2024高考英語(yǔ)一輪語(yǔ)法對(duì)點(diǎn)講練:1 時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)
語(yǔ)法對(duì)點(diǎn)講練一 時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)
一、現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)
知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
①表示經(jīng)常性的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、性能等。常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)always, seldom, often, sometimes, every day, once a week等連用。
②表示客觀真理、格言以及不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在。
The earth moves around the sun.
③在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí),主句多用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。
④表示按時(shí)間表、計(jì)劃、規(guī)定發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
⑤表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
⑥表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或發(fā)生的事情。
⑦與always, constantly, frequently, continually, forever, all the time等連用,表示贊嘆、贊揚(yáng)、厭惡、不滿等情感。
⑧come, go, start, open, close, arrive, return, begin, leave等動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí),表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
⑨不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞:
表示存在的動(dòng)詞:stay, remain, keep, contain等。
表示所有的動(dòng)詞:have, belong to, own, hold, possess等。
表示感觀的動(dòng)詞:look, seem, appear, taste, feel, sound等。
表示情感的動(dòng)詞:love, like, prefer, hate等。
表示思想、信念的動(dòng)詞:think (認(rèn)為), consider (認(rèn)為), believe, trust, guess, wonder, forget, know, understand, realize, suppose, agree等。
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
⑩表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果,常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:recently, lately, before, yet, ever, never, once, just等。
表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作,這一動(dòng)作還可能持續(xù)下去,常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:since, up till now, so far, for a long time, in the last/past few years, these days等。
表示在目前為止一段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的重復(fù)的行為,即表示一種經(jīng)歷。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,但須與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
He has often gone to Beijing these years. (現(xiàn)在不一定在北京)
表示“這是第幾次做某事”。This/It is+第幾次+that從句,從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
have been (to)和have gone (to)的區(qū)別
have been (to)側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷,表示曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地。(此時(shí)人很可能不在那里,已經(jīng)回來(lái))
have gone (to)表示某人已經(jīng)去了某地。(此時(shí)人已在那里,或在路上,而不在這里)
4.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可能剛剛結(jié)束,可能還在進(jìn)行,而且還會(huì)進(jìn)行下去。
表示直到說(shuō)話為止的一段時(shí)間里一直反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成,著重結(jié)果。
I have watered the flowers this morning. (已澆過(guò)花)
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性。
I have been watering the flowers this morning. (一直在澆花)
對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練
完成下列小題,并指出考查上述哪個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)(①~)
第一組 單項(xiàng)填空
1.(2024·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ)If we ________ now to protect the environment, we'll live to regret it.
A. hadn't acted
B. haven't acted
C. don't act
D. won't act
答案 __C__ 知識(shí)點(diǎn) __③__
解析 句意:如果我們現(xiàn)在不采取行動(dòng)保護(hù)環(huán)境的話,我們將抱憾終身。if引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在真實(shí)條件句的結(jié)構(gòu)為:主將從現(xiàn)(主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))。本題中,主句為we'll live,從句應(yīng)為don't act,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定形式,故答案為選項(xiàng)C。
2.(2024·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ)When I first met Bryan I didn't like him, but I ________ my mind.
A. have changed
B. change
C. had changed
D. would change
答案 __A__ 知識(shí)點(diǎn) __⑩__
解析 句意:當(dāng)我第一次見(jiàn)到布萊恩時(shí),我不怎么喜歡他,但我已經(jīng)改變對(duì)他的看法了。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have changed對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響就是我改變了對(duì)Bryan的看法。
3.(2024·北京卷)Hurry up! Mark and Carol ________ us.
A. expect
B. are expecting
C. have expected
D. will expect
答案 __B__ 知識(shí)點(diǎn) __⑤__
解析 句意:快點(diǎn)!馬克和卡爾在等待我們。根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
4.(2024·福建卷)The girl has a great interest in sport and ________ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.
A. took
B. is taking
C. takes
D. has been taking
答案 __D__ 知識(shí)點(diǎn) ____
解析 根據(jù)twice a week over the last three years可知句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
5.(2024·湖南卷)Around two o'clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat ________ us.
A. bothers
B. had bothered
C. would bother
D. bothered
答案 __A__ 知識(shí)點(diǎn) __①__
解析 句意:大約每晚兩點(diǎn)左右, 蘇開(kāi)始說(shuō)夢(mèng)話。這在某種程度干擾了我們。根據(jù)句意,句子應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
6.(2024·湖南卷)— Have you heard about the recent election?
— Sure, it ________ the only thing on the news for the last three days.
A. would be
B. is
C. has been
D. will be
答案 __C__ 知識(shí)點(diǎn) ____
解析 根據(jù)問(wèn)句可知談?wù)摰氖乾F(xiàn)在的事情;再根據(jù)for the last three days可知應(yīng)用完成時(shí)態(tài),故答案是C項(xiàng)。
第二組 語(yǔ)法填空
7.— I ________ (work) for more than 30 years! I'm going to retire soon.
— Really? You don't look like a lady over 40.
答案 have_been_working 知識(shí)點(diǎn) ____
解析 由I'm going to retire soon.可知,目前還在工作。表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始發(fā)生,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且還可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去,用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
8.— The constant noise around here ________ (drive) me crazy!
— Calm down. It's no use complaining.
答案 is_driving 知識(shí)點(diǎn) __⑦_(dá)_
解析 從答話者的話可以看出他是在安慰對(duì)方,勸他不要抱怨。不難看出第一個(gè)講話者使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一種不滿的情緒。
9.— Car prices have been going down sharply in the last 20 years.
— It's not surprising because the law of market ________ (control) the price of a product.
答案 controls 知識(shí)點(diǎn) __②__
解析 句意:——汽車的價(jià)格在過(guò)去的20年急劇下降。——這一點(diǎn)也不奇怪,因?yàn)槭袌?chǎng)規(guī)律決定產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格。“市場(chǎng)規(guī)律決定產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格”說(shuō)的是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí),因此用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
10.“The moment ________ (come) soon,” he thought to himself, waiting nervously.
答案 is_coming 知識(shí)點(diǎn) __⑧__
解析 根據(jù)soon“很快”,可判斷用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。is coming是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)的含義。
11.— I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me?
— Sorry, I ________ (not, play) the piano for years.
答案 haven't_played 知識(shí)點(diǎn) ____
解析 第一個(gè)speaker請(qǐng)第二個(gè)speaker彈鋼琴,第二個(gè)speaker表示拒絕,并解釋原因“我好多年都沒(méi)有彈鋼琴了”,是從好多年前算起到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止,所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
12.Is this the second time that you ________ (visit) the Summer Palace?
答案 have_visited 知識(shí)點(diǎn) ____
解析 在“It/This is+the second或其他序數(shù)詞+time”后接的從句中用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。還應(yīng)注意主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用was時(shí),從句中要使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
13.— Have you read the timetable?
— Yes. The train ________ (start) at 10:12 p.m.
答案 starts 知識(shí)點(diǎn) __④__
解析 由列車時(shí)刻表規(guī)定的發(fā)車時(shí)間,只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表達(dá)。
14.The gas tank ________ (hold) twenty gallons of gas, but now it may contain only three gallons.
答案 holds 知識(shí)點(diǎn) __⑨__
解析 hold表示“裝;容納;包含”,是及物動(dòng)詞。表示容器的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用主動(dòng)式,且不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
二、過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)
知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解
1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)
①表示過(guò)去某一具體時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:yesterday, last year, in 2024, the other day, in those days, during the night等。
②表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的經(jīng)常、反復(fù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
③表示實(shí)際上“剛剛”發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,但沒(méi)有表明發(fā)生的具體時(shí)間。
I didn't notice where I was going.
④在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。
⑤表示過(guò)去時(shí)間內(nèi)連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
At four o'clock, Polly left work and stepped out into the fog.
⑥know, think, expect等動(dòng)詞用于一般過(guò)去時(shí),表示“本來(lái)認(rèn)為;原來(lái)沒(méi)有料到”。
2.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
⑦表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或發(fā)生的事情。常與過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
⑧表示過(guò)去一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí),另一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
When Paul knocked at the door Jim was watching TV in the living room.
⑨come, go, arrive, begin, leave等動(dòng)詞用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),表示過(guò)去按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
⑩與always, all the time等連用,表示說(shuō)話人的感嘆、厭惡等情緒。
3.過(guò)去完成時(shí)
表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。
表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間,并且可能持續(xù)下去,常與for, since連用。
hope, think, intend, expect, mean等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、計(jì)劃等。
“This/It was+第幾次+that從句”, that從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
“Hardly/Scarcely ... when ...”和“No sooner ... than ...”結(jié)構(gòu)中,主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
4.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。
She said she would be there at seven o'clock, and she thought she would keep her word.
was/were going to, was/were to do, was/were about to do以及過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。
5.一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,不與確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
He has cleaned the room. (說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在房間很干凈)
一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事情、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,常與確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
He cleaned the room an hour ago, but it's dirty now.
對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練
完成下列小題,并指出考查上述哪個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)(①~)
第一組 單項(xiàng)填空
1.(2024·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ)We ________ very early so we packed the night before.
A. leave
B. had left
C. were leaving D. have left
答案 __C__ 知識(shí)點(diǎn) __⑨__
解析 句意:我們要早早地動(dòng)身,所以在前天晚上就打好包了。be leaving表將來(lái)。
2.(2024·安徽卷)I'm calling about the apartment you ________ the other day. Could you tell me more about it?
A. advertised
B. had advertised
C. are advertising
D. will advertise
答案 __A__ 知識(shí)點(diǎn) __①__
解析 由the other day知用過(guò)去時(shí)。
3.(2024·湖南卷)— I don't understand why you didn't go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.
— I'm so sorry. But I ________ my homework.
A. had done
B. was doing
C. would do
D. am doing
答案 __B__ 知識(shí)點(diǎn) __⑦_(dá)_
解析 句意:——我不明白你為什么昨天下午沒(méi)有去聽(tīng)演講。——對(duì)不起,我昨天下午在做作業(yè)。根據(jù)句意可知,句子應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
4.— Did you buy the silk scarf for your mum's birthday in that shop?
— I ________, but I thought I would see if there are any better in other shops.
A. did
B. would
C. had
D. was going to
答案 __D__ 知識(shí)點(diǎn) ____
解析 問(wèn)句中用的一般過(guò)去時(shí),答語(yǔ)后半句也用一般過(guò)去時(shí),所以空白處應(yīng)使用表示過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)。由句意可知,還沒(méi)有買那條圍巾,應(yīng)該表達(dá)“打算買”,用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。would表示單純的將來(lái); was going to“打算;即將”, D項(xiàng)最合適。
5.The school board listened quietly as Jack read the demands that his classmates ________ forward.
A. be putting
B. had put
C. were put
D. have put
答案 __B__ 知識(shí)點(diǎn) ____
解析 句意:當(dāng)杰克朗讀他的同學(xué)們提出的需求時(shí),學(xué)校董事會(huì)安靜地聽(tīng)著。句中l(wèi)istened和read用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí), put forward這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在listened和read之前,故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。本題選擇B項(xiàng)。
第二組 語(yǔ)法填空
6.When I ________ (head) home, I caught a thief stealing from a passerby.
答案 was_heading 知識(shí)點(diǎn) __⑧__
解析 句意:在我回家時(shí),我抓住了一個(gè)正在向路人行竊的小偷。由句意及caught可知,此處用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
7.They ________ (intend) to go shopping in the downtown district, but they cancelled it because of a hard rain.
答案 had_intended 知識(shí)點(diǎn) ____
解析 句意:他們本來(lái)打算去市中心購(gòu)物,但是由于大雨而取消了計(jì)劃。intend這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在cancelled之前,表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
8.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he ________ (leave) office soon.
答案 would_leave 知識(shí)點(diǎn) ____
解析 根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“soon”以及謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài),可知此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。