第九節　名詞性從句

　　考點一

　　名詞性從句連接詞的用法

　　1．連接詞that在從句中沒有任何含義，只起連接作用，不作任何成分。

　　That he will come to the meeting made us excited.

　　他要來參加會議使我們大家很興奮。

　　2．連接詞whether，if意為“是否”，只起連接作用，不作任何成分。若在兩者之間二選一，應選擇whether。

　　Whether we will go there tomorrow depends on the weather.我們明天是否去那里取決于天氣。

　　3．連接代詞who，whom，whose，what，which，who(m)ever，whatever，whichever既起連接作用，同時又在從句中充當主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分。

　　She didn't know what life in a foreign country would be like.她不知道外國的生活會是什么樣。

　　Whoever breaks the rule should be punished.

　　不論誰違反了規則都要受到懲罰。

　　4．連接副詞when，where，why，how既起連接作用，同時又在從句中作狀語。

　　She has decided how she should settle the matter.

　　她已做出決定如何來解決這件事。

　　[名師點津]　“疑問詞＋-ever”與“no matter＋疑問詞”雖然都有“無論……”的意思，但是用法有區別：“疑問詞＋-ever”既可以引導名詞性從句也可引導狀語從句，而“no matter＋疑問詞”只能用來引導狀語從句。

　　The book can be of great help to whoever wants to do the job.

　　那本書對于想要做這份工作的人很有幫助。

　　Whatever/No matter what you say，I will not believe you.

　　無論你說什么，我都不相信。

　　考點二

　　主語從句

　　1．that引導的從句作主語時，常用it作形式主語，常見句式有：

　　(1)It＋系動詞＋形容詞(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/

　　wrong/ important/certain等)＋that從句。

　　It is surprising that she is (should be) so angry.

　　她那么生氣，令人驚訝。

　　(2)It＋be＋名詞(短語)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that從句。

　　It is a pity that you cannot come to our party.

　　你不能來參加我們的聚會真是遺憾。

　　(3)It＋be＋過去分詞(said/told/reported/decided等)＋that從句。

　　It is reported that many people are homeless after floods.據報道洪水過后很多人無家可歸。

　　(4)It＋＋that從句。

　　It seems reasonable that young people are more interested in pop music.年輕人對流行音樂更感興趣，這好像是合情合理的。

　　2．其他連接詞引導主語從句時也可用it作形式主語。

　　If a person does his best，it doesn't matter what people think of him.如果一個人盡了他最大的努力，那么人們如何評價他并沒關系。

　　考點三

　　賓語從句

　　1．動詞find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有賓語補足語時，需要用it作形式賓語而將賓語從句后置。

　　Many students in this school make it a rule to come to the evening classes.

　　這個學校的很多學生都把上晚自習當成一種規定。

　　2．有些動詞帶賓語從句時習慣上需要在賓語從句前加it，這類動詞有：hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，appreciate等。

　　I would appreciate it if you could send me a reply at your earliest convenience.

　　如果您能夠盡早給我回信的話，我將不勝感激。

　　3．一些由“動詞＋介詞”構成的短語動詞如depend on，see to等可跟that引導的賓語從句，必須用it作形式賓語。

　　Yon may depend on it that they will support you.

　　你相信好了，他們會支持你的。

　　Will you see to it

　　that you will take good care of my car while using it?

　　你能確保在使用我的車的時候把它保養好嗎？

　　[名師點津]　當主句的主語是第一人稱單數時，think，believe，suppose，expect等動詞引導的賓語從句中的否定詞要轉移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定式，從句的謂語動詞用肯定式，這一現象稱為否定轉移。

　　I don't think that your suggestion will work.

　　我認為你的建議行不通。

　　考點四

　　表語從句

　　1．表語從句還可由as if，as though，because等詞引導。

　　It looks as if we shall stay the night here after all.

　　看來我們不得不在這里過夜了。

　　The patient looked as if he had been ill for a long time.

　　看上去，病人似乎已經病了很長時間。

　　2．當主句的主語是reason時，表語從句要用that而不用because引導，常用句型The reason why...is that...

　　The reason why he is absent from school is that he is sick.他沒來上學的理由是他生病了。

　　考點五

　　同位語從句

　　同位語從句常放在fact，news，word(消息)，idea，truth，doubt，belief，thought，problem等詞的后面，對前面的名詞做進一步解釋，說明前面名詞的具體含義。引導詞常用that，也可用其他連接詞引導。需注意的是，同位語從句有時不直接跟著它所說明的某個名詞后，而是被別的詞隔開。

　　Then arose the question how we were to collect the money.

　　然后我們如何籌錢這個問題就產生了。

　　The rumor that they would get married spread at once.他們要結婚的謠言馬上傳了開來。

　　[名師點津]　同位語從句與定語從句的區別：

　　同位語從句是對前面的名詞做進一步解釋，引導詞只起引導作用，不可省略；定語從句是對前面的名詞進行修飾、限制，引導詞(即關系代詞/關系副詞)在句子中作一定的成分。

　　The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們贏得了比賽，這一消息很快傳遍了整個校園。(同位語從句)

　　The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing.你昨天告訴我的那個消息真令人失望。(定語從句)

　　[本節小結]

　　名詞性從句在歷年的高考題中都有所涉及，并且近幾年的高考試題更側重在具體語境中考查有關其語序或連接詞的選擇、主從復合句時態的呼應等方面的內容。that和what 引導的名詞性從句的區別、定語從句和名詞性從句特別是和同位語從句的區別仍是高考考查的熱點。因此考生除牢固掌握相關的基礎知識外，還要加強對從句語法特征的思考，形成良好的英語思維能力和判斷能力。

　　針對訓練

　　.用適當的連接詞填空

　　1．(2024·北京高考)The best moment for the football star was ________ he scored the winning goal.

　　【答案】　when

　　2．(2024·北京高考)Some people believe ________has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.

　　【答案】　whatever

　　3．(2024·大綱全國卷)Exactly ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was probably around 1565.

　　【答案】　when

　　4．(2024·福建高考)Pick yourself up.Courage is doing

　　________

　　you're afraid to do.

　　【答案】　what

　　5．(2024·湖南高考)As John Lennon once said，life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.

　　【答案】　what

　　6．(2024·江蘇高考)—What a mess! You are always so lazy!

　　—I'm not to blame，Mum.I am________

　　you have made me.

　　【答案】　what

　　7．(2024·山東高考)It is difficult for us to imagine________ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.

　　【答案】　what

　　8．(2024·陜西高考)________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.

　　【答案】　When

　　9．(2024·四川高考)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“That's ________ I was born.”

　　【答案】　where

　　10．(2024·天津高考)I think ________ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.

　　【答案】　what

　　.語篇填空

　　用適當的連接詞完成下列短文

　　I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing that happened in my restaurant today.

　　This afternoon a poorly-dressed gentleman came into my restaurant.Nobody knew 1.________ he was.We wondered 2.________ he was so hungry.We were surprised 3.________ he finished two orders of food in a very limited time.We doubted 4.________ the man was able to pay the bill.The gentleman asked 5.________ we would mind waiting for just a few minutes.Then we were shocked to see 6.________ he took out of a letter and a million pound bank note.

　　I asked Mr.Clements 7.________ it was genuine.Mr.Clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year.He thought 8.________ the gentleman showed them couldn't be a fake.

　　9．________ a gentleman with a million pound bank note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there.I really couldn't describe 10.________ excited I was.

　　【答案】　1.who　2.why　3.that　4.whether/if

　　5．whether/if　6.that　7.whether/if　8.what　9.Why　10.how

　　綜合演練

　　語法填空

　　用適當的連接詞完成下列短文

　　Three years had passed and things were even worse than before.One can hardly imagine 1.________ the poor people suffered.Most of the workers lost their jobs and in order to provide for their families they sold 2.________ they had in their houses.They could neither get food nor clothing.Many of them fell ill and died.

　　Then they began to understand 3.________ the factory owners were their enemies.But they believed 4.________ if the government knew 5.________ hard their conditions were，they would give them some help.In a meeting they decided 6.________ they should send some of their men to London to tell the government of the truth.Jackson was chosen to be one of them to go to the capital.He felt proud 7.________ he could do something for his friends.

　　A few days later，when Jackson came back from London and was asked to tell about 8.________ had happened there，he replied in a low voice，“I will never forget 9.________ we workers were treated there.I will never forgive those who refused to hear us.Friends，let us do 10.________ we can to struggle against the capitalists and the government which/that supports them.”

　　【答案】　1.how　2.what　3.that　4.that　5.how

　　6．that　7.that　8.what　9.how　10.what

　　第九節　名詞性從句

　　考點一

　　名詞性從句連接詞的用法

　　1．連接詞that在從句中沒有任何含義，只起連接作用，不作任何成分。

　　That he will come to the meeting made us excited.

　　他要來參加會議使我們大家很興奮。

　　2．連接詞whether，if意為“是否”，只起連接作用，不作任何成分。若在兩者之間二選一，應選擇whether。

　　Whether we will go there tomorrow depends on the weather.我們明天是否去那里取決于天氣。

　　3．連接代詞who，whom，whose，what，which，who(m)ever，whatever，whichever既起連接作用，同時又在從句中充當主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分。

　　She didn't know what life in a foreign country would be like.她不知道外國的生活會是什么樣。

　　Whoever breaks the rule should be punished.

　　不論誰違反了規則都要受到懲罰。

　　4．連接副詞when，where，why，how既起連接作用，同時又在從句中作狀語。

　　She has decided how she should settle the matter.

　　她已做出決定如何來解決這件事。

　　[名師點津]　“疑問詞＋-ever”與“no matter＋疑問詞”雖然都有“無論……”的意思，但是用法有區別：“疑問詞＋-ever”既可以引導名詞性從句也可引導狀語從句，而“no matter＋疑問詞”只能用來引導狀語從句。

　　The book can be of great help to whoever wants to do the job.

　　那本書對于想要做這份工作的人很有幫助。

　　Whatever/No matter what you say，I will not believe you.

　　無論你說什么，我都不相信。

　　考點二

　　主語從句

　　1．that引導的從句作主語時，常用it作形式主語，常見句式有：

　　(1)It＋系動詞＋形容詞(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/

　　wrong/ important/certain等)＋that從句。

　　It is surprising that she is (should be) so angry.

　　她那么生氣，令人驚訝。

　　(2)It＋be＋名詞(短語)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that從句。

　　It is a pity that you cannot come to our party.

　　你不能來參加我們的聚會真是遺憾。

　　(3)It＋be＋過去分詞(said/told/reported/decided等)＋that從句。

　　It is reported that many people are homeless after floods.據報道洪水過后很多人無家可歸。

　　(4)It＋＋that從句。

　　It seems reasonable that young people are more interested in pop music.年輕人對流行音樂更感興趣，這好像是合情合理的。

　　2．其他連接詞引導主語從句時也可用it作形式主語。

　　If a person does his best，it doesn't matter what people think of him.如果一個人盡了他最大的努力，那么人們如何評價他并沒關系。

　　考點三

　　賓語從句

　　1．動詞find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有賓語補足語時，需要用it作形式賓語而將賓語從句后置。

　　Many students in this school make it a rule to come to the evening classes.

　　這個學校的很多學生都把上晚自習當成一種規定。

　　2．有些動詞帶賓語從句時習慣上需要在賓語從句前加it，這類動詞有：hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，appreciate等。

　　I would appreciate it if you could send me a reply at your earliest convenience.

　　如果您能夠盡早給我回信的話，我將不勝感激。

　　3．一些由“動詞＋介詞”構成的短語動詞如depend on，see to等可跟that引導的賓語從句，必須用it作形式賓語。

　　Yon may depend on it that they will support you.

　　你相信好了，他們會支持你的。

　　Will you see to it

　　that you will take good care of my car while using it?

　　你能確保在使用我的車的時候把它保養好嗎？

　　[名師點津]　當主句的主語是第一人稱單數時，think，believe，suppose，expect等動詞引導的賓語從句中的否定詞要轉移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定式，從句的謂語動詞用肯定式，這一現象稱為否定轉移。

　　I don't think that your suggestion will work.

　　我認為你的建議行不通。

　　考點四

　　表語從句

　　1．表語從句還可由as if，as though，because等詞引導。

　　It looks as if we shall stay the night here after all.

　　看來我們不得不在這里過夜了。

　　The patient looked as if he had been ill for a long time.

　　看上去，病人似乎已經病了很長時間。

　　2．當主句的主語是reason時，表語從句要用that而不用because引導，常用句型The reason why...is that...

　　The reason why he is absent from school is that he is sick.他沒來上學的理由是他生病了。

　　考點五

　　同位語從句

　　同位語從句常放在fact，news，word(消息)，idea，truth，doubt，belief，thought，problem等詞的后面，對前面的名詞做進一步解釋，說明前面名詞的具體含義。引導詞常用that，也可用其他連接詞引導。需注意的是，同位語從句有時不直接跟著它所說明的某個名詞后，而是被別的詞隔開。

　　Then arose the question how we were to collect the money.

　　然后我們如何籌錢這個問題就產生了。

　　The rumor that they would get married spread at once.他們要結婚的謠言馬上傳了開來。

　　[名師點津]　同位語從句與定語從句的區別：

　　同位語從句是對前面的名詞做進一步解釋，引導詞只起引導作用，不可省略；定語從句是對前面的名詞進行修飾、限制，引導詞(即關系代詞/關系副詞)在句子中作一定的成分。

　　The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們贏得了比賽，這一消息很快傳遍了整個校園。(同位語從句)

　　The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing.你昨天告訴我的那個消息真令人失望。(定語從句)

　　[本節小結]

　　名詞性從句在歷年的高考題中都有所涉及，并且近幾年的高考試題更側重在具體語境中考查有關其語序或連接詞的選擇、主從復合句時態的呼應等方面的內容。that和what 引導的名詞性從句的區別、定語從句和名詞性從句特別是和同位語從句的區別仍是高考考查的熱點。因此考生除牢固掌握相關的基礎知識外，還要加強對從句語法特征的思考，形成良好的英語思維能力和判斷能力。

　　針對訓練

　　.用適當的連接詞填空

　　1．(2024·北京高考)The best moment for the football star was ________ he scored the winning goal.

　　【答案】　when

　　2．(2024·北京高考)Some people believe ________has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.

　　【答案】　whatever

　　3．(2024·大綱全國卷)Exactly ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was probably around 1565.

　　【答案】　when

　　4．(2024·福建高考)Pick yourself up.Courage is doing

　　________

　　you're afraid to do.

　　【答案】　what

　　5．(2024·湖南高考)As John Lennon once said，life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.

　　【答案】　what

　　6．(2024·江蘇高考)—What a mess! You are always so lazy!

　　—I'm not to blame，Mum.I am________

　　you have made me.

　　【答案】　what

　　7．(2024·山東高考)It is difficult for us to imagine________ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.

　　【答案】　what

　　8．(2024·陜西高考)________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.

　　【答案】　When

　　9．(2024·四川高考)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“That's ________ I was born.”

　　【答案】　where

　　10．(2024·天津高考)I think ________ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.

　　【答案】　what

　　.語篇填空

　　用適當的連接詞完成下列短文

　　I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing that happened in my restaurant today.

　　This afternoon a poorly-dressed gentleman came into my restaurant.Nobody knew 1.________ he was.We wondered 2.________ he was so hungry.We were surprised 3.________ he finished two orders of food in a very limited time.We doubted 4.________ the man was able to pay the bill.The gentleman asked 5.________ we would mind waiting for just a few minutes.Then we were shocked to see 6.________ he took out of a letter and a million pound bank note.

　　I asked Mr.Clements 7.________ it was genuine.Mr.Clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year.He thought 8.________ the gentleman showed them couldn't be a fake.

　　9．________ a gentleman with a million pound bank note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there.I really couldn't describe 10.________ excited I was.

　　【答案】　1.who　2.why　3.that　4.whether/if

　　5．whether/if　6.that　7.whether/if　8.what　9.Why　10.how

　　綜合演練

　　語法填空

　　用適當的連接詞完成下列短文

　　Three years had passed and things were even worse than before.One can hardly imagine 1.________ the poor people suffered.Most of the workers lost their jobs and in order to provide for their families they sold 2.________ they had in their houses.They could neither get food nor clothing.Many of them fell ill and died.

　　Then they began to understand 3.________ the factory owners were their enemies.But they believed 4.________ if the government knew 5.________ hard their conditions were，they would give them some help.In a meeting they decided 6.________ they should send some of their men to London to tell the government of the truth.Jackson was chosen to be one of them to go to the capital.He felt proud 7.________ he could do something for his friends.

　　A few days later，when Jackson came back from London and was asked to tell about 8.________ had happened there，he replied in a low voice，“I will never forget 9.________ we workers were treated there.I will never forgive those who refused to hear us.Friends，let us do 10.________ we can to struggle against the capitalists and the government which/that supports them.”

　　【答案】　1.how　2.what　3.that　4.that　5.how

　　6．that　7.that　8.what　9.how　10.what