必修3 Unit 4（1）

　　Unit 4　Astronomy：the science of the stars　

　　1．a(chǎn)stronomy(n.)天文學(xué)

　　2．system(n.)系統(tǒng)；體系；制度

　　3．theory(n.)學(xué)說(shuō)；理論

　　4．a(chǎn)tmosphere(n.)大氣層；氣氛

　　5．fundamental(adj.)基本的；基礎(chǔ)的

　　6．thus(adv.)因此；于是

　　7．puzzle(vt.& vi.)(使)迷惑；(使)為難

　　　(n.)謎；難題

　　8．gentle(adj.)溫和的；文雅的

　　9．crash(vi.& vt.)碰撞；墜落

　　10．pull(n.& vt.)拉(力)；拖；牽引力

　　11．float(vi.& vt.)(使)浮動(dòng)；(使)漂浮

　　(n.)漂浮物

　　12．violent(adj.)猛烈的；激烈的；強(qiáng)暴的→violence(n.)暴力→violently(adv.)暴力地；猛烈地

　　13．unlike(prep.)不同；不像→like(vt.)喜歡；(prep.)相像的→likely(adj.)可能的

　　14．harmful(adj.)有害的→harm(n.& v．)傷害→harmless (adj.)無(wú)害的

　　15．exist(vi.)存在；生存→existence (n.)存在；生存

　　1．prevent...from...　阻止……

　　2．lay_eggs下蛋

　　3．in_one’s_turn輪到某人；接著

　　4．get_the_hang_of熟悉；掌握；理解

　　5．watch_out密切注視；當(dāng)心；提防

　　6．depend_on依靠

　　7．in_time及時(shí)，終于

　　8．give_birth_to產(chǎn)生；分娩

　　9．cheer_up感到高興；感到振奮

　　10．now_that既然

　　11．break_out突發(fā)；爆發(fā)

　　1．What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down，water began to appear on its surface.

　　更為重要的是，當(dāng)?shù)厍蚶鋮s下來(lái)時(shí)水開(kāi)始在地球表面出現(xiàn)了。

　　名師指津：what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。

　　例句仿寫(xiě)：她告訴我，那個(gè)時(shí)候她需要的就是一些好運(yùn)氣。

　　What_was_needed at that time，she told me，was some good luck.

　　2．The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.

　　地球變得如此激烈動(dòng)蕩以至于不知道這個(gè)固體形狀是否會(huì)繼續(xù)存在下去。

　　名師指津：whether...or not是否……

　　例句仿寫(xiě)：他們是否能夠通過(guò)交流達(dá)成協(xié)議還不清楚。

　　It’s not clear whether they are able to arrive at an agreement through communication or_not.

　　3．But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.

　　而當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時(shí)候，我發(fā)覺(jué)我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。

　　名師指津：“twice as＋形容詞原級(jí)＋as”是倍數(shù)表達(dá)法之一。

　　例句仿寫(xiě)：仔細(xì)研究地圖后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)村莊是那個(gè)村莊的兩倍大。

　　I find this village is twice_as_large_as that one after studying the map carefully.

　　4．This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.

　　這就產(chǎn)生了一系列的反應(yīng)，使得生命就有可能開(kāi)始發(fā)展了。

　　名師指津：句中的it是形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是不定式短語(yǔ)to develop。

　　例句仿寫(xiě)：這兩個(gè)女孩長(zhǎng)得很像，陌生人很難把她們區(qū)分開(kāi)。

　　The two girls are so alike that strangers find_it_difficult_to_tell one from the other.

　　5．“Oh，dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”

　　“天哪，”我大聲說(shuō)。“重力改變了，看來(lái)走路也的確需要練一練了。”

　　名師指津：now that“由于；既然”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)that可以省略。

　　例句仿寫(xiě)：你既然得到了一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，不妨充分利用它。

　　Now_that_you’ve_got_a_chance，you might as well make full use of it.

　　exist vi.存在，生存

　　教材原句P26：They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.

　　它們也生蛋，在地球上生存了一億四千多萬(wàn)年。

　　(1)

　　(2)

　　(牛津P697)They can’t exist_on_the money he’s earning.

　　他們靠他掙的那點(diǎn)錢(qián)無(wú)法維持生活。

　　There exists a good way to solve the existing problem in geography.有一個(gè)解決現(xiàn)存地理問(wèn)題的好辦法。

　　As is known to us，China came_into_existence as an independent country in 1949.

　　眾所周知，在1949年中國(guó)以一個(gè)獨(dú)立的國(guó)家存在了。

　　harmful adj.有害的

　　(牛津P803)Experts point out that fruit juices can be harmful to children’s teeth.專(zhuān)家指出果汁可能損害兒童的牙齒。

　　(1)be harmful to sb./sth.對(duì)某人/某物有害

　　(2) 對(duì)某人有害

　　(3)There is no harm in doing sth./It does no harm to do sth.

　　做某事是個(gè)好主意(或沒(méi)有壞處)

　　Air pollution will get worse and this will be_harmful to people，for example，it can cause cancer.空氣污染會(huì)加劇，而且這會(huì)對(duì)人們?cè)斐晌：Γ纾梢砸l(fā)癌癥。

　　(2024·陜西卷信息匹配)Pets are amusing and entertaining，but we are in a way doing animals harm by making them live in a human environment.寵物好玩有趣，但我們從某種程度上讓他們生活在人的環(huán)境是在傷害他們。

　　As far as I’m concerned，there_is_no_harm in making an apology to him first.就我個(gè)人而言，先向他道歉沒(méi)有什么壞處。

　　puzzle vt.使迷惑；使為難；使窘困；感到迷惑；n.(游戲的)猜謎；難題；謎

　　(2024·江西閱讀理解)But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him.但是他難以抑制自己的好奇心，并且這臺(tái)新電腦確實(shí)讓他很迷惑。

　　(1)puzzle sb.使某人為難

　　be puzzled by被……迷惑

　　puzzle about/over sth.苦苦思索；仔細(xì)琢磨

　　(2)be in a puzzle about sth.對(duì)某事迷惑不解

　　(3)puzzling adj.令人困惑的

　　puzzled adj.感到困惑的

　　It_puzzles_scientists how these creatures can survive in such severe conditions.這些生物是如何在這樣艱難的條件下存活的，這使科學(xué)家很疑惑。

　　The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened.警察仍然正在苦思這起事故是怎么發(fā)生的。

　　Her puzzled look on her face suggested she didn’t understand what I said.她臉上迷惑的表情表明她不明白我說(shuō)的話(huà)。

　　pull n．& vt.拉(力)；拖；牽引力

　　(牛津P1604)The police car signalled to us to pull in.

　　警車(chē)發(fā)出信號(hào)，要我們駛向路邊停靠。

　　pull down拆毀；摧毀

　　pull in(車(chē)輛)進(jìn)站停靠；靠邊停靠

　　pull out駛出；退出

　　pull through康復(fù)；痊愈

　　No matter how much you feel the pull of the past，make a determined effort to look to the future.

　　不管對(duì)過(guò)去有多么留戀，你也要下定決心往前看。

　　They are pulling_down those houses to make room for a new hotel.為了給新旅館騰地，他們正在拆除那些房屋。

　　Ⅰ.用括號(hào)內(nèi)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

　　1．Everyone was a bit________(puzzle) by her sudden departure.

　　答案：　puzzled

　　2．I consider that it is________(harm) for students to play computer games，though some of them don’t think so.

　　答案：　harmful

　　3．Some believe in the________(exist) of life on Mars，while others consider it as a myth.

　　答案：　existence

　　4．It’s________(like) him to be late；he’s usually on time.

　　答案：　unlike

　　5．I could feel the wind________(gentle) blowing through my hair，it was a warm summer breeze.

　　答案：　gently

　　6．Not all people are aware of the various effects of________(globe) warming on Earth.

　　答案：　global

　　.單項(xiàng)填空1．(2024·吉林長(zhǎng)春高中畢業(yè)班調(diào)研)When the policeman stopped us，we all looked questioningly at him，________.

　　A．nervously and puzzled

　　B．nervous and puzzling

　　C．nervous and puzzled

　　D．nervously and puzzling

　　解析：　此處為形容詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，所以選C項(xiàng)。

　　答案：　C

　　2．(2024·成都部分高中高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè))His injuries are extremely serious，but he’s expected to________.

　　A．pull in B．pull through

　　C．pull up D．pull over

　　解析：　考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。語(yǔ)意：他的傷很?chē)?yán)重，但有望恢復(fù)。pull in駛向路邊停下，進(jìn)站；pull through恢復(fù)健康；pull up停下；pull over停靠在路邊。

　　答案：　B

　　3．(2024·淄博模擬)________a certain doubt among the workers as to the necessity of the work.

　　A．It existed B．There existed

　　C．There had D．It had

　　解析：　句意為：對(duì)于做這份工作的必要性，工人們存在一定的疑惑。There exists/existed...有；存在；相當(dāng)于There be...結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　答案：　B

　　4．Doctors always tell us that drinking too much________our health，but some people don’t care.

　　A．is harm to B．does harmful to

　　C．is harmful to D．do harm to

　　解析：　句意為：醫(yī)生總是告訴我們飲酒太多有害健康，但有些人卻不在意。be harmful to sb.＝do harm to sb.對(duì)某人有害。D項(xiàng)應(yīng)用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。

　　答案：　C

　　in time及時(shí)；終于；總有一天

　　(2024·江蘇卷)—Thank God you’re safe!——謝天謝地，你安全了！

　　—I stepped back，just in time to avoid the racing car.

　　——我向后退了一步，正好及時(shí)避過(guò)了賽車(chē)。

　　in no time立刻；馬上at no time絕不

　　at a time每次；一次at one time曾經(jīng)，一度

　　from time to time有時(shí)；偶爾at times有時(shí)

　　take one’s time別著急；慢慢來(lái)kill time消磨時(shí)間

　　①You’ll succeed in_time because you are always working hard.

　　你遲早會(huì)成功的，因?yàn)槟阋恢痹谂ぷ鳌?/p>

　　②At one time，half the land on the earth’s surface was covered by forest.曾經(jīng)，地球表面有一半的土地被森林所覆蓋。

　　③At no time will smoking be permitted here.

　　這里絕不允許吸煙。

　　in one’s turn輪到某人；接著

　　(重慶卷完形填空)More importantly，I found it was my turn to start looking out for my father.

　　更為重要的是，我覺(jué)得該是我開(kāi)始照顧父親的時(shí)候了。

　　in turn依次；輪流；反之；反過(guò)來(lái)

　　by turns輪流；交替地

　　take turns to do sth.輪流做某事

　　It is one’s turn to do sth.輪到某人做某事

　　It turns/turned out that...結(jié)果……

　　①When it is in my turn，I am too excited to speak.

　　當(dāng)輪到我時(shí)，我激動(dòng)得都說(shuō)不出話(huà)來(lái)了。

　　②You can’t all do it together；you’ll have to take_turns.

　　你們不能全體一齊上；你們得輪流做。

　　③Theory is based on practice and in_turn serves practice.

　　理論的基礎(chǔ)是實(shí)踐，反過(guò)來(lái)理論又為實(shí)踐服務(wù)。

　　cheer up(使)高興；使振奮；感到振奮

　　教材原句P31：I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.

　　我立刻高興起來(lái)，由于失重我在太空艙里飄來(lái)飄去，我望著(身后的)地球越來(lái)越小，而(前方的)月亮越來(lái)越大。

　　(1)

　　(2)cheerful adj.快樂(lè)的，高興的

　　(3)Cheers！(用于祝酒)干杯！

　　I do hope she can cheer_up and accept the challenge of life bravely！我真心希望她能振作起來(lái)，勇敢地接受生活的挑戰(zhàn)！

　　They gathered round the swimming pool and cheered her on.

　　他們聚集在游泳池邊為她加油。

　　Ⅰ.完成句子

　　1．Will you be home______________________(及時(shí)看看孩子) before they go to bed?

　　答案：　in time to see the children

　　2．You’ve made me suffer in the past，so now you，______________________(輪到你了)，suffer again!

　　答案：　in your turn

　　3．The other day my pet cat______________________(分娩) a new little cat.

　　答案：　gave birth to

　　4．She bought a heavy curtain to______________________(阻擋光線(xiàn))．

　　答案：　block out the light

　　5．Hans finally ______________________(熟悉他的工作) after three months of training.

　　答案：　got the hang of his job

　　6．Once he has made up his mind，no one can______________________(阻止他執(zhí)行) the plan.

　　答案：　prevent him from carrying out

　　7．—Mary looks a little unhappy today.

　　—Yes.We must do something ______________________(使她振作起來(lái))．

　　答案：　to cheer her up

　　.單項(xiàng)填空

　　1．(天津高考)—I’m thinking of the test tomorrow.I’m afraid I can’t

　　pass this time.

　　—________！I’m sure you’ll make it.

　　A．Go ahead B．Good luck

　　C．No problem D．Cheer up

　　解析：　句意為：——我正在考慮明天考試的問(wèn)題，恐怕這次我會(huì)不及格。——振作起來(lái)！我相信你會(huì)通過(guò)的。根據(jù)上下文只有Cheer up“振作起來(lái)”符合題意，而Go ahead繼續(xù)，Good luck好運(yùn)氣，No problem沒(méi)問(wèn)題，均不符合題意。

　　答案：　D

　　2．—You are always sitting there watching TV.________，let’s go out for a walk，shall we?

　　—OK，but just a moment.The football game is just over.

　　A．Take your time B．Cheer up

　　C．Take it easy D．Come on

　　解析：　考查交際用語(yǔ)。上句意為：你總是坐在那里看電視。走吧，咱們出去散散步，好嗎？come on在此表示責(zé)備或不耐煩，意為“來(lái)吧，得啦，走吧”。take your time 不著急；cheer up高興點(diǎn)；take it easy別緊張。

　　答案：　D

　　3．(2024·四級(jí)英語(yǔ))Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits，which________increase the risk of heart disease.

　　A．in turn B．in return

　　C．by chance D．by turns

　　解析：　句意為：緊張的環(huán)境會(huì)導(dǎo)致諸如不良的飲食習(xí)慣等不健康行為，而后者又會(huì)增加患心臟病的危險(xiǎn)。in turn轉(zhuǎn)而，依次，而又；in return作為報(bào)答；by turns輪流地，依次。

　　答案：　A

　　4．We agreed that both sides must work to strengthen greater trust and confidence，which，________，will bring more cooperation.

　　A．in time B．in turn

　　C．in return D．in total

　　解析：　考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意為：我們達(dá)成協(xié)議，雙方必須努力增強(qiáng)更大的信任和信心，這反過(guò)來(lái)必將帶來(lái)更多的合作。in time及時(shí)；終于；in turn轉(zhuǎn)而； in return作為回報(bào)；in total總計(jì)。只有B符合句意。