2024屆高考英語一輪語法專題復習課件:6 情態動詞(新人教版)
走向高考 · 高考總復習 · 人教版 · 英語
第二部分
語法專題復習 路漫漫其修遠兮 吾將上下而求索 走向高考 · 英語 人教版 · 高考總復習 語法專題復習 第二部分 專題六 情態動詞 第二部分 知 識 清 單 2 考 點 警 示 3 考 點 透 析 1 考 點 透 析
情態動詞在最近幾年的高考語法填空中還沒有直接考查過,但這并不意味著今后也不會考。另外,熟練掌握情態動詞的用法,對準確理解語法填空、完形填空、閱讀理解、聽力理解中含有情態動詞的句子是很有益處的,并且在寫作中也可能會用到情態動詞。因此,我們應當學好情態動詞,尤其要掌握好常用情態動詞的用法。 知 識 清 單 一、9大情態動詞的基本用法 情態動詞 主要用法 典句例示 can/could 表示能力 He can play table tennis quite well. 表示理論上的可能性,“有時候會;可能會” Even an experienced teacher can make mistakes. 表示請求和允許 表示請求,口語中常用could代替can ①You can have my seat.I'm going now. ②Could you give me a band? 情態動詞 主要用法 典句例示 may/might 表示請求、允許、許可,might比may的語氣更委婉 ①You may use my dictionary. ②Might I have a look at your new computer? must 表示“必須” We must study hard and make progress every day. 表示“偏要;硬要” If you must smoke,please go out. 情態動詞 主要用法 典句例示 shall 用于第一、三人稱的疑問句中,表示征求對方的意見 Shall I open the door? 用于第二、三人稱的陳述句中,表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅;此外,當頒布法律、規定時也用shall ①You shall get an answer from me by tomorrow. ②He shall go first,whether he wants or not. ③This law shall come into effect on May lst. 情態動詞 主要用法 典句例示 should 表示勸告和建議,作“應該”講 You should learn from each other. 表示驚訝、意外等情緒,意為“竟然” I can't bear that he should speak ill of me. 用在if條件句中,表示可能性很小,但也不是完全不可能 If anyone should come,say I'm not at home. 情態動詞 主要用法 典句例示 will/would 用于表示意志或意愿 I have told him again and again to stop smoking,but he will not listen. 表示“請求;建議”。would比will委婉、客氣些 Would you like some more coffee? 表示習慣:will可以表示現在的習慣,意為“總是;習慣于”。表示過去的習慣性動作用would ①She will sit for hours reading in the afternoon. ②When he was young,he would listen to music alone in his room. 表示事物的某種性質和傾向 Wood will float on the water. 情態動詞 主要用法 典句例示 need 表示“需要;必要”,用于否定句、疑問句和條件從句中 —Need we take the test? —NO,we needn't. dare 表示“敢;敢于”,主要用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中,一般不用于肯定句。I dare say是習慣說法,意為“我想,大概” How dare you talk like that? ought to 表示義務,意為“應當”,語氣比should強,表示不十分肯定或含蓄的推測,意為“應是;應該” ①Everyone ought to obey the traffic rules. ②He ought to be home by now. 二、3組易混情態動詞用法比較 情態動詞 主要用法 典句例示 can(could)/ bc able to can/could can有現在式和過去式(could),表示一般能力 I am starving to death. I can eat two bowls of rice be able to 有更多的形式,was/were able to表示通過努力、克服困難做成某事 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but every one was able to get out. 情態動詞 主要用法 典句例示 must/ have to must 側重表示說話人的主觀看法;只有一種形式 We must rely on ourselves. have to 表示客觀需要,有不同的形式 I have to give it up because of my illness. would/ used to would 表示過去習慣性或重復性的動作,沒有與現在對比的含義,不可用于無人稱句或存在句 Last year,our English teacher would sometimes tell stories after class. used to 表示過去經常發生的動作或存在的狀態。強調今昔對比,可用于無人稱句或存在句 He told us he used to play football when he was young. 情態動詞 主要用法 典句例示 考點警示 (1)can的一些常用固定搭配 cannot but do sth./cannot help but do sth./cannot choose but do sth.表示“不得不,只好” cannot/can never...enough/too再……也不為過 (2)may的一些常用固定搭配 may well+動詞原形意為“完全能,很可能”,may as well+動詞原形意為“最好.滿可以,倒不如” (3)mustn't表示“禁止”“不許做某事” 回答用need提問的問句時與回答用must提問的問句時一樣,肯定回答用must,否定回答要用needn't或don't have to ①I cannot choose but go. ②You cannot be careful enough. ③Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her. ④You may as well do it at once. 三、5大表示推測的情態動詞用法比較 情態動詞 適用句式 適用時態 意義 典句例示
must 肯定句 一般式、進行式、完成式 一定、肯定 ①You must be hungry after the long walk. ②He must be sleeping in the dormitory. can(could) 疑問句,否定句 一般式、進行式、完成式 可能,能夠 ①She can't be reading in the reading room now. ②Can/Could this be an excuse for that? 情態動詞 適用句式 適用時態 意義 典句例示 may/ (might) 肯定句,否定句 一般式、進行式、完成式 也許,可能 ①He may not be happy. ②He may be playing basketball on the playground. should (ought to) 肯定句 一般式 確定或期待 “應該” ①He should be around sixty years old.(確定) ②It's nearly seven o'clock.Jack should he here at the moment.(期待) will (would) 肯定句、否定句、
疑問句 一般式、進行式、完成式 大概 ①He will have forgotten me. I left him 18 years ago. ②It would be about ten when he left home. 四、“情態動詞+have done”用法 類型 構成 用法 句式 典句例示 對過去的推測 must have done 表示對過去已經發生的行為進行推測,意為“想必/準是/一定做了某事” 肯定 You must have gone to bed late last night. Your eyes are red. can/could have done 表示對過去發生的行為的懷疑和不肯定 否定、疑問 He cannot have forgotten it. may/might have done 表示對過去已發生的行為的推測,意為“也許/或許/已經(沒有)……” 肯定、否定 It's too late. I think he may have gone to bed. 類型 構成 用法 句式 典句例示 表示后悔、責備或遺憾 could have done 表示過去沒有實現的可能性,意為“未來可以……” 肯定 The accident could have been avoided. should/ ought to have done 表示本該做某事而實際上未做 肯定、否定 You are late. You ought to have arrived five minutes earlier. 類型 構成 用法 句式 典句例示 表示后悔、責備或遺憾 needn'd have done 表示做了本來不必做的事 否定 I actually needn't have bought so much wine-only three people came. had better have done 用于事后的建議,含輕微責備的口吻,意為“當時最好做了某事” 肯定、否定 You had better have started earlier. would rather have done 表示“當時寧愿做了某事” 肯定、否定 I would rather have taken his advice. 考 點 警 示 1.情態動詞不能單獨作謂語,必須與其它動詞一起作謂語。 另外,(1)后面接動詞原形。(2)沒有人稱和數的變化。(3)變為疑問句或否定句時不需要加助動詞,而是將情態動詞移至主語前變為疑問句,在情態動詞后加not,構成否定句。 2.掌握一些有關情態動詞的常用句型,如: cannot...too“無論……也不過分”。 You cannot be too careful while driving. 開車時你越小心越好。 cannot wait to do“迫不及待地做” He couldn't wait to see the film. 他非常渴望看這部電影。 cannot(help) but do“不得不做,只好做” She couldn't but agree to my idea. 她只好同意我的想法。 cannot help it“沒有辦法” cannot help doing sth.“情不自禁地做某事” may well“有充分的理由可以” You may well be proud of him. 你有足夠的理由為他驕傲。 may/might as well“最好;不妨”。 3.個別情態動詞的特殊用法。 (1)must可以轉化為名詞,意思是“必需的東西”,如: Comfortable shoes are a must when going hiking. (2)行為動詞need,dare有人稱和數的變化,后接名詞、代詞、動詞不定式,動詞-ing形式及復合賓語。如: The question needs to be discussed =The question needs discussing. 走向高考 · 高考總復習 · 人教版 · 英語
第二部分
語法專題復習
走向高考 · 高考總復習 · 人教版 · 英語
第二部分
語法專題復習 路漫漫其修遠兮 吾將上下而求索 走向高考 · 英語 人教版 · 高考總復習 語法專題復習 第二部分 專題六 情態動詞 第二部分 知 識 清 單 2 考 點 警 示 3 考 點 透 析 1 考 點 透 析
情態動詞在最近幾年的高考語法填空中還沒有直接考查過,但這并不意味著今后也不會考。另外,熟練掌握情態動詞的用法,對準確理解語法填空、完形填空、閱讀理解、聽力理解中含有情態動詞的句子是很有益處的,并且在寫作中也可能會用到情態動詞。因此,我們應當學好情態動詞,尤其要掌握好常用情態動詞的用法。 知 識 清 單 一、9大情態動詞的基本用法 情態動詞 主要用法 典句例示 can/could 表示能力 He can play table tennis quite well. 表示理論上的可能性,“有時候會;可能會” Even an experienced teacher can make mistakes. 表示請求和允許 表示請求,口語中常用could代替can ①You can have my seat.I'm going now. ②Could you give me a band? 情態動詞 主要用法 典句例示 may/might 表示請求、允許、許可,might比may的語氣更委婉 ①You may use my dictionary. ②Might I have a look at your new computer? must 表示“必須” We must study hard and make progress every day. 表示“偏要;硬要” If you must smoke,please go out. 情態動詞 主要用法 典句例示 shall 用于第一、三人稱的疑問句中,表示征求對方的意見 Shall I open the door? 用于第二、三人稱的陳述句中,表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅;此外,當頒布法律、規定時也用shall ①You shall get an answer from me by tomorrow. ②He shall go first,whether he wants or not. ③This law shall come into effect on May lst. 情態動詞 主要用法 典句例示 should 表示勸告和建議,作“應該”講 You should learn from each other. 表示驚訝、意外等情緒,意為“竟然” I can't bear that he should speak ill of me. 用在if條件句中,表示可能性很小,但也不是完全不可能 If anyone should come,say I'm not at home. 情態動詞 主要用法 典句例示 will/would 用于表示意志或意愿 I have told him again and again to stop smoking,but he will not listen. 表示“請求;建議”。would比will委婉、客氣些 Would you like some more coffee? 表示習慣:will可以表示現在的習慣,意為“總是;習慣于”。表示過去的習慣性動作用would ①She will sit for hours reading in the afternoon. ②When he was young,he would listen to music alone in his room. 表示事物的某種性質和傾向 Wood will float on the water. 情態動詞 主要用法 典句例示 need 表示“需要;必要”,用于否定句、疑問句和條件從句中 —Need we take the test? —NO,we needn't. dare 表示“敢;敢于”,主要用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中,一般不用于肯定句。I dare say是習慣說法,意為“我想,大概” How dare you talk like that? ought to 表示義務,意為“應當”,語氣比should強,表示不十分肯定或含蓄的推測,意為“應是;應該” ①Everyone ought to obey the traffic rules. ②He ought to be home by now. 二、3組易混情態動詞用法比較 情態動詞 主要用法 典句例示 can(could)/ bc able to can/could can有現在式和過去式(could),表示一般能力 I am starving to death. I can eat two bowls of rice be able to 有更多的形式,was/were able to表示通過努力、克服困難做成某事 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but every one was able to get out. 情態動詞 主要用法 典句例示 must/ have to must 側重表示說話人的主觀看法;只有一種形式 We must rely on ourselves. have to 表示客觀需要,有不同的形式 I have to give it up because of my illness. would/ used to would 表示過去習慣性或重復性的動作,沒有與現在對比的含義,不可用于無人稱句或存在句 Last year,our English teacher would sometimes tell stories after class. used to 表示過去經常發生的動作或存在的狀態。強調今昔對比,可用于無人稱句或存在句 He told us he used to play football when he was young. 情態動詞 主要用法 典句例示 考點警示 (1)can的一些常用固定搭配 cannot but do sth./cannot help but do sth./cannot choose but do sth.表示“不得不,只好” cannot/can never...enough/too再……也不為過 (2)may的一些常用固定搭配 may well+動詞原形意為“完全能,很可能”,may as well+動詞原形意為“最好.滿可以,倒不如” (3)mustn't表示“禁止”“不許做某事” 回答用need提問的問句時與回答用must提問的問句時一樣,肯定回答用must,否定回答要用needn't或don't have to ①I cannot choose but go. ②You cannot be careful enough. ③Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her. ④You may as well do it at once. 三、5大表示推測的情態動詞用法比較 情態動詞 適用句式 適用時態 意義 典句例示
must 肯定句 一般式、進行式、完成式 一定、肯定 ①You must be hungry after the long walk. ②He must be sleeping in the dormitory. can(could) 疑問句,否定句 一般式、進行式、完成式 可能,能夠 ①She can't be reading in the reading room now. ②Can/Could this be an excuse for that? 情態動詞 適用句式 適用時態 意義 典句例示 may/ (might) 肯定句,否定句 一般式、進行式、完成式 也許,可能 ①He may not be happy. ②He may be playing basketball on the playground. should (ought to) 肯定句 一般式 確定或期待 “應該” ①He should be around sixty years old.(確定) ②It's nearly seven o'clock.Jack should he here at the moment.(期待) will (would) 肯定句、否定句、
疑問句 一般式、進行式、完成式 大概 ①He will have forgotten me. I left him 18 years ago. ②It would be about ten when he left home. 四、“情態動詞+have done”用法 類型 構成 用法 句式 典句例示 對過去的推測 must have done 表示對過去已經發生的行為進行推測,意為“想必/準是/一定做了某事” 肯定 You must have gone to bed late last night. Your eyes are red. can/could have done 表示對過去發生的行為的懷疑和不肯定 否定、疑問 He cannot have forgotten it. may/might have done 表示對過去已發生的行為的推測,意為“也許/或許/已經(沒有)……” 肯定、否定 It's too late. I think he may have gone to bed. 類型 構成 用法 句式 典句例示 表示后悔、責備或遺憾 could have done 表示過去沒有實現的可能性,意為“未來可以……” 肯定 The accident could have been avoided. should/ ought to have done 表示本該做某事而實際上未做 肯定、否定 You are late. You ought to have arrived five minutes earlier. 類型 構成 用法 句式 典句例示 表示后悔、責備或遺憾 needn'd have done 表示做了本來不必做的事 否定 I actually needn't have bought so much wine-only three people came. had better have done 用于事后的建議,含輕微責備的口吻,意為“當時最好做了某事” 肯定、否定 You had better have started earlier. would rather have done 表示“當時寧愿做了某事” 肯定、否定 I would rather have taken his advice. 考 點 警 示 1.情態動詞不能單獨作謂語,必須與其它動詞一起作謂語。 另外,(1)后面接動詞原形。(2)沒有人稱和數的變化。(3)變為疑問句或否定句時不需要加助動詞,而是將情態動詞移至主語前變為疑問句,在情態動詞后加not,構成否定句。 2.掌握一些有關情態動詞的常用句型,如: cannot...too“無論……也不過分”。 You cannot be too careful while driving. 開車時你越小心越好。 cannot wait to do“迫不及待地做” He couldn't wait to see the film. 他非常渴望看這部電影。 cannot(help) but do“不得不做,只好做” She couldn't but agree to my idea. 她只好同意我的想法。 cannot help it“沒有辦法” cannot help doing sth.“情不自禁地做某事” may well“有充分的理由可以” You may well be proud of him. 你有足夠的理由為他驕傲。 may/might as well“最好;不妨”。 3.個別情態動詞的特殊用法。 (1)must可以轉化為名詞,意思是“必需的東西”,如: Comfortable shoes are a must when going hiking. (2)行為動詞need,dare有人稱和數的變化,后接名詞、代詞、動詞不定式,動詞-ing形式及復合賓語。如: The question needs to be discussed =The question needs discussing. 走向高考 · 高考總復習 · 人教版 · 英語
第二部分
語法專題復習