英語語法知識考查要點
英語語法知識考查要點
1. 名詞
?(1) 不規則名詞的單、復數形式要特別記憶:
?manmen, womanwomen, childchildren, footfeet, toothteeth
?(2) 單數、復數同形的名詞:
?fish, sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese
?(3) 常用復數形的名詞:
?trousers, shoes, glasses
?(4) 只有復數形的名詞:
?thanks, clothes
?(5) 單數形式但其意為復數的可數名詞:
?people, police
?(6) 有生命的名詞所有格形式:
?單數名詞加's, 復數名詞加s', 不是以s結尾的復數名詞加?'s?, 如: children's
room
?(7) 無生命的名詞所有格用of結構表達:
?如: the capital of China
?(8) 表示并列名詞各自所有,在各名詞詞尾加's:
?如: Tom's and Mary's bikes (兩人各自的自行車)
?(9) 表示并列名詞共同所有,則在后一個名詞的詞尾加's:?
如: Tom and Mary's mother (即Tom與Mary是兄妹)
?(10) 關于時間、距離、長度、重量、價格的所有格:
?如: ten minutes' walk, ten miles' journey, a boat's length, two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth
?(11) 雙重所有格:
?a friend of my father's
2. 形容詞與副詞
?(1) 原級,比較級,最高級詞形變化:
?① [單元音+單輔音]的單音節詞
?fatfatterfattest
?thinthinnerthinnest
?hothotterhottest
?bigbiggerbiggest
?② 以y結尾的雙音節詞
?easyeasiereasiest
?heavyheavierheaviest
?prettyprettierprettiest
③ 劣級比較
?less+形容詞/副詞原級+than
?例: She is less beautiful than Mary.
?④ 兩者之間用比較級,在比較級前加定冠詞,三者以上用最高級
?例: He is the taller of the two.?
She is the best player of the three.
?⑤ 越越的表達法
?例: The days are getting hotter and hotter.
?The more you study, the more you learn.
?⑥ 修飾比較級的詞有:much, by far, even, a little, a great deal
?例: She is much better now.
?? 切記不要用比較級來修飾比較級。
3. 連詞
?(1) 動詞與*近的主語一致:
?這樣的連詞有: or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also。
?(2) or的用法:
?① 作或者講
?例: You or your friend has to go to the teachers' office.
?② 作否則講
?例: Hurry up, or you will be late for school.
?(3) and與but:
?例: He has no money and he is poor.?
He is poor but he is honest.
4. 介詞
?(1) 表示時間:
?at: 表示某一時間點
?如: at noon
?on: 表示特定的日子
?如: on Christmas
?in: 表示一段不具體的時間
?如: in the morning, in the Second world war
?? 如表示在某一特定的早上、下午則用on
?如: on a cold morning, on a hot afternoon, on Sunday morning
?during: 表示期間內的某個時期
?如: during the night, during the Second World War
?for: 其后接表示一段時間長度的詞
?如: for three days
?through: 表示在整個期間沒有間歇
?例: It snowed through the night.
?till/until: 表示動作持續的終點
?例:I studied hard till twelve o'clock last night.
?by: 表示動作完成期限
?例: I'll be back by five o'clock.
?since: 表示某動作的起始點
?例:I have studied English since 1990.
?(2) 表示地點:
?at: 表示較小的地點
?如: arrived at the school gate
?in: 表示較大的地點
?如: arrived in Shanghai
?for: 表示目的地
?例: I'll leave for Shanghai.
?above: 表示上面,上方,其反意詞是below
?over: 表示垂直上方,其反意詞是under
?例: The dog jumped over the table.
?through: 表示穿過
?如: through the forest
?across: 表示平原上的跨越
?例: I want to walk across the road.
5. 動詞
?(1) 動詞的時態:
?① 一般現在時
?一般現在時的主要用法有兩點:其一表示一經常發生的動作,如: I always go to scho
ol at seven. 其二表示某一真理,事實,如: The earth moves around the sun.
?② 現在完成時
?現在完成時的主要用法有兩點:其一表示某一動作發生于過去,并持續下來,到現在完成
。如: I have studied English for two years. 其二表示某動作發生于過去并已結束,但其影響到現在。如: I haven't had my lunch. I'm hungry now.
?與現在完成時連用的詞語有:yet, already, before, since, ever, never等。
?其考查要點:
?其一: Have been表示曾經去過,如:I have been to America twice. 說此話的人應
已經回到國內。而He has gone to Japan.則此人目前已到日本去了。
?其二: 截止性動詞可以有現在完成時,但不可與表示一段長度的詞連用,如: The class has begun. The class has been on for five minutes.
?③ 一般過去時
?表示過去發生的動作,過去的習慣或反復發生的動作。如: Who broke the window? In those days, I studied hard at night every day. 與過去時連用的時間狀語有: at that time, ago, in 1949, just now (剛才), last night, yesterday
?④ 一般將來時
?純將來時的表示法: shall/will+動詞原形
?例: I'll leave for Shanghai this evening.
?表示按計劃要做或可能做的事: be going to+動詞原形
?例: I'm going to help you tonight.
?將來時的特殊表示法
?a. be+coming/leaving/going/starting/arriving
?例: Don't worry. I'm coming.
?b. be about to+動詞原形
?例: He is about to leave, when the telephone rings.
?c. 狀語從句中用一般現在時表示將來
?例: If it rains tomorrow I won't go to the party.
?(2) 情態動詞:
?can: 能,會
?例: He can do it very well.
?may: 許可,可能性
?例: May I use your pen?
?must: 必要,禁止(多表示主觀看法)
?例: You mustn't play with fire.
?have to: 不得不(多表示客觀之事)
?例: I have to go, because I have a meeting.
?could與would:二者用于現在時表示語氣的委婉
?例: Could you help me?
6.句型
(1) 賓語從句:
?由疑問代詞或副詞引出的賓語從句
?例: Could you tell me where the post office is??
Could you tell me what he said? (what作said的賓語)
?由that引出的賓語從句
?例: They said that they would give me some help. (that 僅作引導詞)
?? 賓語從句中的疑問句要用陳述語序。
?例: He asked when we would leave home.
(2) 狀語從句:
?狀語從句可包括:時間/地點/原因/結果/目的等狀語從句。
?例:I will come when I am free.?
I'm late because my bike is broken.?
He went so early that he got a good seat.?
She studied hard so that she would pass the exam.
?? 狀語從句要用一般現在時表示將來。
?例: If it rains tomorrow I shall not go to the cinema.
?? 表示在一長動作進行過程中某一動作突然發生則長動作要用進行時態,而突發性 動作要用一般時態。
?例: When I'm reading a book, the telephone rings.
(3) 反意疑問句
?例: She can swim across the river, can't she??
It's a fine day, isn't it??
Marry needs to have a rest, doesn't she??
You have nothing to do, do you??
He seldom does homework, does he??
Don't open the door, will you??
Open the door please, will you??
Let us have a rest, will you??
Let's go, shall we?
(4) 感嘆句:
?例. What a hot day it is!?
How hot the weather is!
7. 不定式
?(1) 不定式在句中作賓語,狀語:
? 例: It has begun to rain.?
I want to go to the cinema.
?(2) 不定式與疑問詞連用:
? 例: I want to know how to work.
? I want to know what to do.
?(3) 不定式的否定句:
? 例: He told me not to do it.
?④ 省略to的不定式:
? 例: I saw him come this morning.
這樣的動詞有see, hear, watch等感官動詞,及have(作讓、使講) make, let.
英語語法知識考查要點
1. 名詞
?(1) 不規則名詞的單、復數形式要特別記憶:
?manmen, womanwomen, childchildren, footfeet, toothteeth
?(2) 單數、復數同形的名詞:
?fish, sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese
?(3) 常用復數形的名詞:
?trousers, shoes, glasses
?(4) 只有復數形的名詞:
?thanks, clothes
?(5) 單數形式但其意為復數的可數名詞:
?people, police
?(6) 有生命的名詞所有格形式:
?單數名詞加's, 復數名詞加s', 不是以s結尾的復數名詞加?'s?, 如: children's
room
?(7) 無生命的名詞所有格用of結構表達:
?如: the capital of China
?(8) 表示并列名詞各自所有,在各名詞詞尾加's:
?如: Tom's and Mary's bikes (兩人各自的自行車)
?(9) 表示并列名詞共同所有,則在后一個名詞的詞尾加's:?
如: Tom and Mary's mother (即Tom與Mary是兄妹)
?(10) 關于時間、距離、長度、重量、價格的所有格:
?如: ten minutes' walk, ten miles' journey, a boat's length, two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth
?(11) 雙重所有格:
?a friend of my father's
2. 形容詞與副詞
?(1) 原級,比較級,最高級詞形變化:
?① [單元音+單輔音]的單音節詞
?fatfatterfattest
?thinthinnerthinnest
?hothotterhottest
?bigbiggerbiggest
?② 以y結尾的雙音節詞
?easyeasiereasiest
?heavyheavierheaviest
?prettyprettierprettiest
③ 劣級比較
?less+形容詞/副詞原級+than
?例: She is less beautiful than Mary.
?④ 兩者之間用比較級,在比較級前加定冠詞,三者以上用最高級
?例: He is the taller of the two.?
She is the best player of the three.
?⑤ 越越的表達法
?例: The days are getting hotter and hotter.
?The more you study, the more you learn.
?⑥ 修飾比較級的詞有:much, by far, even, a little, a great deal
?例: She is much better now.
?? 切記不要用比較級來修飾比較級。
3. 連詞
?(1) 動詞與*近的主語一致:
?這樣的連詞有: or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also。
?(2) or的用法:
?① 作或者講
?例: You or your friend has to go to the teachers' office.
?② 作否則講
?例: Hurry up, or you will be late for school.
?(3) and與but:
?例: He has no money and he is poor.?
He is poor but he is honest.
4. 介詞
?(1) 表示時間:
?at: 表示某一時間點
?如: at noon
?on: 表示特定的日子
?如: on Christmas
?in: 表示一段不具體的時間
?如: in the morning, in the Second world war
?? 如表示在某一特定的早上、下午則用on
?如: on a cold morning, on a hot afternoon, on Sunday morning
?during: 表示期間內的某個時期
?如: during the night, during the Second World War
?for: 其后接表示一段時間長度的詞
?如: for three days
?through: 表示在整個期間沒有間歇
?例: It snowed through the night.
?till/until: 表示動作持續的終點
?例:I studied hard till twelve o'clock last night.
?by: 表示動作完成期限
?例: I'll be back by five o'clock.
?since: 表示某動作的起始點
?例:I have studied English since 1990.
?(2) 表示地點:
?at: 表示較小的地點
?如: arrived at the school gate
?in: 表示較大的地點
?如: arrived in Shanghai
?for: 表示目的地
?例: I'll leave for Shanghai.
?above: 表示上面,上方,其反意詞是below
?over: 表示垂直上方,其反意詞是under
?例: The dog jumped over the table.
?through: 表示穿過
?如: through the forest
?across: 表示平原上的跨越
?例: I want to walk across the road.
5. 動詞
?(1) 動詞的時態:
?① 一般現在時
?一般現在時的主要用法有兩點:其一表示一經常發生的動作,如: I always go to scho
ol at seven. 其二表示某一真理,事實,如: The earth moves around the sun.
?② 現在完成時
?現在完成時的主要用法有兩點:其一表示某一動作發生于過去,并持續下來,到現在完成
。如: I have studied English for two years. 其二表示某動作發生于過去并已結束,但其影響到現在。如: I haven't had my lunch. I'm hungry now.
?與現在完成時連用的詞語有:yet, already, before, since, ever, never等。
?其考查要點:
?其一: Have been表示曾經去過,如:I have been to America twice. 說此話的人應
已經回到國內。而He has gone to Japan.則此人目前已到日本去了。
?其二: 截止性動詞可以有現在完成時,但不可與表示一段長度的詞連用,如: The class has begun. The class has been on for five minutes.
?③ 一般過去時
?表示過去發生的動作,過去的習慣或反復發生的動作。如: Who broke the window? In those days, I studied hard at night every day. 與過去時連用的時間狀語有: at that time, ago, in 1949, just now (剛才), last night, yesterday
?④ 一般將來時
?純將來時的表示法: shall/will+動詞原形
?例: I'll leave for Shanghai this evening.
?表示按計劃要做或可能做的事: be going to+動詞原形
?例: I'm going to help you tonight.
?將來時的特殊表示法
?a. be+coming/leaving/going/starting/arriving
?例: Don't worry. I'm coming.
?b. be about to+動詞原形
?例: He is about to leave, when the telephone rings.
?c. 狀語從句中用一般現在時表示將來
?例: If it rains tomorrow I won't go to the party.
?(2) 情態動詞:
?can: 能,會
?例: He can do it very well.
?may: 許可,可能性
?例: May I use your pen?
?must: 必要,禁止(多表示主觀看法)
?例: You mustn't play with fire.
?have to: 不得不(多表示客觀之事)
?例: I have to go, because I have a meeting.
?could與would:二者用于現在時表示語氣的委婉
?例: Could you help me?
6.句型
(1) 賓語從句:
?由疑問代詞或副詞引出的賓語從句
?例: Could you tell me where the post office is??
Could you tell me what he said? (what作said的賓語)
?由that引出的賓語從句
?例: They said that they would give me some help. (that 僅作引導詞)
?? 賓語從句中的疑問句要用陳述語序。
?例: He asked when we would leave home.
(2) 狀語從句:
?狀語從句可包括:時間/地點/原因/結果/目的等狀語從句。
?例:I will come when I am free.?
I'm late because my bike is broken.?
He went so early that he got a good seat.?
She studied hard so that she would pass the exam.
?? 狀語從句要用一般現在時表示將來。
?例: If it rains tomorrow I shall not go to the cinema.
?? 表示在一長動作進行過程中某一動作突然發生則長動作要用進行時態,而突發性 動作要用一般時態。
?例: When I'm reading a book, the telephone rings.
(3) 反意疑問句
?例: She can swim across the river, can't she??
It's a fine day, isn't it??
Marry needs to have a rest, doesn't she??
You have nothing to do, do you??
He seldom does homework, does he??
Don't open the door, will you??
Open the door please, will you??
Let us have a rest, will you??
Let's go, shall we?
(4) 感嘆句:
?例. What a hot day it is!?
How hot the weather is!
7. 不定式
?(1) 不定式在句中作賓語,狀語:
? 例: It has begun to rain.?
I want to go to the cinema.
?(2) 不定式與疑問詞連用:
? 例: I want to know how to work.
? I want to know what to do.
?(3) 不定式的否定句:
? 例: He told me not to do it.
?④ 省略to的不定式:
? 例: I saw him come this morning.
這樣的動詞有see, hear, watch等感官動詞,及have(作讓、使講) make, let.