專(zhuān)題十三　倒裝句

　　英語(yǔ)最基本的語(yǔ)序是主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在后。但有時(shí)由于句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，就要采用倒裝形式。

　　一、全部倒裝

　　全部倒裝是指將句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)有：

　　1．here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。

　　There goes the bell.鈴響了。

　　2．表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)置于句首，謂語(yǔ)是表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。

　　In came the teacher.老師進(jìn)來(lái)了。

　　注意：上述全部倒裝的句型的主語(yǔ)必須是名詞，如果主語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞則不能完全倒裝。

　　Here he comes. 他來(lái)了。

　　3．表地點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)置于句首或強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)概念時(shí)用全部倒裝。

　　On the table were some flowers.桌子上有一些花。

　　二、部分倒裝

　　部分倒裝是指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前。如果句中的謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前。

　　常見(jiàn)的情況有：

　　1．帶有否定意義的詞或短語(yǔ)放在句首，語(yǔ)序需要部分倒裝。常見(jiàn)的詞語(yǔ)有： not, never, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, at no time, not only, not once, under no condition, hardly... when, no sooner... than..., not until...等。

　　Neither will theory do without practice，nor will practice do without theory.理論離不開(kāi)實(shí)踐，實(shí)踐也離不開(kāi)理論。

　　Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.他不僅拒收了禮品，還狠狠批評(píng)了送禮的人。

　　注意：當(dāng)not until引出主從復(fù)合句時(shí)，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。

　　The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep. 媽媽直到孩子睡著才離開(kāi)房間。

　　只有當(dāng)not only... but also連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，才在第1個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的not only...but also僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語(yǔ)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　Not only you but also I am fond of music.我和你都喜歡音樂(lè)。

　　2．表示“也；也不” 的so, neither, nor放在句首時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝。

　　Tom can speak French. So can Jack.Tom會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)，Jack也會(huì)。

　　If you won't go, neither will I．如果你不去，我也不去。

　　注意：當(dāng)so引出的句子用于對(duì)上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“的確如此”。

　　—It's raining hard. 雨下得很大。

　　—So it is.的確很大。

　　3．only放在句首，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)(副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句等)，全句語(yǔ)序要部分倒裝。

　　Only in this way can you work out the problem.只有用這種方法你才能解決問(wèn)題。

　　注意：如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝

　　Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.

　　他只有病得非常嚴(yán)重時(shí)才會(huì)臥床休息。

　　三、as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句

　　as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)提前(形容詞， 副詞， 分詞， 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前)。此時(shí)應(yīng)注意：1) 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞；2) 句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞， 其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語(yǔ)之前。

　　Hero as he is，he still has shortcomings.盡管他是一個(gè)英雄，但是他也有缺點(diǎn)。

　　Much as I like it，I'll not buy it.盡管我很喜歡它，但我不會(huì)買(mǎi)。

　　四、其他部分倒裝

　　1．so / such...that 句型中的so 位于句首時(shí)，需倒裝。

　　So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.他害怕得動(dòng)都不敢動(dòng)。

　　Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的進(jìn)步以至于受到了表?yè)P(yáng)。

　　2．在某些表示祝愿的句型中。

　　May you all be happy.望大家開(kāi)心愉快。

　　3．在虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句中從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有were, had, should等詞時(shí)，可將if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主語(yǔ)之前，采取部分倒裝。

　　Were I you, I would try it again.如果我是你，我就再試一次。

　　高考試題每年都要涉及句法知識(shí)，特殊句式已經(jīng)成為高考的熱點(diǎn)，倒裝句每年都有涉及。而對(duì)于倒裝句式的考查，命題人越來(lái)越重視，他們加大了對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和知識(shí)面的考查，同時(shí)注重考查知識(shí)之間的交叉以及句式的變化，例如倒裝句中否定副詞位于句首；as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的倒裝。2011全國(guó)卷I 28】Only when he reached the tea-house ______it was the same place he’d been in last year.

　　A. he realized

　　B. he did realize

　　C. realized he

　　D. did he realize

　　D

　　【考點(diǎn)】本題考察倒裝句。

　　【解析】Only引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首，應(yīng)把主句中動(dòng)詞的助動(dòng)詞提前構(gòu)成部分倒裝。

　　2011福建卷29】—It’s nice. Never before____ such a special drink!

　　I’m glad you like it.

　　A.I have had

　　B. I had

　　C. have I had

　　D. had I

　　【答案】C

　　【考點(diǎn)】考查時(shí)態(tài)及倒裝。

　　【解析】never是否定副詞，置于句首，句子要部分倒裝；由語(yǔ)意可知說(shuō)話人以前從未喝過(guò)這樣特別的飲料，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選C項(xiàng)。

　　2011湖南卷32】Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours _______a decision

　　A. they reached

　　B. did they reach

　　C. they reach

　　D. do they reach

　　B

　　【考點(diǎn)】本題考察only前置的倒裝句。

　　Only引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句前置，主句主謂要部分倒裝。又因?yàn)閺那拔闹械?had discussed"判斷出是過(guò)去時(shí)間，故選B；句意：只有在他們討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題好幾個(gè)小時(shí)之后他們才作出決定。

　　10江蘇〗—Is everyone here?

　　—Not yet……Look , there_______ the rest of our guests!

　　A. come

　　B. comes

　　C. is coming

　　D. are coming

　　A

　　〖考點(diǎn)〗倒裝句

　　〖解析〗謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)后面的主語(yǔ)

　　〖10四川〗If you have a job,

　　yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.

　　A. do devote

　　B. don’t devote

　　C. devoting

　　D. not devoting

　　A

　　〖考點(diǎn)〗考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)及 “祈使句+and+將來(lái)時(shí)句子”的固定搭配。

　　, 又有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)要借助助動(dòng)詞do, 故選A。句意為：“如果你有了一份工作, 付出努力去做它, 最后你定能成功。”

　　10四川〗We laugh at jokes, but seldom

　　about how they work.

　　A. we think

　　B. think we

　　C. we do think

　　D. do we think

　　D

　　〖考點(diǎn)〗考查倒裝。

　　〖解析〗seldom為否定副詞放句首, 用部分倒裝, 故選D。句意為 “我們因笑話而笑, 但很少去思考笑話怎樣讓我們笑。”

　　10?陜西〗John opened the door . There _____ he had never seen before.

　　A. a girl did stand

　　B. a girl stood

　　C. did a girl stand

　　D. stood a girl

　　D

　　〖考點(diǎn)〗考查特殊句式。

　　〖解析〗Here, There, Thus, Then等副詞位于句首, 且當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí), 句子用全部倒裝句, 選D。

　　10江西〗Not until he left his home ______ to know how important the family was for him.

　　A did he begin

　　B had he begun

　　C he began

　　D he had begun

　　A

　　〖考點(diǎn)〗考查倒裝。

　　〖解析〗not until放在句首要用部分倒裝, 翻譯為直到, 所以begin發(fā)生在left之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生

　　10重慶〗At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China.

　　A. lies Chongqing

　　B. Chongqing lies

　　C. does lie Chongqing

　　D. does Chongqing lie

　　A

　　〖考點(diǎn)〗考查倒裝。

　　〖解析〗表示方位的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)提前, 句子完全倒裝, 所以選A項(xiàng)。

　　10湖北〗Only if people of all the countries are united ________（我們才能解決）the existing problems in the world. (solve)

　　will we be able to solve/can we solve.

　　〖考點(diǎn)〗倒裝句

　　〖解析〗only位于句首修飾狀語(yǔ)從句要倒裝。根據(jù) “主將從現(xiàn)”的原則可以確認(rèn)主句的助動(dòng)詞是“will”, 或者使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞“can”

　　09安徽〗

　　a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.

　　A. It has

　　B. They have

　　C. It remains

　　D. There remains

　　D

　　〖考點(diǎn)〗考查T(mén)here be句型。

　　〖(09福建〗For a moment nothing happened Then

　　all shouting together.

　　A. voices had come

　　B. came voices

　　C. voices would come D. did voices come

　　B

　　〖考點(diǎn)〗

　　〖解析〗副詞then位于句首, 且當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí), 句子用全部倒裝句, 選B。

　　09海南〗The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only ________, but students became more interested in the lessons.

　　A. saved was teachers’ energy

　　B. was teachers’ energy saved

　　C. teachers’ energy was saved

　　D. was saved teachers’ energy

　　B

　　〖考點(diǎn)〗考查倒裝

　　〖解析〗句意為：計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用于教學(xué)。結(jié)果, 不僅教師節(jié)省能量, 而且學(xué)生對(duì)課程更感興趣。考查 “not only...but also...”,

　　放在句首作狀語(yǔ), 句子則進(jìn)行部分倒裝。前一部分倒裝, 后一部分不倒裝。

　　09山東〗So sudden ________that the enemy had no time to escape.

　　A. did the attack

　　B. the attack did

　　C. was the attack

　　D. the attack was

　　C

　　〖考點(diǎn)〗考查倒裝

　　〖解析〗so ..that.., such ..that..的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中, 若so, such 和與其所修飾的詞置于句首, 實(shí)行部分倒裝, 又sudden是形容詞, 作表語(yǔ), 所以選C。

　　09陜西〗Little

　　about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.

　　A. did Rose care

　　B. Rose did care

　　C. Rose does care

　　D. does Rose care

　　A

　　〖考點(diǎn)〗考查倒裝

　　〖解析〗little是具有否定意義的詞, 位于句首時(shí)句子用部分倒裝句, 選A。

　　09四川〗Not until I came home last night ________ to bed.

　　A. Mum did go

　　B. did Mum go

　　C. went Mum

　　D. Mum went

　　B

　　〖考點(diǎn)〗倒裝語(yǔ)序的用法。

　　〖解析〗not until 位于句首時(shí)要用半倒裝的句型, 把助動(dòng)詞did提到主語(yǔ)Mum的前面。所以答案為：B

　　09重慶〗Unsatisfied _________with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.

　　A. though was he

　　B. though he was

　　C. he was though

　　D. was he though

　　B

　　〖考點(diǎn)〗倒裝語(yǔ)序的用法。

　　〖解析〗as, though等詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí), 常將表語(yǔ)提前置于句首, 其后跟連詞和正常的主謂語(yǔ)序。

　　08江西〗It was announced that only when the fire was under control

　　to return to their homes.

　　A. the residents would be permitted

　　B. had the residents been permitted

　　C. would the residents be permitted

　　D. the residents had been permitted

　　〖答案〗C

　　〖考點(diǎn)〗此題考查部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)

　　〖解析〗句意為：據(jù)宣布, 只有在火勢(shì)被控制住的時(shí)候居民們才被允許回到家中。that從句中only引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首, that從句需用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　08重慶〗Only when I left my parents for Italy

　　how much I loved them.

　　A.I realized

　　B.I had realized

　　C.had I realized

　　D.did I realize

　　D

　　〖考點(diǎn)〗考查部分倒裝。

　　〖解析〗 “only+狀語(yǔ)”放于句首時(shí)主句用部分倒裝。首先要看到倒裝的標(biāo)志詞only, 然后再看when引導(dǎo)從句表示過(guò)去, 所以主句也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。

　　08遼寧〗 Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and ______.

　　A. I was neither

　　B. neither was I

　　C. I was either

　　D. either was I

　　B

　　〖考點(diǎn)〗本題考查倒裝。

　　〖解析〗句意為：Bill對(duì)Jason耽誤了報(bào)告的事不高興, 我也是（我也不高興）。表示 “某人也不……時(shí)”, 應(yīng)該用 “neither/nor+助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”。

　　08江蘇〗

　　you eat the correct foods

　　be able to keep fit and stay healthy.

　　A.Only if;will you

　　B.Only if;you will

　　C.Unless;will you

　　D.Unless;you will

　　A

　　〖考點(diǎn)〗本題考查倒裝。

　　〖解析〗句意為：只有吃適當(dāng)?shù)氖澄? 你才能夠保持……, only if位于句首時(shí), 主句應(yīng)用部分倒裝形式。

　　07全國(guó)〗If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party,

　　.

　　A.he will either

　　B.neither will he

　　C.he neither will

　　D.either he will

　　B

　　〖考點(diǎn)〗此題考查neither引導(dǎo)倒裝句

　　neither引導(dǎo)倒裝句, 表示前者不做某事, 后者也不做。

　　07上海〗—How was the televised debate last night?

　　Super!Rarely

　　so much media attention.

　　A.a debate attracted

　　B.did a debate attract

　　C.a debate did attract

　　D.attracted a debate

　　〖答案〗B

　　〖考點(diǎn)〗本題考查倒裝。

　　〖解析〗否定副詞置于句首時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　07安徽〗Little

　　that we were watching his every move,

　　so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.

　　A.he realized

　　B.he didn’t realize

　　C.didn’t he realize

　　D.did he realize

　　D

　　〖考點(diǎn)〗本題考查倒裝。

　　〖解析〗否定副詞little提前, 主句用部分倒裝。

　　07陜西〗

　　that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.