專題二

　　說明文型語法填空

　　專題二　說明文型語法填空 　專題導讀 專題二 │專題導讀

　　說明文是對事物的特征、本質、性能、狀態，或事物的發生、發展、結果、用途、原理等進行介紹、解釋、說明的一種文體。其語言特點有：

　　1．多用現在時態。因為說明文通常是對客觀事物或事理的一種介紹與解釋。

　　2．采用客觀描述。說明文一般是對客觀存在的說明與介紹，因此，語言的表述也應該盡可能地給人以客觀可信的感覺。

　　分析句子結構是答題過程中很關鍵的一步。做題時，首先確定句子的主謂賓成分，看看該句子缺不缺謂語動詞，然后再考慮非謂語動詞或者其他成分。此時，要借助上下文的暗示或明示，確定需要填入詞語的詞性、形式和功能等。 　典例導練 專題二 │典例導練 The air we breathe is freely available, without which we could not survive more than a few minutes.For the most part, air is available to everyone, and everyone __1__ (need) it.Some people use the air to sustain them while __2__(seat) around and feel sorry for themselves.__3__ breathe in the air and use the energy it provides to make__4__ magnificent life.Opportunity is__5__ the same way; it is everywhere.It is__6__freely available that we take it for granted.Yet opportunity alone is not enough to create success, it must__7__ (seize) and acted upon in order to have value.So many people are so anxious to “get in” on a 專題二 │典例導練 “ground floor opportunity”， as if the opportunity will do all the work that’s __8__(possible)．Just as you need air to breathe, you need opportunity to succeed.It takes more than just breathing in the fresh air of opportunity, __9__.You must make use of it.That's not up to the opportunity, that’s up to you.It doesn’t matter what “floor” the opportunity is on, but __10__ matters is what you do with it. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 專題二 │典例導練

　　【解析】1．needs　考查主謂一致，由全文時態可知用一般現在時， everyone后用第三人稱單數。

　　2．seated　過去分詞作伴隨狀語， 相當于“while they are seated”。

　　3．Others　句型：some...others...

　　4．a　表示“一種奇妙的生活”，是泛指，故用不定冠詞a。

　　5．in　in the way是固定搭配。

　　專題二 │典例導練

　　6．so　句型：so...that...

　　7．be seized　依據上下文的理解， 可知句意表示“有機遇必須抓住， 你才能成功”。

　　8．impossible　依據上下文和構詞法， 此處應為“不可能的”， 故用“impossible”。

　　9．however/though　插入語， 意為“然而”。

　　10．what　引導主語從句且在句中作主語，故用what。 專題二 │ 新題預測 (一) Two seeds lay side by side in the fertile spring soil. The first seed said, “I want to grow! I want to send my roots deep into the soil __1__ me, and thrust my sprouts (芽) __2__ the earth’s crust above me.I want to open my tender buds(蓓蕾) like banners to announce the __3__ (arrive) of spring.I want to feel the warmth of the sun on my face and the blessing of the morning dew(露水) on my petals(花瓣)！” And so she grew.The second seed said, “I am afraid.If I send my roots into the ground below, I don’t know what I __4__(come) across in the dark.If I push my way through 　新題預測 專題二 │ 新題預測 the hard soil above me, I may damage my delicate sprouts. What if I let my buds open and a snail (蝸牛) tries __5__(eat) them? And __6__ I were to open my blossoms, __7__ small child may pull me from the ground.No, it is much __8__ (good) for me to wait __9__it is safe.”And so she waited. A yard hen scratching around in the early spring ground for food found the waiting seed and immediately ate __10__. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 專題二 │ 新題預測 【解析】兩顆種子的故事，告訴我們懼怕冒險和成長，最終要被生活吞沒。

　　1．beneath　介詞，意為“在……之下”與下文的above相對。

　　2．through　介詞，意為“穿過”。

　　3．arrival　在冠詞后用名詞。

　　4．will come　對未來的預測，句意為：我不知道在黑暗之中將會遇到什么。

　　5．to eat　因try表示“試圖做某事”，后接不定式。

　　6．if　if引導虛擬條件句。

　　7．a　表示泛指的“某一個”小孩，故用不定冠詞a。 專題二 │ 新題預測

　　8．better　隱性比較級，即“等”比“長”好得多。句中much也提示我們要用比較級，因為much常用來修飾比較級，表示“……得多”。

　　9．until　意為“直到”，引導時間狀語從句。

　　10．it　it指代前文中的the waiting seed。 專題二 │ 新題預測 (二) What would you do if you failed? Many people may choose to give up.__1__ , the surest way to success is to keep your direction and stick __2__ your goal.On your way to success, you __3__ keep your direction.It is just like a lamp, guiding you in darkness and __4__ (help) you overcome obstacles on your way.__5__ , you will easily get lost or hesitate to go ahead. Direction means objectives.You can get nowhere __6__ an objective in life. 專題二 │ 新題預測 You can try to write your objective on paper and make some plans to achieve __7__.Only in this way __8__ you know how to arrange your time and to spend your time __9__(proper)．And you should also have a belief __10__ you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 專題二 │ 新題預測 【解析】本文告訴我們，要想成功，最可靠的方法就是堅持你的方向和目標。

　　1．However　與前句是轉折關系，空格前后都有標點， 用副詞however。

　　2．to　stick to意為“堅持”。

　　3．must　由語境不難揣摸出作者的語氣，句意為：在通往成功的路上，你必須堅持你的方向。

　　4．helping　與guiding并列，一起補充說明a lamp，故用現在分詞。

　　5．Otherwise　由本句與前句的邏輯關系可知，要填表示“否則”的otherwise。 專題二 │ 新題預測

　　6．without　句意：人生如果沒有目標，你將一事無成。

　　7．it　it指代your objective。

　　8．will/can　句意：只有這樣，你才會知道……

　　9．properly　修飾動詞spend作狀語用副詞。

　　10．that　引導同位語從句，從句中不缺句子成分，且意義完整，故填that。 專題二 │ 新題預測 (三) It happened that a dog had got a piece of meat and was carrying __1__ home in his mouth.Now, __2__ his way home he had to cross a plank lying __3__a running brook.__4__ he crossed, he looked __5__ and saw his own shadow __6__ (reflect) in the water beneath. Thinking it was __7__ dog with another piece of meat, he made up his mind to have that also.So he made a snap at __8__ shadow in the water, __9__ as he opened his mouth the piece of meat fell out, __10__(drop) into the water and was never seen more. Beware lest you lose the substance by grasping at the shadow. 專題二 │ 新題預測 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 專題二 │ 新題預測 【解析】這則狗和影子的故事，告誡我們：切莫因追逐幻影而丟失已有的東西。

　　1．it　指代a piece of meat，故用it。

　　2．on　表示“在某人回家的路上”用on one’s way home。

　　3．across　表示“橫過”河流或道路等細長的東西或操場等一個平面的東西，用介詞across。

　　4．As/When　表示“當……時候”。

　　5．down　因“向下看”才能看到水中的影子，故用down。

　　6．reflected　因shadow與reflect是被動關系，故用過去分詞作定語。 專題二 │ 新題預測

　　7．another　指它以為是“另一條狗”。

　　8．the　特指水中的“那個”影子，故用定冠詞the。

　　9．but　前后是轉折關系。

　　10．dropped　與opened, was seen是并列關系，三個先后發生的動作應當用同一時態，故drop也用一般過去時，故填dropped。

　　專題二

　　說明文型語法填空

　　專題二　說明文型語法填空 　專題導讀 專題二 │專題導讀

　　說明文是對事物的特征、本質、性能、狀態，或事物的發生、發展、結果、用途、原理等進行介紹、解釋、說明的一種文體。其語言特點有：

　　1．多用現在時態。因為說明文通常是對客觀事物或事理的一種介紹與解釋。

　　2．采用客觀描述。說明文一般是對客觀存在的說明與介紹，因此，語言的表述也應該盡可能地給人以客觀可信的感覺。

　　分析句子結構是答題過程中很關鍵的一步。做題時，首先確定句子的主謂賓成分，看看該句子缺不缺謂語動詞，然后再考慮非謂語動詞或者其他成分。此時，要借助上下文的暗示或明示，確定需要填入詞語的詞性、形式和功能等。 　典例導練 專題二 │典例導練 The air we breathe is freely available, without which we could not survive more than a few minutes.For the most part, air is available to everyone, and everyone __1__ (need) it.Some people use the air to sustain them while __2__(seat) around and feel sorry for themselves.__3__ breathe in the air and use the energy it provides to make__4__ magnificent life.Opportunity is__5__ the same way; it is everywhere.It is__6__freely available that we take it for granted.Yet opportunity alone is not enough to create success, it must__7__ (seize) and acted upon in order to have value.So many people are so anxious to “get in” on a 專題二 │典例導練 “ground floor opportunity”， as if the opportunity will do all the work that’s __8__(possible)．Just as you need air to breathe, you need opportunity to succeed.It takes more than just breathing in the fresh air of opportunity, __9__.You must make use of it.That's not up to the opportunity, that’s up to you.It doesn’t matter what “floor” the opportunity is on, but __10__ matters is what you do with it. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 專題二 │典例導練

　　【解析】1．needs　考查主謂一致，由全文時態可知用一般現在時， everyone后用第三人稱單數。

　　2．seated　過去分詞作伴隨狀語， 相當于“while they are seated”。

　　3．Others　句型：some...others...

　　4．a　表示“一種奇妙的生活”，是泛指，故用不定冠詞a。

　　5．in　in the way是固定搭配。

　　專題二 │典例導練

　　6．so　句型：so...that...

　　7．be seized　依據上下文的理解， 可知句意表示“有機遇必須抓住， 你才能成功”。

　　8．impossible　依據上下文和構詞法， 此處應為“不可能的”， 故用“impossible”。

　　9．however/though　插入語， 意為“然而”。

　　10．what　引導主語從句且在句中作主語，故用what。 專題二 │ 新題預測 (一) Two seeds lay side by side in the fertile spring soil. The first seed said, “I want to grow! I want to send my roots deep into the soil __1__ me, and thrust my sprouts (芽) __2__ the earth’s crust above me.I want to open my tender buds(蓓蕾) like banners to announce the __3__ (arrive) of spring.I want to feel the warmth of the sun on my face and the blessing of the morning dew(露水) on my petals(花瓣)！” And so she grew.The second seed said, “I am afraid.If I send my roots into the ground below, I don’t know what I __4__(come) across in the dark.If I push my way through 　新題預測 專題二 │ 新題預測 the hard soil above me, I may damage my delicate sprouts. What if I let my buds open and a snail (蝸牛) tries __5__(eat) them? And __6__ I were to open my blossoms, __7__ small child may pull me from the ground.No, it is much __8__ (good) for me to wait __9__it is safe.”And so she waited. A yard hen scratching around in the early spring ground for food found the waiting seed and immediately ate __10__. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 專題二 │ 新題預測 【解析】兩顆種子的故事，告訴我們懼怕冒險和成長，最終要被生活吞沒。

　　1．beneath　介詞，意為“在……之下”與下文的above相對。

　　2．through　介詞，意為“穿過”。

　　3．arrival　在冠詞后用名詞。

　　4．will come　對未來的預測，句意為：我不知道在黑暗之中將會遇到什么。

　　5．to eat　因try表示“試圖做某事”，后接不定式。

　　6．if　if引導虛擬條件句。

　　7．a　表示泛指的“某一個”小孩，故用不定冠詞a。 專題二 │ 新題預測

　　8．better　隱性比較級，即“等”比“長”好得多。句中much也提示我們要用比較級，因為much常用來修飾比較級，表示“……得多”。

　　9．until　意為“直到”，引導時間狀語從句。

　　10．it　it指代前文中的the waiting seed。 專題二 │ 新題預測 (二) What would you do if you failed? Many people may choose to give up.__1__ , the surest way to success is to keep your direction and stick __2__ your goal.On your way to success, you __3__ keep your direction.It is just like a lamp, guiding you in darkness and __4__ (help) you overcome obstacles on your way.__5__ , you will easily get lost or hesitate to go ahead. Direction means objectives.You can get nowhere __6__ an objective in life. 專題二 │ 新題預測 You can try to write your objective on paper and make some plans to achieve __7__.Only in this way __8__ you know how to arrange your time and to spend your time __9__(proper)．And you should also have a belief __10__ you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 專題二 │ 新題預測 【解析】本文告訴我們，要想成功，最可靠的方法就是堅持你的方向和目標。

　　1．However　與前句是轉折關系，空格前后都有標點， 用副詞however。

　　2．to　stick to意為“堅持”。

　　3．must　由語境不難揣摸出作者的語氣，句意為：在通往成功的路上，你必須堅持你的方向。

　　4．helping　與guiding并列，一起補充說明a lamp，故用現在分詞。

　　5．Otherwise　由本句與前句的邏輯關系可知，要填表示“否則”的otherwise。 專題二 │ 新題預測

　　6．without　句意：人生如果沒有目標，你將一事無成。

　　7．it　it指代your objective。

　　8．will/can　句意：只有這樣，你才會知道……

　　9．properly　修飾動詞spend作狀語用副詞。

　　10．that　引導同位語從句，從句中不缺句子成分，且意義完整，故填that。 專題二 │ 新題預測 (三) It happened that a dog had got a piece of meat and was carrying __1__ home in his mouth.Now, __2__ his way home he had to cross a plank lying __3__a running brook.__4__ he crossed, he looked __5__ and saw his own shadow __6__ (reflect) in the water beneath. Thinking it was __7__ dog with another piece of meat, he made up his mind to have that also.So he made a snap at __8__ shadow in the water, __9__ as he opened his mouth the piece of meat fell out, __10__(drop) into the water and was never seen more. Beware lest you lose the substance by grasping at the shadow. 專題二 │ 新題預測 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 專題二 │ 新題預測 【解析】這則狗和影子的故事，告誡我們：切莫因追逐幻影而丟失已有的東西。

　　1．it　指代a piece of meat，故用it。

　　2．on　表示“在某人回家的路上”用on one’s way home。

　　3．across　表示“橫過”河流或道路等細長的東西或操場等一個平面的東西，用介詞across。

　　4．As/When　表示“當……時候”。

　　5．down　因“向下看”才能看到水中的影子，故用down。

　　6．reflected　因shadow與reflect是被動關系，故用過去分詞作定語。 專題二 │ 新題預測

　　7．another　指它以為是“另一條狗”。

　　8．the　特指水中的“那個”影子，故用定冠詞the。

　　9．but　前后是轉折關系。

　　10．dropped　與opened, was seen是并列關系，三個先后發生的動作應當用同一時態，故drop也用一般過去時，故填dropped。