高中英語語法-英語中的種種省略現象(二)
英語中的種種省略現象(二)
三、簡單句中的省略
1.省略主語
(1)祈使句中的主語通常被省略 如:(You) Open the door,please.
( 2)其它省略主語多限于現成的說法 如:
① (I) Thank you for your help 謝謝你的幫助。
② (It)Doesnt matter.沒關系。
2.省略主謂語或主謂語的一部分
如:①(There is) No smoking .禁止抽煙
② (Is there)anything else ? 還有其它事嗎 ?
③ (You come)This way please.請這邊走。
④ (Will you) Have a smoke ? 抽煙嗎 ?
3.省略賓語
如:Do you know Mr. Li ? I dont know (him.)
4.省略表語
如:Are you thirsty ? Yes,I am (thirsty)5.同時省略幾個成分 如:Are you feeling better now? 你覺得好些了嗎 ?(I am feeling ) Much better (now) 好多了。(I wish) Good luck (to you) .祝你好運/祝你順利。
四、動詞不定式省略,只保留to 的場合
1.不定式作某些動詞的賓語時,這些動詞常見的有:love,like,care,wish,hope,expect,prefer,refuse,mean,try,oblige,advise,persuade,agree,want,afford,forget,remember,try,manage等。如:(1)(2000上海春) You should have thanked her before you left . I meant to,but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere .你本該在離開前謝謝她,我本打算這么做,但當我就要離開的時候我卻找不到她了。(2) You can do it this way if you like to .如果你想做,你可以這么做。
2.不定式作某些動詞的賓語補足語或主語補足語時,這些動詞常見的有:ask,tell,advise,force,persuade,wish,allow,permit,forbid,expect,order,warn 等。如 :
(1)(NMET1995) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him not to .
(2) She wants to come but her parents wont allow her to
3.不定式在句中作某些形容詞的狀語時,常見的形容詞有 :happy,glad,eager,anxious,willing,ready 等。如: (NMET1995) I will be away on a business trip .Could you mind looking after my cat ? Not at all .I would be happy to
4.不定式作某些復合謂語時,常見結構如:be able to,be going to,have to,ought to,used to等。如: He doesnt like fish but he used to 他現在不喜歡吃魚,但過去喜歡。
五、動詞不定式to 的省略
1.主語部分有to do,系動詞 is 或 was 時,作表語的不定式通常省去to.如: The only thing you have to do is press the button.你必須做的唯一事情是按按鈕。
2.作介詞but,expect,besides 的賓語,前面又有實意動詞 do時,不定式通常省去to. 如:He said that Chen Shuibian had nothing to do except push a pro-independence timetable.他說陳水扁除了推進支持獨立的時間表外,什么也沒有做。
3.主語部分暗含to do,表語中的不定式通常省去to.如:All I want (to do) is go to school and study hard .我想要(做)的就是上學,努力學習。
4.當兩個或多個不定式并列時,其后的不定式符號可以省略,但有對比關系時不可省略。如:It is easier to say than to do .
5.在would ratherthan 等結構中,不定式符號常常要省略。 如:I would rather stay at home than go to see a film.我寧愿呆在家也不愿去看電影。
6.在see,watch,notice,hear,listen to,look at,feel,have,make,let,observe 等詞后作賓語補足語時省略不定式符號to; why (not) do 結構 中,不定式不帶to.
(1) I saw her enter the room . 我看見她進入了房間。
(2) Why not join us ?為什么不加入到我們的行列里來呢?
六.其它一些省略結構
1.名詞所有格修飾的名詞,若表示住宅、店鋪、教堂或上下文已暗示或明確指出過的事物時,常常可以省略。如:We spent the weekend at the Marys.我們在瑪麗家過的周末。
2.What和 how引導的感嘆句中,常可省略主語 it 和be動詞 如:
(1) What a wonderful victory (it is ) for Tom !
(2) How beautiful (it is ) to be treated like a normal child .
中學英語教學資源網
[1][2]
英語中的種種省略現象(二)
三、簡單句中的省略
1.省略主語
(1)祈使句中的主語通常被省略 如:(You) Open the door,please.
( 2)其它省略主語多限于現成的說法 如:
① (I) Thank you for your help 謝謝你的幫助。
② (It)Doesnt matter.沒關系。
2.省略主謂語或主謂語的一部分
如:①(There is) No smoking .禁止抽煙
② (Is there)anything else ? 還有其它事嗎 ?
③ (You come)This way please.請這邊走。
④ (Will you) Have a smoke ? 抽煙嗎 ?
3.省略賓語
如:Do you know Mr. Li ? I dont know (him.)
4.省略表語
如:Are you thirsty ? Yes,I am (thirsty)5.同時省略幾個成分 如:Are you feeling better now? 你覺得好些了嗎 ?(I am feeling ) Much better (now) 好多了。(I wish) Good luck (to you) .祝你好運/祝你順利。
四、動詞不定式省略,只保留to 的場合
1.不定式作某些動詞的賓語時,這些動詞常見的有:love,like,care,wish,hope,expect,prefer,refuse,mean,try,oblige,advise,persuade,agree,want,afford,forget,remember,try,manage等。如:(1)(2000上海春) You should have thanked her before you left . I meant to,but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere .你本該在離開前謝謝她,我本打算這么做,但當我就要離開的時候我卻找不到她了。(2) You can do it this way if you like to .如果你想做,你可以這么做。
2.不定式作某些動詞的賓語補足語或主語補足語時,這些動詞常見的有:ask,tell,advise,force,persuade,wish,allow,permit,forbid,expect,order,warn 等。如 :
(1)(NMET1995) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him not to .
(2) She wants to come but her parents wont allow her to
3.不定式在句中作某些形容詞的狀語時,常見的形容詞有 :happy,glad,eager,anxious,willing,ready 等。如: (NMET1995) I will be away on a business trip .Could you mind looking after my cat ? Not at all .I would be happy to
4.不定式作某些復合謂語時,常見結構如:be able to,be going to,have to,ought to,used to等。如: He doesnt like fish but he used to 他現在不喜歡吃魚,但過去喜歡。
五、動詞不定式to 的省略
1.主語部分有to do,系動詞 is 或 was 時,作表語的不定式通常省去to.如: The only thing you have to do is press the button.你必須做的唯一事情是按按鈕。
2.作介詞but,expect,besides 的賓語,前面又有實意動詞 do時,不定式通常省去to. 如:He said that Chen Shuibian had nothing to do except push a pro-independence timetable.他說陳水扁除了推進支持獨立的時間表外,什么也沒有做。
3.主語部分暗含to do,表語中的不定式通常省去to.如:All I want (to do) is go to school and study hard .我想要(做)的就是上學,努力學習。
4.當兩個或多個不定式并列時,其后的不定式符號可以省略,但有對比關系時不可省略。如:It is easier to say than to do .
5.在would ratherthan 等結構中,不定式符號常常要省略。 如:I would rather stay at home than go to see a film.我寧愿呆在家也不愿去看電影。
6.在see,watch,notice,hear,listen to,look at,feel,have,make,let,observe 等詞后作賓語補足語時省略不定式符號to; why (not) do 結構 中,不定式不帶to.
(1) I saw her enter the room . 我看見她進入了房間。
(2) Why not join us ?為什么不加入到我們的行列里來呢?
六.其它一些省略結構
1.名詞所有格修飾的名詞,若表示住宅、店鋪、教堂或上下文已暗示或明確指出過的事物時,常常可以省略。如:We spent the weekend at the Marys.我們在瑪麗家過的周末。
2.What和 how引導的感嘆句中,常可省略主語 it 和be動詞 如:
(1) What a wonderful victory (it is ) for Tom !
(2) How beautiful (it is ) to be treated like a normal child .
中學英語教學資源網
[1][2]