完美雅思寫作達(dá)人變身計(jì)
完美雅思寫作達(dá)人變身計(jì)
雅思小作文出題形式大多是以描述圖表題為主,由于其只占寫作部分三分之一的分值所以常常被考生所忽略。但其實(shí)此類題型文體正式、語(yǔ)言固定,只要掌握標(biāo)準(zhǔn)式的描寫風(fēng)格以及詞句搭配,往往比大作文更具備考價(jià)值。
若想順利攻克,首要任務(wù)即是了解小作文寫作的難點(diǎn)。由于其題型新穎,所以一直是眾多烤鴨們奪取雅思寫作高分的阻礙。難點(diǎn)一在于對(duì)描述重點(diǎn)的盲目,不能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)提取出應(yīng)該表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。難點(diǎn)二在于詞句的匱乏,缺少書面并且亮點(diǎn)的語(yǔ)言。若想化解這些難點(diǎn),建議考生應(yīng)從以下幾步分別入手,做好相應(yīng)的準(zhǔn)備工作,快速成為雅思寫作達(dá)人。
一、了解小作文的寫作重點(diǎn)
有一句箴言將長(zhǎng)伴左右,那便是帶著畫圖的目的,先作說(shuō)明后帶數(shù)據(jù)。短短一句便概括了小作文語(yǔ)句風(fēng)格的真諦。切忌羅列式的直接帶數(shù)字,那樣只會(huì)讓文章索然無(wú)味。
比如,考生不應(yīng)該說(shuō):The number of boys was 100 in 2000.
而應(yīng)該說(shuō):The number of boys experienced a considerable rise to 100 from 1900 to 2000.或是:The number of boys reached the peak at 100 in 2000.
也就是說(shuō)主句應(yīng)是對(duì)趨勢(shì)或大小的說(shuō)明,而數(shù)據(jù)總是以補(bǔ)充的形式緊隨其后。只有這樣才能體現(xiàn)小作文描述的目的和精髓,讓考官在看你的描述和講解時(shí)腦海中可以浮現(xiàn)出所出圖形的大致畫面,知道今天考的是什么圖,幾副圖,每副圖包含了幾個(gè)項(xiàng)目,而每個(gè)項(xiàng)目的數(shù)字水平和特點(diǎn)又是什么。如果考生可以為考官清晰介紹出以上內(nèi)容,那么就達(dá)到了寫作的核心目的。
二、了解圖形的分類規(guī)律
從標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖形類別來(lái)講可分為line graph , bar chart, pie chart以及table四類。但從描述重點(diǎn)來(lái)講卻可以只分成趨勢(shì)類和大小類,其分類的依據(jù)便在于題中的時(shí)間方式。一旦看見時(shí)間段的出現(xiàn),那么不論哪類圖形都是以描寫數(shù)據(jù)變化趨勢(shì)為主。
例如:Two line charts illustrate the fluctuations of the number of police officers and criminal rates in London and New York from 1991 to 2002。
該題中時(shí)間為1991到2002年,是橫跨9年的時(shí)間段,因此作文中應(yīng)以描寫趨勢(shì)的變化為主要目的。
反之,如果時(shí)間是點(diǎn)的形式或根本沒(méi)有時(shí)間,那么圖形就是以不同對(duì)象的比較貫穿始終,所用的句式也是以大小關(guān)系為主的。
例如:The chart gives information about the different levels of post-school qualifications in Australia and the proportions of boys and girls who held them in 1999.
該題時(shí)間為1999年,是靜止的時(shí)間點(diǎn),因此作文中不應(yīng)涉及升降之類的趨勢(shì)變化,而應(yīng)以大小比較、數(shù)據(jù)分類為主。
三、準(zhǔn)備必要的表達(dá)方式
1. 與趨勢(shì)有關(guān)的詞語(yǔ):
上升:increase, rise, climb, ascend, surge, shoot up
下降:decrease, decline, drop, fall, descend, plunge
持平:remain stable, keep constant, level off, flatten out
波動(dòng):fluctuate, wave, go up and down
快速:considerable/considerably, significant/significantly, substantial/substantially, remarkable/remarkably, dramatic/dramatically
穩(wěn)步:steady/steadily, stable/stably, moderate/moderately, modest/modestly
緩慢:slight/slightly, minimal/minimally, marginal/marginally
頂點(diǎn):peak
趨勢(shì) :trend/ tendency
2. 與大小相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ):
Outnumber :在數(shù)量上超過(guò)The demonstrators were outnumbered by the police
Exceed :在數(shù)量上超過(guò)
Triple :變成三倍The figure has tripled.
Double :變成兩倍The price of houses has virtually doubled over the past few years.
Mount to :達(dá)到
Counterpart :對(duì)應(yīng)的另一方,比較的另一方 this product is better than its counterparts
此外,建議考生還應(yīng)考慮一下題中數(shù)據(jù)和百分比有沒(méi)有聯(lián)系,如果有的話還應(yīng)輔以一些關(guān)于比例和占據(jù)的語(yǔ)句。
3. 相關(guān)詞語(yǔ):
百分比:proportion, rate, percentage, share
占據(jù) :occupy, comprise, constitute, account for, represent.
數(shù)字:number, amount, data, figure
比例:rate, proportion, percentage, share
大約:roughly, about, nearly, approximately, a little less than, slightly more than
各自地:respectively, for each
四、注意小作文的連貫性
連詞可以加強(qiáng)文章的邏輯感,并且英式文章相當(dāng)講究形連,因此必須有連詞。考生若想取得高分就一定要熟悉各類常用連接方式。
表示自身變化,時(shí)間過(guò)渡的連詞:
Then, after that, afterwards, thereafter, from this point onwards
However, yet, nevertheless, on the contrary, by contrast
連接不同對(duì)象的連詞:
During the same time, at the same time
Similarly, likewise
However, yet, on the contrary
Comparatively speaking,
Furthermore, in addition, also, whats more
In terms of,
Turning to, / when it comes to ., / as for
引出總結(jié)或總數(shù)的連詞:
In general / overall / on the whole
五、數(shù)據(jù)完整,形式多樣
有了這些恰當(dāng)并且正式的表達(dá)方式之后,提醒考生們還應(yīng)注意一些細(xì)節(jié)的修飾,比如帶數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)要形式完整,除了單位要齊全以外,為了加強(qiáng)文章的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)度,最好讓帶數(shù)據(jù)的方式多樣些,令文章更加充實(shí)和飽滿。
主要帶數(shù)據(jù)方式有:
1. 利用標(biāo)點(diǎn),如括號(hào)和破折號(hào)
2. 利用介詞,如with, at, to, by等
3. 利用分詞或從句,如The number of males increased marginally in the following decade, rising to 20000 in 2007.
在備考雅思的過(guò)程中,考生應(yīng)在以上要素的基礎(chǔ)上多分析真題及高分范文,找出思路上的共性和語(yǔ)言中適合被舉一反三的亮點(diǎn),并且通過(guò)練習(xí)加以模仿,讓圖表作文化難為易,成為寫作高分的突破口。
完美雅思寫作達(dá)人變身計(jì)
雅思小作文出題形式大多是以描述圖表題為主,由于其只占寫作部分三分之一的分值所以常常被考生所忽略。但其實(shí)此類題型文體正式、語(yǔ)言固定,只要掌握標(biāo)準(zhǔn)式的描寫風(fēng)格以及詞句搭配,往往比大作文更具備考價(jià)值。
若想順利攻克,首要任務(wù)即是了解小作文寫作的難點(diǎn)。由于其題型新穎,所以一直是眾多烤鴨們奪取雅思寫作高分的阻礙。難點(diǎn)一在于對(duì)描述重點(diǎn)的盲目,不能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)提取出應(yīng)該表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。難點(diǎn)二在于詞句的匱乏,缺少書面并且亮點(diǎn)的語(yǔ)言。若想化解這些難點(diǎn),建議考生應(yīng)從以下幾步分別入手,做好相應(yīng)的準(zhǔn)備工作,快速成為雅思寫作達(dá)人。
一、了解小作文的寫作重點(diǎn)
有一句箴言將長(zhǎng)伴左右,那便是帶著畫圖的目的,先作說(shuō)明后帶數(shù)據(jù)。短短一句便概括了小作文語(yǔ)句風(fēng)格的真諦。切忌羅列式的直接帶數(shù)字,那樣只會(huì)讓文章索然無(wú)味。
比如,考生不應(yīng)該說(shuō):The number of boys was 100 in 2000.
而應(yīng)該說(shuō):The number of boys experienced a considerable rise to 100 from 1900 to 2000.或是:The number of boys reached the peak at 100 in 2000.
也就是說(shuō)主句應(yīng)是對(duì)趨勢(shì)或大小的說(shuō)明,而數(shù)據(jù)總是以補(bǔ)充的形式緊隨其后。只有這樣才能體現(xiàn)小作文描述的目的和精髓,讓考官在看你的描述和講解時(shí)腦海中可以浮現(xiàn)出所出圖形的大致畫面,知道今天考的是什么圖,幾副圖,每副圖包含了幾個(gè)項(xiàng)目,而每個(gè)項(xiàng)目的數(shù)字水平和特點(diǎn)又是什么。如果考生可以為考官清晰介紹出以上內(nèi)容,那么就達(dá)到了寫作的核心目的。
二、了解圖形的分類規(guī)律
從標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖形類別來(lái)講可分為line graph , bar chart, pie chart以及table四類。但從描述重點(diǎn)來(lái)講卻可以只分成趨勢(shì)類和大小類,其分類的依據(jù)便在于題中的時(shí)間方式。一旦看見時(shí)間段的出現(xiàn),那么不論哪類圖形都是以描寫數(shù)據(jù)變化趨勢(shì)為主。
例如:Two line charts illustrate the fluctuations of the number of police officers and criminal rates in London and New York from 1991 to 2002。
該題中時(shí)間為1991到2002年,是橫跨9年的時(shí)間段,因此作文中應(yīng)以描寫趨勢(shì)的變化為主要目的。
反之,如果時(shí)間是點(diǎn)的形式或根本沒(méi)有時(shí)間,那么圖形就是以不同對(duì)象的比較貫穿始終,所用的句式也是以大小關(guān)系為主的。
例如:The chart gives information about the different levels of post-school qualifications in Australia and the proportions of boys and girls who held them in 1999.
該題時(shí)間為1999年,是靜止的時(shí)間點(diǎn),因此作文中不應(yīng)涉及升降之類的趨勢(shì)變化,而應(yīng)以大小比較、數(shù)據(jù)分類為主。
三、準(zhǔn)備必要的表達(dá)方式
1. 與趨勢(shì)有關(guān)的詞語(yǔ):
上升:increase, rise, climb, ascend, surge, shoot up
下降:decrease, decline, drop, fall, descend, plunge
持平:remain stable, keep constant, level off, flatten out
波動(dòng):fluctuate, wave, go up and down
快速:considerable/considerably, significant/significantly, substantial/substantially, remarkable/remarkably, dramatic/dramatically
穩(wěn)步:steady/steadily, stable/stably, moderate/moderately, modest/modestly
緩慢:slight/slightly, minimal/minimally, marginal/marginally
頂點(diǎn):peak
趨勢(shì) :trend/ tendency
2. 與大小相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ):
Outnumber :在數(shù)量上超過(guò)The demonstrators were outnumbered by the police
Exceed :在數(shù)量上超過(guò)
Triple :變成三倍The figure has tripled.
Double :變成兩倍The price of houses has virtually doubled over the past few years.
Mount to :達(dá)到
Counterpart :對(duì)應(yīng)的另一方,比較的另一方 this product is better than its counterparts
此外,建議考生還應(yīng)考慮一下題中數(shù)據(jù)和百分比有沒(méi)有聯(lián)系,如果有的話還應(yīng)輔以一些關(guān)于比例和占據(jù)的語(yǔ)句。
3. 相關(guān)詞語(yǔ):
百分比:proportion, rate, percentage, share
占據(jù) :occupy, comprise, constitute, account for, represent.
數(shù)字:number, amount, data, figure
比例:rate, proportion, percentage, share
大約:roughly, about, nearly, approximately, a little less than, slightly more than
各自地:respectively, for each
四、注意小作文的連貫性
連詞可以加強(qiáng)文章的邏輯感,并且英式文章相當(dāng)講究形連,因此必須有連詞。考生若想取得高分就一定要熟悉各類常用連接方式。
表示自身變化,時(shí)間過(guò)渡的連詞:
Then, after that, afterwards, thereafter, from this point onwards
However, yet, nevertheless, on the contrary, by contrast
連接不同對(duì)象的連詞:
During the same time, at the same time
Similarly, likewise
However, yet, on the contrary
Comparatively speaking,
Furthermore, in addition, also, whats more
In terms of,
Turning to, / when it comes to ., / as for
引出總結(jié)或總數(shù)的連詞:
In general / overall / on the whole
五、數(shù)據(jù)完整,形式多樣
有了這些恰當(dāng)并且正式的表達(dá)方式之后,提醒考生們還應(yīng)注意一些細(xì)節(jié)的修飾,比如帶數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)要形式完整,除了單位要齊全以外,為了加強(qiáng)文章的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)度,最好讓帶數(shù)據(jù)的方式多樣些,令文章更加充實(shí)和飽滿。
主要帶數(shù)據(jù)方式有:
1. 利用標(biāo)點(diǎn),如括號(hào)和破折號(hào)
2. 利用介詞,如with, at, to, by等
3. 利用分詞或從句,如The number of males increased marginally in the following decade, rising to 20000 in 2007.
在備考雅思的過(guò)程中,考生應(yīng)在以上要素的基礎(chǔ)上多分析真題及高分范文,找出思路上的共性和語(yǔ)言中適合被舉一反三的亮點(diǎn),并且通過(guò)練習(xí)加以模仿,讓圖表作文化難為易,成為寫作高分的突破口。