我本想得到你的幫助的(實際上我沒有得到)

　　d. The enemy expected to have found him. 敵人本來指望找到他(實際上沒找到)

　　6.動詞不定式的復合結構: for / of sb to do sth. 其中sb是不定式動詞do的邏輯主語

　　a. No permission has been given for anybody to enter the building.

　　b. It was a mistake for her to do such a thing.

　　c. I opened the door for her to come in.

　　d. It is very kind of you to help me.