2010中考英語重點(diǎn)語法詞法考點(diǎn)十一：非謂語動(dòng)詞

一、動(dòng)詞不定式

1.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。

1)在動(dòng)詞want ,hope,would like,decide,wish,

choose,try ,need等后常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。

I hope ______(hear)from you soon .

2)think/find /feel /make it + adj + to do sth

He found it difficult _______(get) to sleep.

3).stop to do sth / stop doing sth

stop to do sth 停下來去做某事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事。

After working for a long time , He has to stop _______(have ) a rest .

He was very tired , so he had to stop ______(work).

2.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)。

1).帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask / like /would like /teach /tell /want /help +sb +to do sth

Please ask him _________(come) quickly.

2).省掉to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：let /make / hear /see /notice /have/watch+sb +do sth

注：省掉to的不定式的句子變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，需要還原to .

He made the baby _______(stop) crying .

The baby was made ______ _____ crying.

3.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語

1).動(dòng)詞不定式常可用作句子的主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

2).常用it作形式主語，而將不定式放在句子后面。

To do sth +謂語動(dòng)詞+adj /n =

It +謂語動(dòng)詞+adj / n + to do sth

To get an injection is a little painful .

_____ a little painful ____ ____ an injection

4.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語

動(dòng)詞不定式作定語放在被修飾詞之后

名詞或代詞+to do(介詞)

注：若構(gòu)成的不定式的動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后加上相應(yīng)的介詞。

I want a pen to write ______.

I want a piece of paper to write ______.

5.動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問詞連用

疑問詞+ to do sth

注：在賓語從句中，若主從句的主語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡(jiǎn)化為疑問詞+to do sth.

Can you tell me how I can get to the hospital ?

Can you tell me _____ ____ ____ the hospital.

6.動(dòng)詞不定式可作狀語

1).動(dòng)詞不定式可作目的狀語

在come / go / leave 后面接動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。

He came here ______(get)his book.

2).動(dòng)詞不定式可作原因狀語

表語形容詞（sorry/sad/happy/ glad /afraid/ pleased）后與動(dòng)詞不定式連用作原因狀語

He was glad _______(see) his wife.

3).動(dòng)詞不定式可作結(jié)果狀語

在tooto , not enough to 句型中的動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語。

He was too tired _______(walk) on .

7.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語

be + to do sth

注：動(dòng)詞不定式作表語可以和主語的位置互換，且常表將來。

Her wish is _______(become) a doctor .

_____ _____ is her wish .

8.動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式

在動(dòng)詞不定式的前面加not .

He told me _______(not stay) here .

9.動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)的省略和保留情況。

1).動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)的省略情況

若兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的不定式并列時(shí)，第一個(gè)不定式符號(hào)不能省略，其余的省掉to .但兩者有對(duì)比關(guān)系時(shí)，to都不能省略。

Edisons mother taught him to write and read .

I havent decided to go home or to go to the cinema.

2)省掉不定式而保留動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to的情況。

Will you take a walk with me ? Im glad to .

Would you like to join my birthday party ?

I would love to .

二、動(dòng)名詞

1.動(dòng)名詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

Reading in bed ______(be) bad for your eyes.

2.有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語后面，只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。

三、現(xiàn)在分詞

1.現(xiàn)在分詞常放在see, hear ,watch ,notice 等之后作賓補(bǔ)。

I saw the boy____(play)in the street just now .

2.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語常放在被修飾詞之前，現(xiàn)在分詞短語要放在被修飾詞的后面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。

A sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping .

Did you know the man talking to Mr Li?=

Did you know the man who was talking to Mr Li?

3.現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨情況

He came into the classroom ,carrying a book.

四、過去分詞

1.作賓補(bǔ)

have /get +sth +done 表示請(qǐng)別人干某事

I had my TV repaired last night .

2.作定語

單一的過去分詞作定語，要放在被修飾詞的前面，過去分詞短語作定語要放在被修飾詞的后面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。

Have you ever read any books written by Luxun?

Have you ever read any books _____ _____ written by Luxun?

3.作表語 過去分詞作表語已經(jīng)形容詞化

My cup is broken .

2010中考英語重點(diǎn)語法詞法考點(diǎn)十一：非謂語動(dòng)詞

一、動(dòng)詞不定式

1.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。

1)在動(dòng)詞want ,hope,would like,decide,wish,

choose,try ,need等后常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。

I hope ______(hear)from you soon .

2)think/find /feel /make it + adj + to do sth

He found it difficult _______(get) to sleep.

3).stop to do sth / stop doing sth

stop to do sth 停下來去做某事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事。

After working for a long time , He has to stop _______(have ) a rest .

He was very tired , so he had to stop ______(work).

2.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)。

1).帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask / like /would like /teach /tell /want /help +sb +to do sth

Please ask him _________(come) quickly.

2).省掉to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：let /make / hear /see /notice /have/watch+sb +do sth

注：省掉to的不定式的句子變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，需要還原to .

He made the baby _______(stop) crying .

The baby was made ______ _____ crying.

3.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語

1).動(dòng)詞不定式常可用作句子的主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

2).常用it作形式主語，而將不定式放在句子后面。

To do sth +謂語動(dòng)詞+adj /n =

It +謂語動(dòng)詞+adj / n + to do sth

To get an injection is a little painful .

_____ a little painful ____ ____ an injection

4.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語

動(dòng)詞不定式作定語放在被修飾詞之后

名詞或代詞+to do(介詞)

注：若構(gòu)成的不定式的動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后加上相應(yīng)的介詞。

I want a pen to write ______.

I want a piece of paper to write ______.

5.動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問詞連用

疑問詞+ to do sth

注：在賓語從句中，若主從句的主語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡(jiǎn)化為疑問詞+to do sth.

Can you tell me how I can get to the hospital ?

Can you tell me _____ ____ ____ the hospital.

6.動(dòng)詞不定式可作狀語

1).動(dòng)詞不定式可作目的狀語

在come / go / leave 后面接動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。

He came here ______(get)his book.

2).動(dòng)詞不定式可作原因狀語

表語形容詞（sorry/sad/happy/ glad /afraid/ pleased）后與動(dòng)詞不定式連用作原因狀語

He was glad _______(see) his wife.

3).動(dòng)詞不定式可作結(jié)果狀語

在tooto , not enough to 句型中的動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語。

He was too tired _______(walk) on .

7.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語

be + to do sth

注：動(dòng)詞不定式作表語可以和主語的位置互換，且常表將來。

Her wish is _______(become) a doctor .

_____ _____ is her wish .

8.動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式

在動(dòng)詞不定式的前面加not .

He told me _______(not stay) here .

9.動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)的省略和保留情況。

1).動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)的省略情況

若兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的不定式并列時(shí)，第一個(gè)不定式符號(hào)不能省略，其余的省掉to .但兩者有對(duì)比關(guān)系時(shí)，to都不能省略。

Edisons mother taught him to write and read .

I havent decided to go home or to go to the cinema.

2)省掉不定式而保留動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to的情況。

Will you take a walk with me ? Im glad to .

Would you like to join my birthday party ?

I would love to .

二、動(dòng)名詞

1.動(dòng)名詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

Reading in bed ______(be) bad for your eyes.

2.有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語后面，只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。

三、現(xiàn)在分詞

1.現(xiàn)在分詞常放在see, hear ,watch ,notice 等之后作賓補(bǔ)。

I saw the boy____(play)in the street just now .

2.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語常放在被修飾詞之前，現(xiàn)在分詞短語要放在被修飾詞的后面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。

A sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping .

Did you know the man talking to Mr Li?=

Did you know the man who was talking to Mr Li?

3.現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨情況

He came into the classroom ,carrying a book.

四、過去分詞

1.作賓補(bǔ)

have /get +sth +done 表示請(qǐng)別人干某事

I had my TV repaired last night .

2.作定語

單一的過去分詞作定語，要放在被修飾詞的前面，過去分詞短語作定語要放在被修飾詞的后面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。

Have you ever read any books written by Luxun?

Have you ever read any books _____ _____ written by Luxun?

3.作表語 過去分詞作表語已經(jīng)形容詞化

My cup is broken .