2．感嘆句的固定句式 (1) What＋a/an＋形容詞＋單數名詞＋主語＋謂語！＝How＋形容詞＋a/an＋單詞名詞＋主語＋謂語！ (2)What＋(形容詞)＋不可數名詞/復數名詞＋主語＋謂語！

　　(3) How＋形容詞/副詞＋主語＋謂語！

　　(4) How＋主語＋謂語！ The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face. 這個驚人的消息使我意識到我們將面臨多么嚴重的問題。 3．反意疑問句 (1)祈使句的反意疑問句 ①肯定的祈使句，簡短問句用will you/won’t you。 ②否定的祈使句，簡短問句用will you。 ③Let’s...，shall we? ④Let us...，will you? (2)主從復合句的反意疑問句，與主句的主謂語保持一致。但當陳述部分是I/We think/believe/expect/suppose加從句時，疑問句應和從句的人稱時態保持一致。 There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，is there? 毫無疑問，你認為他是無辜的。難道不是嗎？ 溫馨提示　當陳述部分為否定式，反意疑問部分為肯定式時，其回答往往與漢語不一致，要特別注意！ —Tom doesn’t know it，does he? ——湯姆不知道這事，對吧？ —No，he doesn’t./Yes，he does. ——對，他不知道。/不，他知道。 (2024·高考重慶卷)—I spent two weeks in London last summer. —Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay，________ you? A．mustn’t

　　B．haven’t C．didn’t

　　D．hadn’t C 解析：考查反意疑問句。句意：——去年夏天，我在倫敦度過了兩個星期。——那么，在此期間你肯定參觀了英國博物館，是不是？must have done結構在句中表示對過去事情的推測，當句末有反意疑問的語氣時，可分為兩種情況： (1)句中沒有明確的過去時間狀語時，反意疑問句結構為“haven’t/hasn’t...”；(2)句中有明確的過去時間狀語時，反意疑問句結構為“didn’t...？”。根據題干中的過去時間狀語last summer以及during your stay可知，反意疑問句的結構應用第二種情況。 五、主謂一致 含all，most，half，rest等的名詞詞組作主語，所指的內容是復數意義時，謂語動詞用復數；反之，用單數。 在主謂倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數應與其后的主語一致。 用and或both...and連接并列主 語，其內容是復數的，謂語動詞用復數。若and連接的兩個單數主語指同一人、同一物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數。 ①All of my classmates work hard.

　　②All of the water is up now. Between the two windows hangs a picture. ①The teacher and writer has already come to the meeting.

　　②Both my brother and my sister are workers. 主語后面接連接性短語時，謂語動詞的數與主語的數保持一致。此類連接性短語有as well as，as much as，along with，with，like,rather than，together with，but，except,besides，including，in addition to等。 以or，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also...等連接的名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞的數應與就近的名詞或代詞一致。 ①Your sister as well as your parents is very kind to me.

　　②She，like you and Betty，is very clever. ①Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.

　　②Are not only you but also he wrong？ lots of，plenty of，a great/large number of等以及分數、百分數表示“許多”，后接可數名詞復數時，謂語動詞用復數。(large) quantities of修飾可數名詞或不可數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復數；a(large)quantity of作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數形式取決于后面的名詞。 the number of＋復數名詞，the amount of＋不可數名詞等構成的短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。 ①There are large quantities of food in the shop.

　　②A number of students like English very much. The amount of money spent on the project is great. many a＋名詞單數，more than one＋名詞單數，“no/each/every/many a＋名詞單數＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋名詞單數”作主語，謂語動詞用單數。 當其他名詞性從句，不定式短語或動名詞短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數形式。 ①Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.

　　②More than one question was raised. What he said leaves much for us to think about. 1．(2024·高考湖南卷)All we need ________a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. A．are

　　B．was C．is

　　D．were C

　　2．(2024·高考江蘇卷)Generally，students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ________ essential to their development. A．is

　　B．are C．was

　　D．were

　　A 第十一講　特殊句式和主謂一致 一、倒裝 種類 倒裝條件 例句 全部 倒裝 (1)表示方式或方位的副詞或介詞短語，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，on the wall，under the tree等置于句首，且主語是名詞時。 ①Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away fled the thief. 溫馨提示　上述情況中，若主語是人稱代詞，則不用倒裝。 ②Away they went. (2)代詞such放在句首，且在句中作表語時。 Such are the facts；no one can deny them. 種類 倒裝條件 例句 全部 倒裝 (3)為平衡句子結構或使上下文銜接緊密，常將作表語的形容詞、副詞、分詞或介詞短語提到句首，引起全部倒裝。 ①Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.

　　②Hanging on the wall is a beautiful picture. 種類 倒裝條件 例句 部分 倒裝 (1)only修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句，且放在句首時。 ①(2024·高考江西卷)Only when he apologizes for his rudeness will I speak to him again.

　　②Only then did I know the importance of learning. (2)含有否定意義的副詞或詞組(never，seldom, little, hardly, by no means, not until等)位于句首時。 Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. 種類 倒裝條件 例句 部分 倒裝 (3)hardly... when, no sooner... than, not only... but(also)．..等引導兩個分句時，若hardly, no sooner, not only位于句首，前一個分句用部分倒裝，后一個分句不變。 ①Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started. ②Not only was the coat soft，but it was also warm. 種類 倒裝條件 例句 部分 倒裝 (4)so/neither/nor置于句首，意為“也”或“也不”，表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一個人或事物時。 ①He is a doctor.So is his wife. ②Lily can’t ride，neither/nor can Lucy. (5)so/such...that...句型中，當such＋n.或so＋adj. /adv.位于句首時,主句部分倒裝,that從句不倒裝。 ①So small was the market that I could hardly see it.

　　②So carelessly did the drive that he almost killed himself. 種類 倒裝條件 例句 部分 倒裝 (6)though/as引導讓步狀語從句時，意為“盡管”，通常把句中狀語、表語或動詞提前；若表語是名詞，其前不用冠詞。常見結構：狀語/表語/動詞＋though/as＋主謂結構。 ①Try as he would, he might fail again.

　　②Unsatisfied though he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience. (7)當if引導的虛擬條件從句中含有had, were或should等時,如將if省略,則要將had, were或should等移到主語之前。 Had I attended the meeting,I would have met Jim. A

　　2．(2024·高考大綱全國卷)________ the nurses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well. A．Not do only

　　B．Do not only C．Only not do

　　D．Not only do 解析：考查倒裝句。句意：護士們不僅要求提高工資，還要 求縮短工作時間。not only在句首引起句子時，該句用部分倒裝，其結構為not only do/will/can etc.，因此D項正確。 D 3．(2024·高考湖南卷)Only when you can find peace in your heart ________good relationships with others. A．will you keep

　　B．you will keep C．you kept

　　D．did you keep 解析：考查倒裝句。句意：唯有找到內心的寧靜，方能維持 人際關系的和諧。“only＋副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句”置于句首時，句子(主句)要用部分倒裝語序。本題中，時間狀語從句when you can find peace in your heart 被only修飾，且置于句首，故主句用部分倒裝結構。 A 二、強調句 強調句 (1)It is/was...that/who可以對除謂語以外的成分進行強調.當強調部分為“人”時，可用that或who，其他情況下用that。 (2024·高考湖南卷)It’s not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do that makes life happy. (2)一般疑問句：Is/Was＋it＋...that/who...？ 特殊疑問句：疑問詞＋is/was＋it＋that/who...？ ①The patient looks much better.What is it that has made him what he is today？ ②Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down？ 強調句 謂語 動詞 (3)“not...until...”句型的強調句：It is/was not until...that... (2024·高考天津卷)It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan. do/does/did＋動詞原形(只用于肯定句，并且只有現在時和過去時) ①I do hope you can take my plan into consideration.

　　②He did write to you last night. 1．(2024·高考四川卷)Was it because Jack came late for school________ Mr. Smith got angry? A．why

　　B．who C．where

　　D．that D

　　2．(2024·高考福建卷)It was the culture，rather than the language，________made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. A．where

　　B．why C．that

　　D．what C 三、省略 狀語從句 當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致或從句的主語為it且從句中有be動詞時，可以省略狀語從句中的主語和be動詞。 ①(2024·蕪湖一中高三模擬)Every day after I went home, if not tired from work, I will go out for a walk with my wife. ②(2024·高考天津卷) Although small，the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries. 賓語從句 “替代性”省略：not與be afraid, hope, think, believe, suppose, expect等連用，代替否定的賓語從句，so代替肯定的賓語從句，但表示否定意義時，hope與be afraid只用I hope/am afraid not的形式，而think, believe, suppose等有兩種形式，即：I think/ believe/suppose not和I don’t think/believe/suppose so。 ①—Do you think it will rain？ —I hope not/so. ②—Do they mind you smoking there？ —I don’t think so/I think not. 動詞不定式 (1)感官動詞或使役動詞(如feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, let, make, have等)后接不定式作賓語補足語時省略to，但在被動語態中不能省略(let除外)。 ①I heard someone sing in the next room.

　　②My mother wouldn’t

　　let me go to see the film. (2)在do nothing but do, can’t help but do, why not do, would rather do... than do...，prefer to do... rather than do...等句型中省略to。 I would prefer to swim rather than play football. 不定 式符 號to 的省 略 動詞不定式 不定式的省略 (1)使用不定式符號to來代替不定式后被省略的動詞，常在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like，love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want，wish等的后邊。 I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to. (2)在某些形容詞如glad，happy，pleased,delighted等后面使用不定式符號to來代替省略的動詞。 —Will you join in the game？ —I’d be glad to. (3)如果不定式中含有 be，have，have been， 通常保留be, have和have been。 —Are you a sailor? —No, but I used to be. D B

　　四、其他句式 1．祈使句的固定句式 (1) 祈使句＋and＋簡單句，可譯為“如果……就……”。 (2) 祈使句＋or/otherwise＋簡單句，可譯為“……否則……”。 (3) 名詞詞組(多含有more，another)＋and＋簡單句，可譯為“如果再……就……”。 (2024·高考大綱全國卷)Call me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result. 明天給我打電話，我會讓你知道實驗結果的。

　　2．感嘆句的固定句式 (1) What＋a/an＋形容詞＋單數名詞＋主語＋謂語！＝How＋形容詞＋a/an＋單詞名詞＋主語＋謂語！ (2)What＋(形容詞)＋不可數名詞/復數名詞＋主語＋謂語！

　　(3) How＋形容詞/副詞＋主語＋謂語！

　　(4) How＋主語＋謂語！ The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face. 這個驚人的消息使我意識到我們將面臨多么嚴重的問題。 3．反意疑問句 (1)祈使句的反意疑問句 ①肯定的祈使句，簡短問句用will you/won’t you。 ②否定的祈使句，簡短問句用will you。 ③Let’s...，shall we? ④Let us...，will you? (2)主從復合句的反意疑問句，與主句的主謂語保持一致。但當陳述部分是I/We think/believe/expect/suppose加從句時，疑問句應和從句的人稱時態保持一致。 There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，is there? 毫無疑問，你認為他是無辜的。難道不是嗎？ 溫馨提示　當陳述部分為否定式，反意疑問部分為肯定式時，其回答往往與漢語不一致，要特別注意！ —Tom doesn’t know it，does he? ——湯姆不知道這事，對吧？ —No，he doesn’t./Yes，he does. ——對，他不知道。/不，他知道。 (2024·高考重慶卷)—I spent two weeks in London last summer. —Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay，________ you? A．mustn’t

　　B．haven’t C．didn’t

　　D．hadn’t C 解析：考查反意疑問句。句意：——去年夏天，我在倫敦度過了兩個星期。——那么，在此期間你肯定參觀了英國博物館，是不是？must have done結構在句中表示對過去事情的推測，當句末有反意疑問的語氣時，可分為兩種情況： (1)句中沒有明確的過去時間狀語時，反意疑問句結構為“haven’t/hasn’t...”；(2)句中有明確的過去時間狀語時，反意疑問句結構為“didn’t...？”。根據題干中的過去時間狀語last summer以及during your stay可知，反意疑問句的結構應用第二種情況。 五、主謂一致 含all，most，half，rest等的名詞詞組作主語，所指的內容是復數意義時，謂語動詞用復數；反之，用單數。 在主謂倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數應與其后的主語一致。 用and或both...and連接并列主 語，其內容是復數的，謂語動詞用復數。若and連接的兩個單數主語指同一人、同一物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數。 ①All of my classmates work hard.

　　②All of the water is up now. Between the two windows hangs a picture. ①The teacher and writer has already come to the meeting.

　　②Both my brother and my sister are workers. 主語后面接連接性短語時，謂語動詞的數與主語的數保持一致。此類連接性短語有as well as，as much as，along with，with，like,rather than，together with，but，except,besides，including，in addition to等。 以or，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also...等連接的名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞的數應與就近的名詞或代詞一致。 ①Your sister as well as your parents is very kind to me.

　　②She，like you and Betty，is very clever. ①Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.

　　②Are not only you but also he wrong？ lots of，plenty of，a great/large number of等以及分數、百分數表示“許多”，后接可數名詞復數時，謂語動詞用復數。(large) quantities of修飾可數名詞或不可數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復數；a(large)quantity of作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數形式取決于后面的名詞。 the number of＋復數名詞，the amount of＋不可數名詞等構成的短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。 ①There are large quantities of food in the shop.

　　②A number of students like English very much. The amount of money spent on the project is great. many a＋名詞單數，more than one＋名詞單數，“no/each/every/many a＋名詞單數＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋名詞單數”作主語，謂語動詞用單數。 當其他名詞性從句，不定式短語或動名詞短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數形式。 ①Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.

　　②More than one question was raised. What he said leaves much for us to think about. 1．(2024·高考湖南卷)All we need ________a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. A．are

　　B．was C．is

　　D．were C

　　2．(2024·高考江蘇卷)Generally，students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ________ essential to their development. A．is

　　B．are C．was

　　D．were

　　A 第十一講　特殊句式和主謂一致 一、倒裝 種類 倒裝條件 例句 全部 倒裝 (1)表示方式或方位的副詞或介詞短語，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，on the wall，under the tree等置于句首，且主語是名詞時。 ①Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away fled the thief. 溫馨提示　上述情況中，若主語是人稱代詞，則不用倒裝。 ②Away they went. (2)代詞such放在句首，且在句中作表語時。 Such are the facts；no one can deny them. 種類 倒裝條件 例句 全部 倒裝 (3)為平衡句子結構或使上下文銜接緊密，常將作表語的形容詞、副詞、分詞或介詞短語提到句首，引起全部倒裝。 ①Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.

　　②Hanging on the wall is a beautiful picture. 種類 倒裝條件 例句 部分 倒裝 (1)only修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句，且放在句首時。 ①(2024·高考江西卷)Only when he apologizes for his rudeness will I speak to him again.

　　②Only then did I know the importance of learning. (2)含有否定意義的副詞或詞組(never，seldom, little, hardly, by no means, not until等)位于句首時。 Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. 種類 倒裝條件 例句 部分 倒裝 (3)hardly... when, no sooner... than, not only... but(also)．..等引導兩個分句時，若hardly, no sooner, not only位于句首，前一個分句用部分倒裝，后一個分句不變。 ①Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started. ②Not only was the coat soft，but it was also warm. 種類 倒裝條件 例句 部分 倒裝 (4)so/neither/nor置于句首，意為“也”或“也不”，表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一個人或事物時。 ①He is a doctor.So is his wife. ②Lily can’t ride，neither/nor can Lucy. (5)so/such...that...句型中，當such＋n.或so＋adj. /adv.位于句首時,主句部分倒裝,that從句不倒裝。 ①So small was the market that I could hardly see it.

　　②So carelessly did the drive that he almost killed himself. 種類 倒裝條件 例句 部分 倒裝 (6)though/as引導讓步狀語從句時，意為“盡管”，通常把句中狀語、表語或動詞提前；若表語是名詞，其前不用冠詞。常見結構：狀語/表語/動詞＋though/as＋主謂結構。 ①Try as he would, he might fail again.

　　②Unsatisfied though he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience. (7)當if引導的虛擬條件從句中含有had, were或should等時,如將if省略,則要將had, were或should等移到主語之前。 Had I attended the meeting,I would have met Jim. A

　　2．(2024·高考大綱全國卷)________ the nurses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well. A．Not do only

　　B．Do not only C．Only not do

　　D．Not only do 解析：考查倒裝句。句意：護士們不僅要求提高工資，還要 求縮短工作時間。not only在句首引起句子時，該句用部分倒裝，其結構為not only do/will/can etc.，因此D項正確。 D 3．(2024·高考湖南卷)Only when you can find peace in your heart ________good relationships with others. A．will you keep

　　B．you will keep C．you kept

　　D．did you keep 解析：考查倒裝句。句意：唯有找到內心的寧靜，方能維持 人際關系的和諧。“only＋副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句”置于句首時，句子(主句)要用部分倒裝語序。本題中，時間狀語從句when you can find peace in your heart 被only修飾，且置于句首，故主句用部分倒裝結構。 A 二、強調句 強調句 (1)It is/was...that/who可以對除謂語以外的成分進行強調.當強調部分為“人”時，可用that或who，其他情況下用that。 (2024·高考湖南卷)It’s not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do that makes life happy. (2)一般疑問句：Is/Was＋it＋...that/who...？ 特殊疑問句：疑問詞＋is/was＋it＋that/who...？ ①The patient looks much better.What is it that has made him what he is today？ ②Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down？ 強調句 謂語 動詞 (3)“not...until...”句型的強調句：It is/was not until...that... (2024·高考天津卷)It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan. do/does/did＋動詞原形(只用于肯定句，并且只有現在時和過去時) ①I do hope you can take my plan into consideration.

　　②He did write to you last night. 1．(2024·高考四川卷)Was it because Jack came late for school________ Mr. Smith got angry? A．why

　　B．who C．where

　　D．that D

　　2．(2024·高考福建卷)It was the culture，rather than the language，________made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. A．where

　　B．why C．that

　　D．what C 三、省略 狀語從句 當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致或從句的主語為it且從句中有be動詞時，可以省略狀語從句中的主語和be動詞。 ①(2024·蕪湖一中高三模擬)Every day after I went home, if not tired from work, I will go out for a walk with my wife. ②(2024·高考天津卷) Although small，the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries. 賓語從句 “替代性”省略：not與be afraid, hope, think, believe, suppose, expect等連用，代替否定的賓語從句，so代替肯定的賓語從句，但表示否定意義時，hope與be afraid只用I hope/am afraid not的形式，而think, believe, suppose等有兩種形式，即：I think/ believe/suppose not和I don’t think/believe/suppose so。 ①—Do you think it will rain？ —I hope not/so. ②—Do they mind you smoking there？ —I don’t think so/I think not. 動詞不定式 (1)感官動詞或使役動詞(如feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, let, make, have等)后接不定式作賓語補足語時省略to，但在被動語態中不能省略(let除外)。 ①I heard someone sing in the next room.

　　②My mother wouldn’t

　　let me go to see the film. (2)在do nothing but do, can’t help but do, why not do, would rather do... than do...，prefer to do... rather than do...等句型中省略to。 I would prefer to swim rather than play football. 不定 式符 號to 的省 略 動詞不定式 不定式的省略 (1)使用不定式符號to來代替不定式后被省略的動詞，常在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like，love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want，wish等的后邊。 I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to. (2)在某些形容詞如glad，happy，pleased,delighted等后面使用不定式符號to來代替省略的動詞。 —Will you join in the game？ —I’d be glad to. (3)如果不定式中含有 be，have，have been， 通常保留be, have和have been。 —Are you a sailor? —No, but I used to be. D B

　　四、其他句式 1．祈使句的固定句式 (1) 祈使句＋and＋簡單句，可譯為“如果……就……”。 (2) 祈使句＋or/otherwise＋簡單句，可譯為“……否則……”。 (3) 名詞詞組(多含有more，another)＋and＋簡單句，可譯為“如果再……就……”。 (2024·高考大綱全國卷)Call me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result. 明天給我打電話，我會讓你知道實驗結果的。