Ⅰ.核心單詞→識(shí)記·思考·運(yùn)用

　　一、單詞拼寫(xiě)

　　1．*They ________(主張) that we should establish a day－care center.

　　2．*(2024·江蘇，閱讀A) Always get rid of your rubbish properly and ________ (回收利用) waste(e.g.glass，paper) where possible.

　　3．(2024·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)I，滿(mǎn)分作文)You can write anything ________(相關(guān)的)so long as it's interesting and informative.

　　4．Watching the event on television was a poor ________(代替品)for actually being there.

　　5．The politics of this will be ________(艱難的)，but it was the right thing to do.

　　6．*(2024·天津，閱讀D)They are ________(潛力)powers we possess：energy，skill，sound judgment，creative ideas.

　　7．(2024·福建，23)It was ________(體貼的) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.

　　8．That's the most incredible ________(巧合) I've ever heard of!

　　9．(2024·廣東，閱讀C)Anderson suggests that television cannot be ________(宣判)without considering other influences.

　　10．(2024·江蘇，閱讀A)Keep to the track，where one exists，so you lessen the chance of damaging ________(脆弱的) plants.

　　答案　1.advocated　2.recycle　3.relevant　4.substitute　5.rough

　　6．potential　7.considerate　8.coincidence　9.condemned　10.fragile

　　二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

　　1．(2024·天津，完形)The ________(separate)between us has proved to be a blessing for me.

　　2．(2024·北京，閱讀填句)Even in advanced ________(agriculture) societies，it took about ninety－five people on farms to feed five people in cities.

　　3．The schools must ________(adoption)new methods of teaching foreign languages.

　　4．Market is an effective means in ________(allocate) of resources.

　　5．Some members of the committee expressed ________(reserve) about the proposal.

　　6．The incident ________(threat) to ruin his chances in the election.

　　7．My ________(calculate) is based on notional figures，since the actual figures are not yet available.

　　8．Henry was forced to leave his motherland for ________(politics) reasons.

　　9．He always ________ the needs of others.So we can say he is quite ________．(consider)

　　10．I bought a ________ to ________ my pencil yesterday.(sharp)

　　答案　1.separation　2.agricultural　3.adopt　4.allocation　5.reservations　6.threatened　7.calculation　8.political　9.considers；considerate　10.sharp sharpener；sharpen

　　三、開(kāi)心詞場(chǎng)

　　The experts and consultants adopt the suggestion that the construction of irrigation works be built in the mountainous area after careful consideration.By coincidence，severe droughts threaten some forest reserves.Sacrifice of ecology is against our principle and advocacy.

　　【聯(lián)想·積累】

　　表示“支持，擁護(hù)”的詞匯

　　①advocate vt.提倡；擁護(hù)

　　②back vt.支持

　　③support vt.支持，幫助

　　④in favour of 支持，贊同

　　與“環(huán)境”相關(guān)的單詞

　　①species n. 物種

　　②pollution n．污染

　　③atmosphere n．大氣層

　　④conservation n. (自然資源的)保護(hù)

　　⑤resource n．資源

　　⑥r(nóng)ecycle v．回收利用

　　識(shí)記以－al為后綴的高頻單詞

　　①arrival n．到達(dá)

　　②criminal n．犯罪分子；罪犯

　　③traditional adj.傳統(tǒng)的

　　④survival n．生存，存活，幸存

　　⑤central adj.中心的，中央的

　　⑥approval n. 贊同

　　⑦punctual adj.準(zhǔn)時(shí)的

　　詞匯拓展

　　①reserve n．自然保護(hù)區(qū)vt.保留；預(yù)訂→reserved adj.預(yù)訂的，保留的→reservation n．預(yù)訂；保留；保護(hù)

　　②finance n．資金→financial adj.財(cái)政的；金融的

　　③politics n．政治(活動(dòng))→political adj.政治的→politician n．政治家

　　Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)→識(shí)記·思考·運(yùn)用

　　一、補(bǔ)全短語(yǔ)

　　1．earn one's ________ 謀生

　　2．________ a matter of fact 實(shí)際上

　　3．a(chǎn) number ________許多

　　4．________ one's control 超出……的控制，不受……的控制

　　5．call ________ an end to sth 要求結(jié)束……

　　6．________ somebody's behalf 代表……

　　7．*all ________ all 總的來(lái)說(shuō)

　　答案　1.living　2.as　3.of　4.beyond　5.for　6.on　7.in

　　二、短語(yǔ)填空

　　carry off；break away from；look ahead；answer for；*lead to；in turn；ahead of；

　　apart from

　　1．____________the injuries to his face and hands，he broke both legs.

　　2．Thieves ____________ the farmer's sheep during the night.

　　3．____________ in the distance，and you can see the lights of the village.

　　4．It was his carelessness that ____________ his failure in the exam.

　　5．Your attitude affects others which ____________ affect you.

　　6．If you go on doing this，we won't ____________ the consequence.

　　7．I thought we'd be late for the concert，but we ended up getting there ____________ time.

　　8．I was encouraged to ____________ old forms and rules.

　　答案　1.Apart from　2.carried off　3.Look ahead　4.led to　5.in turn

　　6．a(chǎn)nswer for　7.ahead of　8.break away from

　　【聯(lián)想·積累】

　　all短語(yǔ)來(lái)開(kāi)會(huì)

　　①at all (常用于否定句和條件從句中以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣)

　　②after all 畢竟；終究

　　③in all 總共

　　④first of all 首先，第一

　　⑤above all 首先，最重要的是

　　⑥all in all 總的來(lái)說(shuō)

　　說(shuō)說(shuō)表示“引起，導(dǎo)致”的詞匯

　　①cause

　　②bring about

　　③lead to

　　④result in

　　⑤contribute to

　　　Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式→識(shí)記·思考·運(yùn)用

　　1．*Given this data，it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.(given用作介詞，表示“鑒于；考慮到；倘若”)

　　鑒于這些數(shù)據(jù)，好像人類(lèi)活動(dòng)與正在升高的地

　　[仿寫(xiě)]________________，I think Ye Shiwen has done rather well.

　　考慮到目前的條件，我認(rèn)為葉詩(shī)文已做得相當(dāng)出色。

　　2．The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale，and experts are predicting far worse to come.(see

　　近幾年一些環(huán)境災(zāi)難大規(guī)模地出現(xiàn)，專(zhuān)家們預(yù)測(cè)更壞的局面即將來(lái)臨。

　　[仿寫(xiě)]________________ the rapid development of China.

　　過(guò)去30年見(jiàn)證了中國(guó)的快速發(fā)展。

　　答案　1.Given the present conditions　2.The last 30 years have witnessed/seen【聯(lián)想·積累】

　　given用法小結(jié)

　　(1) given用作介詞，意為“考慮到，鑒于”，表示原因；還可以表示假設(shè)，意為“倘若，假定”。

　　(2)表示“考慮到……；倘若，假設(shè)……”時(shí)，given后還可接that從句。

　　　Ⅳ.單元語(yǔ)法→識(shí)記·思考·運(yùn)用

　　轉(zhuǎn)述結(jié)構(gòu)；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(Ⅲ)

　　單句語(yǔ)法填空

　　1．The plan is going to ____________(carry) out next week.

　　2．I was made ____________(copy) ten pages of the book.

　　3．The film is worthy ____________(see)．

　　4．He said he ____________(go) to Beijing to pay a visit to his uncle the next day.

　　5．The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already ____________(lay) for a meal to be cooked.

　　6．*In many people's opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant ____________(deal) with.

　　答案　1.be carried　2.to copy　3.to be seen　4.would go　5.laid　6.to deal

　　【聯(lián)想·積累】

　　主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義小結(jié)

　　主語(yǔ)＋be ＋adj.＋to do：不定式一般用主動(dòng)式。當(dāng)不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則應(yīng)在其后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~

　　?be worth后常接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

　　need，want，require，deserve等動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

　　[單 詞 點(diǎn) 睛]

　　1．trap vt.使困住；誘捕；誘騙；使陷入困境n.陷阱；圈套；捕捉器

　　[教材原句]Because of the greenhouse effect，the Earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.

　　因?yàn)闇厥倚?yīng)，困在大氣層中的氣體使得地球氣溫上升。

　　寫(xiě)出下列句中trap的詞性和含義

　　①Some miners were trapped underground after the collapse.____________

　　②Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap.____________

　　③The only thing the wolf could do was climbing up to the ground from the trap.____________

　　④It's no longer possible to trap a sensible man into marriage.____________

　　⑤The police set a trap to catch the thief.____________

　　(1)trap sb into (doing) sth 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套

　　be/get trapped in 被困在……中

　　(2)fall into the trap of doing sth 落入……的圈套

　　set/lay a trap for 為……設(shè)圈套

　　⑥D(zhuǎn)on't fall ________ the trap of ________(invest)all your money in one place.

　　不要把你所有的錢(qián)都投資到一個(gè)地方，那樣做不明智。

　　⑦I was trapped into ________(admit)I had done something wrong.我被誘騙承認(rèn)我做錯(cuò)了事。

　　答案　①vt.使困住　②n.捕魚(yú)器　③n. 陷阱 ④vt.誘騙　⑤n. 圈套　⑥into；

　　investing ⑦admitting

　　【聯(lián)想歸納】表示“被困于……中

　　①be/get locked in　②be/get caught in

　　③be/get stuck in　④be/get blocked in

　　2．reserve vi.儲(chǔ)備；保存；保留；預(yù)訂n.保護(hù)區(qū)；儲(chǔ)備

　　[高考例句](2024·廣東，閱讀A)The power of imagination need not be reserved for children only.

　　想象的力量不必僅僅為兒童保留。

　　(1)a nature reserve 自然保護(hù)區(qū)

　　in reserve 貯存；備用

　　(2)reserve sth for sb/sth 為某人/某物保留、預(yù)定……

　　(3)reservation n. 保留；預(yù)訂(房間、座位等)

　　make a reservation 預(yù)訂(座位、房間等)

　　①I(mǎi)'d like to reserve a table ________ three at eight o'clock.我想預(yù)訂八點(diǎn)鐘供三人用餐的桌位。

　　②Margaret made a ________(reserve)at/in her favorite hotel in Singapore.

　　瑪格麗特訂了她在新加坡最喜歡的飯店。

　　答案　①for　②reservation

　　3．a(chǎn)dvocate vt.主張 n．提倡者，擁護(hù)者

　　[高考例句](2024·浙江，滿(mǎn)分作文)Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behaviour.

　　很多專(zhuān)家主張對(duì)小孩的良好表現(xiàn)加以獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。

　　(1)advocate (doing) sth 提倡/擁護(hù)/支持(做)某事

　　advocate that...主張……，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should＋動(dòng)詞原形)

　　(2)be an advocate of/for ……的提倡者/擁護(hù)者

　　①We advocated that everyone in our school ________(donate)some money to the earthquake－stricken area.

　　我們提倡在學(xué)校里的每個(gè)人都為地震災(zāi)區(qū)捐些錢(qián)。

　　②Do you advocate ________(ban) cars in this city centre？你支持禁止汽車(chē)在市中心通行這一主張嗎？

　　答案　①(should) donate　②banning

　　4．substitute vt.& vi.(用……)替代；取代n.代替品，代用品

　　[教材原句]After all，there's no substitute for our Earth.畢竟，地球是不可取代的。

　　(1)a substitute for...……的替代者

　　(2)substitute A for B ＝ substitute B with/by A用A代替/取代B

　　substitute for 代替，取代

　　①She is seeking ________ substitute ________ the very man whose departure made her cry.

　　那個(gè)男人的離去令她傷心痛哭，她正想找一個(gè)人填補(bǔ)空缺。

　　②We substitute the red balls ________ the blue ones，to see if the baby would notice.

　　＝We substitute the blue balls ________ the red ones，to see if the baby would notice.

　　我們用紅色球代替藍(lán)色球看是否能夠引起寶寶的注意。

　　答案　①a；for　②for；with/by

　　5．means n．方式，方法；手段

　　[高考例句](2024·重慶，寫(xiě)作二)In addition，we have more choices by means of wild release.

　　此外，通過(guò)自由分享的方式

　　means of(doing)sth (做)某事的方法、途徑

　　by means of 借助……的手段

　　by all means 可以，當(dāng)然行；盡一切辦法，務(wù)必

　　by no means 決不，一點(diǎn)也不(置于句首，其后倒裝)

　　by this means 用這種方法

　　①I(mǎi)t is ________________ clear what the president can do to end the strike.

　　總統(tǒng)能做什么來(lái)結(jié)束罷工，這點(diǎn)完全不清楚

　　②Only by this means ________________ possible to persuade him.

　　只有用這種方法才能說(shuō)服他。

　　③By no means ________________ be separated from practice.

　　學(xué)校教學(xué)決不能脫離實(shí)踐。

　　④As is known to us all，Ye Shiwen succeeded ________________ hard working.

　　眾所周知，葉詩(shī)文依靠刻苦訓(xùn)練而獲得成功。

　　答案　①by no means　②is it　③can teaching in school　④by means of

　　【名師指津】　means“方法、方式、手段”，其單復(fù)數(shù)同形，當(dāng)means作主語(yǔ)且有every，each等表示單數(shù)意義的詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；有some，several，many，few等表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　6．a(chǎn)dopt vt.采用，采納，收養(yǎng)

　　[牛津例句]The courts were asked to adopt a more flexible approach to young offenders.

　　法庭被要求對(duì)年輕罪犯采取較靈活的處理方法。

　　(1)adopt one's suggestion 采納某人的建議

　　the adopted son

　　(2)adoption n．收養(yǎng)；采用

　　①I(mǎi) like your methods of teaching and I ________(adopt)them in my class.

　　我喜歡你的教學(xué)方法，我將在我的課堂上采用。

　　②Having no child of their own，the couple decided ________(adopt) the orphan.

　　由于沒(méi)有自己的子女，那對(duì)夫婦決

　　【名師指津】　adopt與adapt詞形相近，但意思不同：adopt“采納；采用；收養(yǎng)”；adapt“適應(yīng)；改編；改寫(xiě)”，常用搭配是adapt (oneself) to，表示“適應(yīng)”。

　　③The young couple had no children of their own and ________ an orphan.After a few months，the child came to ________ to his new life.

　　這對(duì)年輕夫婦沒(méi)有親生孩子，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)了一名孤兒。幾個(gè)月過(guò)后這個(gè)孩子漸漸適應(yīng)了他的新生活。

　　答案　①shall adopt　②to adopt　③adopted；adapt

　　[短 語(yǔ) 點(diǎn) 撥]

　　1．lead to引起，導(dǎo)致，造成(后果)；通向

　　[教材原句]Global warming refers to an average increase in the Earth's temperature that，in turn，leads to climate change.