由于Summary這一題型在三大題型要素中都不是簡單的黑/白關(guān)系，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)承認(rèn)，摘要題是雅思閱讀中特點(diǎn)頗為復(fù)雜，考察頗為全面的一種題型。但正如上文講到，Summary的解題要能夠做到突出重點(diǎn)，各個(gè)擊破，那么它的重點(diǎn)又是什么呢?

　　其實(shí)，Summary所表現(xiàn)出的多樣性這并不意味其隨意性。事實(shí)上，我們不論是從理論還是實(shí)踐中都應(yīng)該并且能夠在這種分支眾多的題型中找出一根最粗的主干。

　　一、有序or無序?

　　我們來看第二要素：In/Out of Order。對(duì)于這一題型的順序性，雅思官方用了兩個(gè)單詞來進(jìn)行描述not necessarily。盡管從詞義上說，這表明該題型內(nèi)部各題最終對(duì)應(yīng)的文章信息點(diǎn)符合行文順序還是呈現(xiàn)混亂狀態(tài)都是正常的。也就是說，這種說法意味著Summary題目會(huì)有相當(dāng)客觀比例的題目是亂序的。

　　但真實(shí)情況并非如此。

　　首先，從實(shí)踐來說，無論是劍橋雅思官方的6本出版物劍1直至最新的劍7中我們所接觸到的Summary題目，還是像筆者這樣常年以考帶研的培訓(xùn)界人士多次考場實(shí)踐所遭遇到的Summary題目，都可以明確地傳遞這樣的信息：摘要題的編寫能夠體現(xiàn)篇章的總體行文結(jié)構(gòu)。雖然有時(shí)存在特定題空對(duì)其他題空構(gòu)成所對(duì)應(yīng)passage中具體信息點(diǎn)位置的穿越，但不會(huì)對(duì)實(shí)質(zhì)上的in passage order造成巨大的干擾。唯一的整體例外是劍5 Test 3關(guān)于鋼化玻璃的那篇Flawed Beauty。

　　實(shí)踐中的體驗(yàn)來自于內(nèi)在機(jī)制的運(yùn)作。理論上講，如果一個(gè)summary不能將哪怕是一部分的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)和要點(diǎn)體現(xiàn)出來，它是沒有理由被稱為summary的。相對(duì)于原文因果倒置、主次不分、時(shí)間混亂的一段文字，不可能有效地達(dá)到概括的目的。其結(jié)果就是我們所往往碰到的題目順序與行文結(jié)構(gòu)一致的情形。

　　{結(jié)論}

　　Summary總體是是有序的。

　　請看下例：

　　Questions 10-13

　　The island will be partially protected from storms by and also by Further settlement caused by will be prevented by the use of

　　TEXT The airport, though, is here to stay. To protect it, the new coastline is being bolstered with a formidable twelve kilometers of sea defences. The brunt of a typhoon will be deflected by the neighbouring island of Lantau ; the sea walls should guard against the rest. Gentler but more persistent bad weather downpours of the summer monsoon is also being taken into account. A mat-like material called geotextile is being laid across the island to separate the rock and sand layers. That will stop sand particles from being washed into the rock voids, and so causing further settlement. This island is being built never to be sunk.

　　這是一組只有四題的Local的Summary，只對(duì)應(yīng)文章中最后一個(gè)段落。雖然很斷，但很清楚，原文中所標(biāo)明的考點(diǎn)位置仍然明確地體現(xiàn)出了原題空與空之間、句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系和順序。這一現(xiàn)象其實(shí)在大量的Summary題目中都存在。

　　二、主旨o(jì)r細(xì)節(jié)?

　　再說第一要素Gist/Detail。盡管由于近年來Local的Summary比較活躍，題目所考察的信息有時(shí)候相當(dāng)具體。但作為一段連續(xù)文字、完整句子構(gòu)成的段落，語句之間沒有任何關(guān)聯(lián)式無論如何讓人難以想象的事情。

　　應(yīng)當(dāng)指出，說Summary是偏Gist的題型，或者體現(xiàn)出對(duì)Gist考察的題型，并不等于最后填空的答案就是文章大意。這是兩個(gè)概念。和Heading直接以段落主題為主要信息考察點(diǎn)，并且答案常常就是段落TS的改寫不一樣的是，Summary對(duì)于主旨性，結(jié)構(gòu)性信息的考察更多體現(xiàn)在過程中。我們用于填寫的或者選擇的答案往往只是單詞或詞組，這意味著他們本身并不足以體現(xiàn)出大意，但一兩個(gè)點(diǎn)睛的信號(hào)詞則可以清楚地表明題目各考察點(diǎn)的邏輯關(guān)系在原文中的對(duì)應(yīng)，從而讓我們得以到達(dá)最后一步，極大地提高解題過程的速度和準(zhǔn)確性。

　　{結(jié)論}

　　Summary的考點(diǎn)詞也許是細(xì)節(jié)的，但分析定位出這些考點(diǎn)需要的輔助信息往往仍然是結(jié)構(gòu)性的。

　　我們再次利用上面的例子來進(jìn)行說明。

　　Questions 10-13

　　The island will be partially protected from storms by and also by Further settlement caused by will be prevented by the use of

　　TEXT The airport, though, is here to stay. To protect it, the new coastline is being bolstered with a formidable twelve kilometers of sea defences. The brunt of a typhoon will be deflected by the neighbouring island of Lantau ; the sea walls should guard against the rest. Gentler but more persistent bad weather downpours of the summer monsoon is also being taken into account. A mat-like material called geotextile is being laid across the island to separate the rock and sand layers. That will stop sand particles from being washed into the rock voids, and so causing further settlement. This island is being built never to be sunk.

　　由于Summary這一題型在三大題型要素中都不是簡單的黑/白關(guān)系，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)承認(rèn)，摘要題是雅思閱讀中特點(diǎn)頗為復(fù)雜，考察頗為全面的一種題型。但正如上文講到，Summary的解題要能夠做到突出重點(diǎn)，各個(gè)擊破，那么它的重點(diǎn)又是什么呢?

　　其實(shí)，Summary所表現(xiàn)出的多樣性這并不意味其隨意性。事實(shí)上，我們不論是從理論還是實(shí)踐中都應(yīng)該并且能夠在這種分支眾多的題型中找出一根最粗的主干。

　　一、有序or無序?

　　我們來看第二要素：In/Out of Order。對(duì)于這一題型的順序性，雅思官方用了兩個(gè)單詞來進(jìn)行描述not necessarily。盡管從詞義上說，這表明該題型內(nèi)部各題最終對(duì)應(yīng)的文章信息點(diǎn)符合行文順序還是呈現(xiàn)混亂狀態(tài)都是正常的。也就是說，這種說法意味著Summary題目會(huì)有相當(dāng)客觀比例的題目是亂序的。

　　但真實(shí)情況并非如此。

　　首先，從實(shí)踐來說，無論是劍橋雅思官方的6本出版物劍1直至最新的劍7中我們所接觸到的Summary題目，還是像筆者這樣常年以考帶研的培訓(xùn)界人士多次考場實(shí)踐所遭遇到的Summary題目，都可以明確地傳遞這樣的信息：摘要題的編寫能夠體現(xiàn)篇章的總體行文結(jié)構(gòu)。雖然有時(shí)存在特定題空對(duì)其他題空構(gòu)成所對(duì)應(yīng)passage中具體信息點(diǎn)位置的穿越，但不會(huì)對(duì)實(shí)質(zhì)上的in passage order造成巨大的干擾。唯一的整體例外是劍5 Test 3關(guān)于鋼化玻璃的那篇Flawed Beauty。

　　實(shí)踐中的體驗(yàn)來自于內(nèi)在機(jī)制的運(yùn)作。理論上講，如果一個(gè)summary不能將哪怕是一部分的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)和要點(diǎn)體現(xiàn)出來，它是沒有理由被稱為summary的。相對(duì)于原文因果倒置、主次不分、時(shí)間混亂的一段文字，不可能有效地達(dá)到概括的目的。其結(jié)果就是我們所往往碰到的題目順序與行文結(jié)構(gòu)一致的情形。

　　{結(jié)論}

　　Summary總體是是有序的。

　　請看下例：

　　Questions 10-13

　　The island will be partially protected from storms by and also by Further settlement caused by will be prevented by the use of

　　TEXT The airport, though, is here to stay. To protect it, the new coastline is being bolstered with a formidable twelve kilometers of sea defences. The brunt of a typhoon will be deflected by the neighbouring island of Lantau ; the sea walls should guard against the rest. Gentler but more persistent bad weather downpours of the summer monsoon is also being taken into account. A mat-like material called geotextile is being laid across the island to separate the rock and sand layers. That will stop sand particles from being washed into the rock voids, and so causing further settlement. This island is being built never to be sunk.

　　這是一組只有四題的Local的Summary，只對(duì)應(yīng)文章中最后一個(gè)段落。雖然很斷，但很清楚，原文中所標(biāo)明的考點(diǎn)位置仍然明確地體現(xiàn)出了原題空與空之間、句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系和順序。這一現(xiàn)象其實(shí)在大量的Summary題目中都存在。

　　二、主旨o(jì)r細(xì)節(jié)?

　　再說第一要素Gist/Detail。盡管由于近年來Local的Summary比較活躍，題目所考察的信息有時(shí)候相當(dāng)具體。但作為一段連續(xù)文字、完整句子構(gòu)成的段落，語句之間沒有任何關(guān)聯(lián)式無論如何讓人難以想象的事情。

　　應(yīng)當(dāng)指出，說Summary是偏Gist的題型，或者體現(xiàn)出對(duì)Gist考察的題型，并不等于最后填空的答案就是文章大意。這是兩個(gè)概念。和Heading直接以段落主題為主要信息考察點(diǎn)，并且答案常常就是段落TS的改寫不一樣的是，Summary對(duì)于主旨性，結(jié)構(gòu)性信息的考察更多體現(xiàn)在過程中。我們用于填寫的或者選擇的答案往往只是單詞或詞組，這意味著他們本身并不足以體現(xiàn)出大意，但一兩個(gè)點(diǎn)睛的信號(hào)詞則可以清楚地表明題目各考察點(diǎn)的邏輯關(guān)系在原文中的對(duì)應(yīng)，從而讓我們得以到達(dá)最后一步，極大地提高解題過程的速度和準(zhǔn)確性。

　　{結(jié)論}

　　Summary的考點(diǎn)詞也許是細(xì)節(jié)的，但分析定位出這些考點(diǎn)需要的輔助信息往往仍然是結(jié)構(gòu)性的。

　　我們再次利用上面的例子來進(jìn)行說明。

　　Questions 10-13

　　The island will be partially protected from storms by and also by Further settlement caused by will be prevented by the use of

　　TEXT The airport, though, is here to stay. To protect it, the new coastline is being bolstered with a formidable twelve kilometers of sea defences. The brunt of a typhoon will be deflected by the neighbouring island of Lantau ; the sea walls should guard against the rest. Gentler but more persistent bad weather downpours of the summer monsoon is also being taken into account. A mat-like material called geotextile is being laid across the island to separate the rock and sand layers. That will stop sand particles from being washed into the rock voids, and so causing further settlement. This island is being built never to be sunk.