Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars

　　晨背三部曲（名詞性從句　經(jīng)典佳句　

　　1．我猜你真正想說的是最近你無事可做。

　　I guess what you were really trying to say is that you've got nothing to do these days.

　　2．然而最新消息顯示她17歲的女兒已被哈佛和耶魯大學(xué)錄取。

　　However, the latest news shows that her 17-year-old daughter was admitted into Harvard and Yale University.

　　3．的確，我們周圍有許多人，不管他們想做什么都能出類拔萃。

　　Indeed, there are so many people around us who can excel in whatever

　　they want to do.

　　4．他以為父母討厭他并且那就是他們將他留在寄宿制學(xué)校的原因。

　　He thought his parents hated him and that that

　　was why they left him in a boarding school.

　　5．現(xiàn)在，有一種現(xiàn)象，越來越多的中學(xué)生在網(wǎng)上開辦自己的博客。

　　Nowadays, there is a phenomenon that more and more high school students open their own blogs on the Internet.

　　句式仿寫

　　1．Besides, it is what_my_father_sent_to_me (爸爸送給我的) on my birthday.

　　2．25% of my classmates hold_the_view_that (持……觀點) doing part-time jobs will help one gain work experience and learn more of the society.

　?、?詞海拾貝

　　基礎(chǔ)記憶

　　1．system

　　n．　系統(tǒng)；體系；制度

　　2．theory

　　n.

　　學(xué)說；理論

　　3．a(chǎn)tmosphere

　　n.

　　大氣層；氣氛

　　4．fundamental

　　adj.

　　基本的；基礎(chǔ)的

　　5．thus

　　adv.

　　因此；于是

　　6．puzzle

　　vt.& vi.

　　(使)迷惑；(使)為難n.

　　謎；難題

　　7．gentle

　　adj.

　　溫和的；文雅的

　　8．crash

　　vi.& vt.

　　碰撞；墜落

　　9．pull

　　n．& vt.

　　拉(力)；拖；牽引力

　　10．float

　　vi.& vt.

　　(使)浮動；(使)漂浮 n.

　　漂浮物

　　11．unlike

　　prep.不同；不像→like

　　vt.喜歡 prep.相像的→likely

　　adj.可能的

　　12．violent

　　adj.猛烈的；激烈的；強(qiáng)暴的→violence

　　n．暴力→violently

　　adv.暴力地；猛烈地

　　13．harmful

　　adj.有害的→harm

　　n．& v．傷害→harmless

　　adj.無害的

　　14．exist

　　vi.存在；生存→existence

　　n．存在；生存

　　語境記憶

　　15．A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱)．(violence) (2024·浙江閱讀C)

　　16．This object gives off harmful gases. They may do harm to our health. You must make the object harmless before you use it.(harm)

　　17. Do you believe in the existence of ghosts? Perhaps they only exist in the minds of some people.(exist)

　　篇章記憶

　　With the development of astronomy, people know more about the fundamental theory of climate, atmosphere and the globe.Now more and more satellites and spaceships have been sent up into space where there's no oxygen or gravity.

　　Ⅱ.短語互譯

　　1.及時；終于in_time

　　2．輪到某人；接著

　　in_one's_turn

　　3．阻止；制止

　　prevent_..._from

　　4．感到高興；感到振奮

　　cheer_up

　　5．突發(fā)；爆發(fā)

　　break_out

　　6．watch out for

　　密切注意；當(dāng)心；提防

　　7．lay eggs

　　下蛋

　　8．give birth to

　　產(chǎn)生；分娩

　　9．now that

　　既然

　　10．block out

　　擋住(光線)

　?、?句型一覽

　　1.so ... that ... 如此……以至于……

　　The earth became_so_violent_that (變得如此猛烈以至于) it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.

　　2．“make it possible to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)

　　This produced a chain reaction, which made_it_possible_for_life_to_develop (使生命的生長發(fā)育成為一種可能)．

　　3．“倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.＋as”句型

　　But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice_as_far_as_on_the_earth (是地球上的兩倍遠(yuǎn)) and fell over.

　　4．now that引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句

　　Walking does need a bit of practice now_that_gravity_has_changed (既然地球引力已發(fā)生了變化)．

　?、?語法自測——主語從句完成句子

　　1．What_amazed_me_most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his foot.(amaze)

　　最令我驚訝的是，這個在車禍中失去雙臂的小男孩能夠用腳使用鋼筆。

　　2．That_he_was_caught_cheating/His_being_caught_cheating in the exam made his headteacher very angry.(catch)

　　他被抓住考試作弊令班主任很生氣。

　　3．What_is_well_known_to everyone, I should say, is that a man becomes learned by asking questions.(know)

　　我應(yīng)該說，眾所周知：要長學(xué)問，就得多問。

　　4．It is shown that_men_have_twice_as_many_serious_accidents as women do on average while driving according to recent statistics.(have)

　　最近的數(shù)據(jù)表明，男士在開車時發(fā)生的嚴(yán)重事故平均是女士的兩倍。

　　5．So far, how_they_will_solve_the_serious_problem has not been decided.(solve)

　　目前為止，他們將怎樣解決這個嚴(yán)重的問題還沒有決定。

　　1.exist

　　vi.存在；生存

　　(1)exist in　存在于……中

　　exist on

　　靠……生活/生存

　　There exists/existed ...

　　某地有……

　　(2)existence

　　n.

　　存在；生活

　　in existence

　　現(xiàn)存的；現(xiàn)有的

　　come into existence

　　產(chǎn)生；成立；開始存在

　?、貱hina continues to make sincere efforts to properly handle the differences that exist with some of its neighbors.

　　中國繼續(xù)做出真誠的努力，妥善處理與一些鄰國之間存在的分歧。

　　②There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen.(2011·全國卷Ⅰ閱讀A)

　　各家各戶和他們的送奶人之間存在一種親密的關(guān)系。

　　【對點練習(xí)】

　　介詞填空

　　①They can't exist on the money he's earning.

　?、贜o one knows how this world came into existence.

　?、跡ven though he is a little boy, strange ideas always exist in his mind.

　?、躎he Imperial Palace in Beijing has been in existence for more than 500 years.

　　2.puzzle

　　n．謎；難題 vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)為難

　　(1)be in a puzzle about sth.　對某事迷惑不解

　　(2)puzzle sb.

　　使某人為難

　　be puzzled by

　　被……迷惑

　　puzzle about/over sth.

　　苦苦思索；仔細(xì)琢磨

　　(3)puzzling

　　adj.

　　令人困惑的

　　puzzled

　　adj.

　　感到困惑的

　　What puzzles me is why he left the country without telling anyone.

　　令我百思不解的是他為什么悄悄地離開了這個國家。

　　②Her puzzled look on her face suggested she didn't understand what I said.

　　她臉上迷惑的表情表明她不明白我說的話。【對點練習(xí)】

　　完成句子

　?、買 knew which piece

　　of work was most urgent, while his explanation only made me more_puzzled_about/over it than ever.(puzzle)

　　我知道哪件工作最緊迫，然而他這一說反而讓我對此感到更迷惑了。

　　②What_puzzled_me_most was the puzzling question he put forward.(puzzle)

　　最讓我疑惑不解的是他提出的那個令人疑惑的問題。

　?、跿he student was somewhat puzzled_about/over_what_to_do next, but then at last the penny dropped.(puzzle)

　　這個學(xué)生對下一步做什么有點傷透腦筋，但最終明白了。

　　3.in time及時；終于；遲早

　　①If you keep on, you will succeed in time.

　　如果堅持下去，總有一天你會成功的。

　　(1)in time for ... 后接名詞，意為“剛好趕上……”。

　　in time to do sth.　及時做某事

　　(2)in no time

　　立刻；馬上

　　at no time

　　決不

　　at a time

　　每次；一次

　　at one time

　　曾經(jīng)；一度

　　at the same time

　　同時

　　from time to time

　　有時；偶爾

　?、赥he car came to a halt just in time to prevent an accident.

　　汽車及時停下了，避免了一起事故。

　?、跘t one time, half the land on the earth's surface was covered by forest.

　　曾經(jīng)，地球表面有一半的土地被森林所覆蓋。

　　【對點練習(xí)】

　　根據(jù)英漢提示完成小片段

　　①我曾一度對滑冰十分癡迷，然而卻時而摔在冰面上，但是我知道如果缺乏訓(xùn)練我絕對不會熟練。

　　At_one_time I grew crazy about skating. However, I fell onto the ground from_time_to_time,_but I knew that I would at_no_time be skilled if I lacked practice.

　　【真題印證】

　　②(2024·江蘇高考)—Thank God you're safe!

　　—I stepped back, just ________ to avoid the racing car.

　　A．in timeB．in case

　　C．in need

　　D．in vain

　　解析：選A　考查介詞短語辨析。句意：“謝天謝地，你安全了！”“我向后退了一步，正好及時避開了賽車。”in time“及時”；in case“萬一，假使”；in need“需要”；in vain“徒勞，無濟(jì)于事”。根據(jù)句意可知A項正確。

　　4.in one's turn輪到某人；接著

　?、買 will, in my turn, clean the window next week.

　　下周將輪到我擦窗戶了。

　　in turn依次；輪流；反之；反過來

　　by turns

　　輪流；交替地

　　take turns to do sth.

　　輪流做某事

　　It is one's turn to do sth.

　　輪到某人做某事

　　②All theories come from practice and in turn serve practice.

　　所有的理論都來源于實踐，并反過來為實踐服務(wù)。

　?、跱ow it is your turn to look after the children.

　　現(xiàn)在輪到你照看孩子們了。

　　【關(guān)鍵一點】　by turns是“交替，輪流”的意思，多指兩個人或兩個行為之間的交替進(jìn)行；如表示“按順序”則應(yīng)用in turn。

　　【對點練習(xí)】

　　用turn的相關(guān)短語完成下列句子

　?、倌銈儾荒苋w一起上，你們得輪流做。

　　You can't all do it together; you'll have to take_turns.

　　②人們試圖使用自己的小汽車避免公共交通延誤，反過來，這造成更多的問題。

　　People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this in_turn creates more problems.

　?、圯喌轿业臅r候，我買走了最后一張CD。

　　I bought the last CD in_my_turn.

　　5.prevent ... from阻止；制止

　　prevent/stop/keep ... from doing sth.

　　　阻止……做某事

　　protect ... from

　　保護(hù)……不受……侵襲；擋??；防御

　　keep ... doing sth.

　　使……一直做某事

　?、貶is advice prevented/kept/stopped me from making a serious mistake.

　　他的忠告使我免于犯嚴(yán)重的錯誤。

　?、贖e wears sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.

　　他戴墨鏡保護(hù)眼睛使其免受太陽光的傷害。

　　【關(guān)鍵一點】　

　　(1)prevent/stop/keep sb./sth. from doing sth.表示“制止/阻止/防止某人或某物做某事”，它們常可以互換。

　　(2)prevent sb./sth. from doing sth.和stop sb./sth. from doing sth.中的from常可省略，但用于被動語態(tài)時from不能省略。

　　(3)keep sb./sth. from doing sth.中的from不可省略。

　　【對點練習(xí)】

　　完成句子

　　①I was_prevented_from going there by urgent business last week.(prevent)

　　上周我因急事不能去那里。

　?、贗'm very sorry to_have_kept_you_waiting for a long time.(keep)

　　很抱歉讓您等了那么久。

　　③The new rule will keep_him_from_leaving the small country.(keep)

　　這條新規(guī)則將會阻止他離開這個小國家。

　　6.cheer up感到高興；感到振奮

　　cheer sb. up　使某人振作起來

　　cheer sb. on

　　(比賽中)以喝彩聲鼓勵某人；為某人加油

　　Cheers!

　　[口語](用于祝酒)干杯！

　　①Feeling blue about the world？Cheer up.(湖北高考)

　　對世界感到沮喪嗎？振作起來。

　?、赥he audience stood up to cheer on their team Guangzhou Evergrande Football Team.

　　觀眾們站起來為他們的球隊廣州恒大足球隊歡呼加油。

　　【關(guān)鍵一點】　cheer up既可以用作及物動詞短語，也可用作不及物動詞短語。

　　【對點練習(xí)】

　　用cheer的相關(guān)短語完成下列句子

　　①我真心希望她能振作起來，勇敢地接受生活的挑戰(zhàn)！

　　I do hope she can cheer_up and accept the challenge of life bravely!

　　②賽跑進(jìn)入最后一圈時，觀眾為選手加油喝彩。

　　The crowd cheered_the_runners_on as they started the last lap.

　　【基礎(chǔ)點專練】

　　①unlike prep.　不同；不像adj.

　　不同的；不相似的

　　something like

　　幾分像……

　　It's like/unlike sb. to do sth.

　　做某事實在像/不像某人

　　dislike vt.

　　不喜歡；討厭

　　fundamental adj.