2011高考英語閱讀理解匯編:科普知識類（湖南卷）
（2011湖南卷）C
A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct (不同的) species
The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephantsthe Asian elephant, African forest elephant and African savanna elephant
Once they obtained DNA sequences (序列) from two fossils (化石)，mammoths and mastodons the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants. They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.
The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephants and the African forest elephants have been distinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists.
There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species.
Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species despite the elephants significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5metres. The savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons, roughly double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However, the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA.
Alfred Roca, assistant professor in the department of Animal Sciences at the University of Minois, said, We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation purpose. Since 1950 all African elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinct animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority (優先)for conservation purpose .
66. One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of ________.
A. the Asian elephant B. the forest elephant
C. the savanna elephant D. the mastodon elephant
67. The underlined word divergence in paragraph 4means ________
A. evolution B. exhibition C. separation D. examination
68. The researchers conclusion was based on a study of the African elephants ____________
A. DNA B. height C. weight D. population
69. What were Alfred Rocas words mainly about?
A. The conversation of African elephants.
B. The purpose of studying African elephants
C. The way to divide African elephants into two units
D. The reason for the distinction of African elephants
70. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. Naturalists Belief about Elephants. B. Amazing Experiment about Elephants
C. An Unexpected Finding about Elephants D. A Long scientific Debate about Elephants
C 科普說明文：African elephant 有兩個不同的種類
66. fossils 定位，找到第三段第一句，有兩種fossils，mam和mas，選項D
67. 文中divergence of the two species指代前文the Ase and the Afe have been distinct species, divergence與distinct同義替換，對應選項C
68. conclusion, based on定位，找到倒數第二段最后一句lay in 與based on 同義替換，答案：A
69. AR定位，找到倒數第一段，從AR的話中，第一句for conservation purpose, 最后一句for conservation purpose確定A
70.文章首句點明全文主旨，答案：C
（2011湖南卷）C
A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct (不同的) species
The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephantsthe Asian elephant, African forest elephant and African savanna elephant
Once they obtained DNA sequences (序列) from two fossils (化石)，mammoths and mastodons the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants. They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.
The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephants and the African forest elephants have been distinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists.
There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species.
Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species despite the elephants significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5metres. The savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons, roughly double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However, the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA.
Alfred Roca, assistant professor in the department of Animal Sciences at the University of Minois, said, We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation purpose. Since 1950 all African elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinct animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority (優先)for conservation purpose .
66. One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of ________.
A. the Asian elephant B. the forest elephant
C. the savanna elephant D. the mastodon elephant
67. The underlined word divergence in paragraph 4means ________
A. evolution B. exhibition C. separation D. examination
68. The researchers conclusion was based on a study of the African elephants ____________
A. DNA B. height C. weight D. population
69. What were Alfred Rocas words mainly about?
A. The conversation of African elephants.
B. The purpose of studying African elephants
C. The way to divide African elephants into two units
D. The reason for the distinction of African elephants
70. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. Naturalists Belief about Elephants. B. Amazing Experiment about Elephants
C. An Unexpected Finding about Elephants D. A Long scientific Debate about Elephants
C 科普說明文：African elephant 有兩個不同的種類
66. fossils 定位，找到第三段第一句，有兩種fossils，mam和mas，選項D
67. 文中divergence of the two species指代前文the Ase and the Afe have been distinct species, divergence與distinct同義替換，對應選項C
68. conclusion, based on定位，找到倒數第二段最后一句lay in 與based on 同義替換，答案：A
69. AR定位，找到倒數第一段，從AR的話中，第一句for conservation purpose, 最后一句for conservation purpose確定A
70.文章首句點明全文主旨，答案：C
