名師指點(diǎn):中考英語(yǔ)使用There be句型要注意的問(wèn)題
There be句型的基本用法是表示某地(或某時(shí))存在有某人(或某物),而并非某地(某人、某物或某時(shí))擁有什么東西,其形式為T(mén)here be+代詞或名詞(短語(yǔ))+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。(其實(shí)質(zhì)句式為倒裝句)這里there是引導(dǎo)詞,沒(méi)有詞義,be是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,代詞或名詞(短語(yǔ))是主語(yǔ)。be要與主語(yǔ)保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。否定句是在be后加not;一般疑問(wèn)句是將be放在句首;反意疑問(wèn)句中的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句是由be(或其否定式)+there構(gòu)成。例如:
1.There is a desk and two chairs in the room.
(緊挨著be動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)是a desk,是單數(shù),故be的形式要用is)
2.There aren't two chairs and a desk in the room.(否定句)
3.Is there anything wrong with your ears?(Yes,there is/No,there isn't.)
4.There wasn't a meeting yesterday,was there?(反意疑問(wèn)句)
除此之外,還有一個(gè)重要句式有某人在做某事,要用There be+sb.+doing sth.+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如:
There are several children swimming in the river.河里有幾個(gè)孩子在游泳。
不難看出,各種時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過(guò)be動(dòng)詞的變化來(lái)體現(xiàn)的。我們?cè)谑褂眠^(guò)程中,首要的問(wèn)題是弄清楚There be與have所表示的意義。There be句型表示存在關(guān)系,have表示所屬關(guān)系,兩者不能混合在一個(gè)句子中。
例如:我們要說(shuō)明天有一個(gè)班會(huì)。
(1)There will have a class meeting tomorrow.()
(2)There is going to/will be a class meeting tomorrow.()
有時(shí)候既表示存在又表示所屬時(shí),兩種都可以用。
例如:Class Three have a map of China on the wall.(地圖為三班學(xué)生所有。)
There is a map of China on the wall in Class Three.(地圖存在于三班。)
由此看來(lái),There will have是錯(cuò)誤的搭配方式。
使用There be句型時(shí)除了掌握基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)外,還應(yīng)注意以下問(wèn)題:
1.There be句型的考查更多的是將be動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)結(jié)合在一起進(jìn)行的,即主謂的一致性。
例如:(1)There is _____ on the floor.
(2)There are _____ on the floor.
選項(xiàng):A.cat B.water C.boxes D.football
解析:(1)由is可知主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,而A、D項(xiàng)中都缺少冠詞a,故選B,同理可知(2)應(yīng)選C。
2.如果作主語(yǔ)的是一個(gè)短語(yǔ),則常??疾槎陶Z(yǔ)中的修飾語(yǔ)??蓴?shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式前可以用any,some,few,a few,many或用數(shù)詞+hundred/thousand/million,hundreds/thousands/millions of,no等修飾;不可數(shù)名詞可以受any,some,no,little,a little,much等詞的修飾。例如:
(1)There were_____students in our school.
A.hundreds B.eight hundred
C.eight hundreds of
(2)There is _____water.You needn't get some more.
A.few B.little C.much
解析:(1)由數(shù)詞與名詞的搭配關(guān)系可知選B,(2)由water可知排除A項(xiàng),再由后一句意思便知選C。
3.注意不定代詞的用法。
(1)不定代詞在句中作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如:There is nothing in the fridge.
(2)不定代詞受形容詞修飾時(shí)要放在形容詞前面。例如:There is something interesting in today's newspaper.
4.There be句型的反意疑問(wèn)句,要注意陳述部分的形式。
如果陳述部分含有l(wèi)ittle,few,no,nobody,none等否定詞時(shí),后面的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句中要用肯定形式。例如:There is nobody in the room,is there?
但有的含有否定意義的形容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí)則仍看做肯定句式。例如:There is something unusual in the room,isn't there?
5.要注意句子前后意思的一致性。
有的句子單獨(dú)看其意義時(shí),可能不止一個(gè)選項(xiàng)適合于它,但如果聯(lián)系上下句的意思則只能有一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x項(xiàng)。
例如:(1)There is _____ food.You needn't buy any.
A.any B.some C.no
(2) There is _____ food.You have to buy some.
A.any B.some C.no
從這兩題中的第一個(gè)句子來(lái)看均可選用some和no,但與后面的句意結(jié)合看,答案則是唯一的:(1)B;(2)C。
6.There be句型還有就近一致原則:即be動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與離它最近的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。
例如:用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
(1)There ___ an apple and three oranges on the table.
(2)___ there three oranges and an apple on the table?
解析:(1)因?yàn)樵摼渲衋n apple才是與be動(dòng)詞接近的主語(yǔ),而并非an apple and three oranges是句子的主語(yǔ),故而(1)的答案應(yīng)為is。
(2)因?yàn)樵摼渲衪hree oranges才是與be動(dòng)詞接近的主語(yǔ),而并非three oranges and an apple是句子的主語(yǔ),故而(2)的答案應(yīng)為Are。
There be句型命題趨向有兩個(gè)方面:一是進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)對(duì)知識(shí)的理解與運(yùn)用方面的考查。例如be動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)的一致性、名詞或代詞的修飾語(yǔ)、搭配關(guān)系、含否定詞的反意疑問(wèn)句等。二是有可能出現(xiàn)有某人在做某事這一句型,即There be+sb.+doing sth.+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。另外,還得提醒一下同學(xué)們,如果要表達(dá)諸如這里/那里(挺漂亮)等這樣的修飾句型,應(yīng)用Its here/there.而不是Here/there is。
中考原題
1.Oh,there isn't enough _____ for us in the lift.
It doesn't matter,let's wait for the next.
A.ground B.floor C.place D.room
2.There _____ an English Evening next Tuesday.
A.was B.will be
C.will have D.are going to be
3.There _____ a football game in our school.
A.has B.will have C.will be
4.There is going to _____ a report _____ Chinese history in our school this evening.
A.have;on B.be;on
C.have;for D.be;of
5.There is _____ food here.We'll have to buy some.
A.any B.some C.no
6.There are _____ days in a week.
A.the seven B.seventh
C.the seventh D.seven
7.There are few _____ in the fridge.Let's go and buy some peas,carrots and cabbages.
A.vegetables B.fruit
C.meat D.eggs
8.Look!There are some _____ on the floor.
A.child B.water C.boxes D.girl
9.There were two _____ people at yesterday's meeting.
A.hundreds B.hundreds of
C.hundred
10.The letter from my uncle was short.There wasn't _____ news.
A.many B.a few
C.much D.few
參考答案
15 D B C B C
610 D A C C C
There be句型的基本用法是表示某地(或某時(shí))存在有某人(或某物),而并非某地(某人、某物或某時(shí))擁有什么東西,其形式為T(mén)here be+代詞或名詞(短語(yǔ))+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。(其實(shí)質(zhì)句式為倒裝句)這里there是引導(dǎo)詞,沒(méi)有詞義,be是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,代詞或名詞(短語(yǔ))是主語(yǔ)。be要與主語(yǔ)保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。否定句是在be后加not;一般疑問(wèn)句是將be放在句首;反意疑問(wèn)句中的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句是由be(或其否定式)+there構(gòu)成。例如:
1.There is a desk and two chairs in the room.
(緊挨著be動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)是a desk,是單數(shù),故be的形式要用is)
2.There aren't two chairs and a desk in the room.(否定句)
3.Is there anything wrong with your ears?(Yes,there is/No,there isn't.)
4.There wasn't a meeting yesterday,was there?(反意疑問(wèn)句)
除此之外,還有一個(gè)重要句式有某人在做某事,要用There be+sb.+doing sth.+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如:
There are several children swimming in the river.河里有幾個(gè)孩子在游泳。
不難看出,各種時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過(guò)be動(dòng)詞的變化來(lái)體現(xiàn)的。我們?cè)谑褂眠^(guò)程中,首要的問(wèn)題是弄清楚There be與have所表示的意義。There be句型表示存在關(guān)系,have表示所屬關(guān)系,兩者不能混合在一個(gè)句子中。
例如:我們要說(shuō)明天有一個(gè)班會(huì)。
(1)There will have a class meeting tomorrow.()
(2)There is going to/will be a class meeting tomorrow.()
有時(shí)候既表示存在又表示所屬時(shí),兩種都可以用。
例如:Class Three have a map of China on the wall.(地圖為三班學(xué)生所有。)
There is a map of China on the wall in Class Three.(地圖存在于三班。)
由此看來(lái),There will have是錯(cuò)誤的搭配方式。
使用There be句型時(shí)除了掌握基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)外,還應(yīng)注意以下問(wèn)題:
1.There be句型的考查更多的是將be動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)結(jié)合在一起進(jìn)行的,即主謂的一致性。
例如:(1)There is _____ on the floor.
(2)There are _____ on the floor.
選項(xiàng):A.cat B.water C.boxes D.football
解析:(1)由is可知主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,而A、D項(xiàng)中都缺少冠詞a,故選B,同理可知(2)應(yīng)選C。
2.如果作主語(yǔ)的是一個(gè)短語(yǔ),則常常考查短語(yǔ)中的修飾語(yǔ)??蓴?shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式前可以用any,some,few,a few,many或用數(shù)詞+hundred/thousand/million,hundreds/thousands/millions of,no等修飾;不可數(shù)名詞可以受any,some,no,little,a little,much等詞的修飾。例如:
(1)There were_____students in our school.
A.hundreds B.eight hundred
C.eight hundreds of
(2)There is _____water.You needn't get some more.
A.few B.little C.much
解析:(1)由數(shù)詞與名詞的搭配關(guān)系可知選B,(2)由water可知排除A項(xiàng),再由后一句意思便知選C。
3.注意不定代詞的用法。
(1)不定代詞在句中作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如:There is nothing in the fridge.
(2)不定代詞受形容詞修飾時(shí)要放在形容詞前面。例如:There is something interesting in today's newspaper.
4.There be句型的反意疑問(wèn)句,要注意陳述部分的形式。
如果陳述部分含有l(wèi)ittle,few,no,nobody,none等否定詞時(shí),后面的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句中要用肯定形式。例如:There is nobody in the room,is there?
但有的含有否定意義的形容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí)則仍看做肯定句式。例如:There is something unusual in the room,isn't there?
5.要注意句子前后意思的一致性。
有的句子單獨(dú)看其意義時(shí),可能不止一個(gè)選項(xiàng)適合于它,但如果聯(lián)系上下句的意思則只能有一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x項(xiàng)。
例如:(1)There is _____ food.You needn't buy any.
A.any B.some C.no
(2) There is _____ food.You have to buy some.
A.any B.some C.no
從這兩題中的第一個(gè)句子來(lái)看均可選用some和no,但與后面的句意結(jié)合看,答案則是唯一的:(1)B;(2)C。
6.There be句型還有就近一致原則:即be動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與離它最近的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。
例如:用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
(1)There ___ an apple and three oranges on the table.
(2)___ there three oranges and an apple on the table?
解析:(1)因?yàn)樵摼渲衋n apple才是與be動(dòng)詞接近的主語(yǔ),而并非an apple and three oranges是句子的主語(yǔ),故而(1)的答案應(yīng)為is。
(2)因?yàn)樵摼渲衪hree oranges才是與be動(dòng)詞接近的主語(yǔ),而并非three oranges and an apple是句子的主語(yǔ),故而(2)的答案應(yīng)為Are。
There be句型命題趨向有兩個(gè)方面:一是進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)對(duì)知識(shí)的理解與運(yùn)用方面的考查。例如be動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)的一致性、名詞或代詞的修飾語(yǔ)、搭配關(guān)系、含否定詞的反意疑問(wèn)句等。二是有可能出現(xiàn)有某人在做某事這一句型,即There be+sb.+doing sth.+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。另外,還得提醒一下同學(xué)們,如果要表達(dá)諸如這里/那里(挺漂亮)等這樣的修飾句型,應(yīng)用Its here/there.而不是Here/there is。
中考原題
1.Oh,there isn't enough _____ for us in the lift.
It doesn't matter,let's wait for the next.
A.ground B.floor C.place D.room
2.There _____ an English Evening next Tuesday.
A.was B.will be
C.will have D.are going to be
3.There _____ a football game in our school.
A.has B.will have C.will be
4.There is going to _____ a report _____ Chinese history in our school this evening.
A.have;on B.be;on
C.have;for D.be;of
5.There is _____ food here.We'll have to buy some.
A.any B.some C.no
6.There are _____ days in a week.
A.the seven B.seventh
C.the seventh D.seven
7.There are few _____ in the fridge.Let's go and buy some peas,carrots and cabbages.
A.vegetables B.fruit
C.meat D.eggs
8.Look!There are some _____ on the floor.
A.child B.water C.boxes D.girl
9.There were two _____ people at yesterday's meeting.
A.hundreds B.hundreds of
C.hundred
10.The letter from my uncle was short.There wasn't _____ news.
A.many B.a few
C.much D.few
參考答案
15 D B C B C
610 D A C C C