2024屆高考英語一輪復習專題講學案:專題03 形容詞和副詞(解析版)
【考綱解讀】
形容詞和副詞在高考試題中始終占很重要的地位。近幾年高考對形容詞和副詞的考查具有“淡化語法、注重深層語義”的特點,以形容詞和副詞辨析為熱點。同時繼續加強對形容詞和副詞比較等級的考查。其考點主要包括:
1.考查形容詞和副詞詞義辨析。
2.考查形容詞修飾名詞時的詞序,即指示代詞/不定代詞+數詞(序數詞、基數詞)+描繪性形容詞+特征性形容詞(大小、長短、高低、形狀、年齡、新舊)+顏色形容詞+國籍、出處+物質、材料+用途、類別+中心名詞。
3.考查形容詞和副詞比較等級的常用句型及其修飾成分在句中的位置。
4.考查與形容詞和副詞有關的習語結構。
高考對形容詞、副詞的考查熱點將仍然集中在對形容詞、副詞的詞義辨析上,同時繼續加強對形容詞、副詞比較等級的考查。
【重點知識梳理】
一、形容詞和副詞的基本用法
1.形容詞在句中的作用。
(1)形容詞在句中可作定語、表語和補語。
(2)形容詞在句中也可作狀語,用來表示主語所處的狀態。
He was lying in bed,dead.
(3)alone/afraid/asleep/awake/alive/ashamed/ill/well(身體好)等常用作表語而不用作定語。如:
He is an ill man.(錯)
The man is ill.(對)
She is an afraid girl.(錯)
The girl is afraid.(對)
(4)twoyearold/200metrelong/onethousandword等復合形容詞中的名詞要用單數,一般只用作前置定語。如:
Tom is a twoyearold boy.
2.副詞在句中的作用。
副詞在句中一般用作狀語,修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞,也可修飾整個句子。如:
Obviously you are wrong.
二、常用連接性副詞的用法
1.though用作副詞時,常在句末,意為“然而,可是”,表示轉折意義。
2.therefore“因此,所以”,表示結果。
3.meanwhile“與此同時,在此期間”,表示前后分句的動作同時發生。
4.moreover“另外”,表示承接關系。
5.however“然而”,表示讓步、轉折,常用逗號與句子的其他成分隔開。
6.besides“另外;還有”,表示遞進關系。
7.instead“相反”,表示前后分句意義相反。
三、形容詞、副詞的比較級及最高級
1.平級比較
(1)as+形容詞/副詞原級+as像……一樣
(2)as+adj.+a/an+名詞+as像……一樣的……
(3)as much+a/an+名詞+as和……一樣是……
(4)not as/so+形容詞/副詞原級+as...不如……那樣……
①Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is).
=Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is).
Henry和Peter一樣都是好工人。
②It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
人們普遍認為,教學是一門科學,同時也是一門藝術。
2.比較級
(1)the+比較級...,the+比較級...越……,越……
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make.
你越仔細,你犯的錯誤越少。
(2)the+比較級+of the two+名詞,表示“兩個中較……的”。
The taller of the two boys is my brother.
這兩個男孩中較高的是我哥哥。
3.比較級的修飾詞
常見的修飾詞有much,a lot,a great deal,far,even,a bit, a little, any(否定句、疑問句中),具體的數據等。
He is much taller than Yao Ming.
他比姚明高多了。
但是very/quite/fairly一般不用來修飾比較級;最高級常用by far/much或序數詞作狀語。如:
The population of China is by far the largest in the world.
Africa is the second largest continent.
4.幾種帶有否定詞的比較句型
(1)no better than表示“和……一樣;實際等于……”。例如:
The patient is no better than he was yesterday.
病人的情況和昨天一樣(不好)。
(2)no more...than表示“同……一樣不”。例如:
A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.
鯨和馬都不是魚。
(3)no less... than表示“和……一樣;不遜于”。例如:
The technique of writing is no less difficult than that of the
other arts.
寫作技巧和其他藝術技巧一樣困難。
5.比較級表達最高級含義
(1)“否定詞+比較級”有最高級的含義。
Your story is perfect;I've never heard a better one before。
你的故事太完美了,我從來沒有聽到比這更好聽的故事。
(2)比較級在以下幾種句式中均表示最高級含義。
比較級+than+any other+單數名詞
比較級+than+all the other+復數名詞
比較級+than+anyone else
比較級+than+any of the other+復數名詞
比較級+than+the rest of+復數名詞或不可數名詞
例如:朱莉婭是她班上最高的女生。(一句多譯)
①Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.
②Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class.
③Julia is taller than any of the other girls in her class.
④Julia is taller than the rest of girls in her class.
⑤Julia is the tallest girl in her class.
四、倍數表達法
1.A is+倍數+比較級+than+B
2.A is+倍數+as+原級+as+B
3.A is+倍數+the+名詞(size,length,height等)+of+B
4.the+名詞(size,length,height等)+of A is+倍數+that+of+B
5.A
is+倍數+what引導的名詞性從句
長江是珠江的三倍長。(一句多譯)
①The Yangtze River is twice longer than the Pearl River.
②The Yangtze River is three times as long as the Pearl River.
③The Yangtze River is three times the length of the Pearl River.
④The length of the Yangtze River is three times that of the Pearl River.
五、形容詞作定語時的位置
1.通常置于所修飾的詞之前,但不定代詞的定語通常在后面。如:
Someone strange is asking to see you.
Something unexpected happened and we had to make some changes to our plan.
2.else常放在不定代詞和疑問代詞后面作定語。如:
No one else can answer the question.
3.多個形容詞作定語時的詞序為:大小、長短、高低形狀/年齡、新舊顏色/來源、國籍、地區、出處/材料/用途。如:
an expensive Japanese sports car, those three beautiful large square old brown wood table.
【高頻考點突破】
考點一、 考查形容詞短語辨析
例1.【2024·浙江】Listening is thus an active, not a
, behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.
A. considerate
B. sensitive
C. reliable
D. passive
【答案】D
【解析】句意:因此聽是一種主動的,而不是被動的行為。它包含聽,理解和記憶。A. considerate意為考慮周全的, B. sensitive意為敏感的,C. reliable意為可靠的,D. passive意為被動的。根據not可以知道前后是反義表達,所以選D。此題的關鍵是有一個not這是表示否定的,這表明跟前面的active是反義的關系,根據4個選項的意思不能得出答案是 D. passive被動的。
【變式探究】(2024安徽卷)My good performance in the job interview left me
about my future and about what I can do here.
A. puzzled
B. sensitive
C. optimistic
D. embarrassed
【答案】C
考點二、考查副詞辨析
例2. 【2024·安徽】31.They gave money to the old people's home either ______ or through their companies.
A. legally
B. sincerely
C. personally
D. deliberately
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他們給那位老人的家里送錢,有的是一個人的名義,有的則是通過他們的公司。A合法地;B真誠地;C親自,當面地,個人而言;D故意地。故選C。
【變式探究】(2024安徽卷)It's our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and,
,supply more jobs.
A. however
B. anywhere
C. therefore
D. otherwise
【答案】C 【解析】副詞however然而;anywhere無論何處;therefore因此;otherwise否則,要不然;另外一方面;句義:在市場上起著更重要的作用是我們的希望,因此通過更多的工作。我們要想在市場上起著更重要的作用是通過提供更多的工作實現的。上下文之間是因果關系。故C正確。
考點三、考查形容詞比較級
例3、【2024·四川】7.Andy is content with the toy. It is
he has ever got.
A. a better
B. the better
C. a best
D. the best
【答案】D
【解析】考查最高級和比較級。根據上一句話可知,Andy對這個玩具很滿意,故選擇D,意為:這是他曾得到的最好的玩具。
【變式探究】(2024·天津卷)I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time—there are________
meaningful things to do.
A. less
B.more
C. the least
D.
the
most
解析:B。前面說看電視浪費時間,后面說還有比這更有意義的事要做,需用比較級。句意:我認為每天晚上看電視是在浪費時間——還有更多有意義的事情要做。
考點四、考查形容詞修飾名詞的詞序
例4. It's said that________ scientist is going to give us a lecture.
A. an American famous young
B.a famous American young
C.a famous young American
D.a young famous American
解析:C。多個形容詞修飾名詞時的詞序:限定描繪大長高→形狀年齡和新老→顏色國籍跟材料→作用類別往后靠。famous是描繪性形容詞,應放在最前面,American指的是國籍,放在young之后。
考點五、考查倍數的用法
例5. The new bridge is ________the one built last year.
A.three times as wider as
B.three times the width of
C.three times the width
D.as three times as
【經典考題精析】
1.(2024·江蘇,31)The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and
(comprehension)review of the case.
解析 句意:警方決定對該案件進行徹底和全面的審查。作名詞review的定語要用其形容詞形式。comprehensive 綜合的,廣泛的。
答案 comprehensive
2.(2024·浙江,14)Listening is thus an active, not a
(passively), behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.
解析 句意:聽是一種積極的,而不是消極的行為,它涉及聽、理解和記憶。與前面的形容詞active對應,也要用形容詞形式,一起作名詞behavior的定語。passive被動的,消極的。
答案 passive
3.(2024·湖北,27)Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be
(punctually).
解析 句意:盡管會議大廳距他的公寓很近,想準時趕到,他必須快一點。作系動詞be的表語要用形容詞形式。punctual準時的。
答案 punctual
4.(2024·湖北,28)I don't think what he said is
(relevance)to the topic we are discussing.He has missed the point.
解析 句意:我認為他說的與我們正在討論的主題無關。他跑題了。作系動詞is的表語要用形容詞形式。relevant有關的;貼切的。
答案 relevant
5.(2024·四川,7)Andy is content with the toy.It is the
(good)he has ever got.
解析 考查最高級和比較級。句意:Andy對這個玩具很滿意,這是他曾得到的最好的玩具。根據句意應用最高級。
答案 best
6.(2024·四川,9)Little Tom sat
(amaze)watching the monkey dancing in
front of him.
答案 amazed
7.(2024·安徽,26)I'm so
(gratitude)to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.
解析 句意:我非常感激所有的志愿者,因為他們幫我把糟糕的一天變成了愉快的一天。be動詞后跟形容詞,be grateful to sb感激某人。
答案 grateful
8.(2024·福建,23)It was
(consider)of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
解析 句意:為了避免我們擔心,米切爾告知我們他耽擱了,他想得很周到。be動詞后用形容詞,considerate體貼的;考慮周到的。
答案 considerate
9.(2024·浙江,13)Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was
(former)alive.
解析 句意:如果我們知道一點食物來源的話,我們中的大多數人就會明白我們嘴里的每一口食物從前都是活著的。此處作時間狀語,故要用副詞形式。formerly以前,從前。
答案 formerly
10.(2024·湖北,29)The girl used to be shy, but is
(gradual)getting active in
group work and is more willing to express herself.
解析 句意:女孩一度很害羞,但是逐漸地她在分組工作表現得積極主動,變得更愿意表達自己了。在句中作狀語修飾動詞短語get active要用副詞形式。gradually逐漸地,逐步地。
答案 gradually
11.(2024·安徽,31)They gave money to the old people's home either
(personal)or through their companies.
解析 句意:他們給那位老人的家里送錢,有的是從個人的名義,有的則是通過他們的公司。修飾動詞的應為personally。
答案 personally
1.(2024浙江卷 )4. Joe is proud and ______, never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame.
A. strict