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2024屆高考英語大一輪復習專題課件:專題14 語法填空(全國通用)

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2024屆高考英語大一輪復習專題課件:專題14 語法填空(全國通用)

  4.I was ________ nervous when I stood on the stage that I forgot everything.

  答案 so [so...that...意思是“如此……以至于……”。]

 ?、谟傻寡b句式判斷,是填構成倒裝條件的only,so,neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,not until,had等,還是填do,does,did等。 【典例】 Not ________ I caught sight of my teacher in the crowd did I calm down.

  解析 句意:直到我在人群中看見我的老師我才平靜下來。not until放在句首,句子要部分倒裝。

  答案 until ③由it作形式主語或形式賓語的句式判斷,空格處是否填it。 【典例】 She remembered how difficult ________ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. 解析 句型:it is difficult(for sb)to do(某人)難以做……。how引導的賓語從句缺少主語,用it作形式主語,真正的主語是動詞不定式短語to choose...。 答案 it 【方法指導】 如果句中缺少謂語動詞,并確定所給動詞要填寫為謂語動詞,就要考慮時態和語態。 【典例】 He ________ (pretend)that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. 解析 句意:他假裝那個老虎玩具是真的……此處表達“我”上車時他正在做的事,故用過去進行時態。 答案 was pretending 給出動詞題 1.He walked in as if he ________ (buy)the school.And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.

  答案 had bought [這是由as if引導的虛擬語氣(他沒有買下學校),因為是與過去事實相反,故用過去完成時。] 2.Where men control the household,less money ________(spend)on healthcare and food,which results in poorer health for children.

  答案 is spent [考查時態和語態。money與spend之間存在被動關系,因此使用被動語態,根據從句的時態可知應用一般現在時。] 【方法指導】 如果句中已有謂語動詞,并確定所給動詞要填寫為非謂語動詞,就要考慮是v.-ing形式、過去分詞形式還是動詞不定式: ①作主語,v.-ing形式與不定式一般可以互換,意義無多大區別;但在疑問句和句型“There is no+主語”中,主語需用動名詞而不用不定式。 【典例】 It is widely believed that ________(form)a good habit will benefit us all our lives. 解析 It is widely believed that...從句中缺主語,這里使用動名詞短語作主語,表示泛指意義的行為。 答案 forming ②作目的狀語或在形容詞后作狀語,一般用不定式。 【典例】 For example,the proverb,“plucking up a crop ________(help)it grow”,is based on the following story. 解析 根據句子的意思,諺語是“揠苗助長”,要用動詞不定式作目的狀語。 答案 to help 3.She wished that he was as easy ________(please)as her mother,who was always delighted with perfume.

  答案 to please [她希望他像她的母親一樣容易滿足。賓語從句的謂語是was easy,并且空格位于表語形容詞easy之后,故考慮填動詞不定式作補語,這時應聯想到句型:He is easy to please.(=It is easy to please him.)“使他很容易滿足”。] ③作伴隨狀語,通常用分詞:與邏輯主語是主動關系,用現在分詞;與邏輯主語是被動關系,用過去分詞。 【典例】 Mary will never forget the first time she saw him.He suddenly appeared in class

  one day,________(wear) sunglasses. 解析 由前面的逗號可知這里不是并列謂語,應該是分詞短語作伴隨狀語,因為邏輯主語是he,故用現在分詞形式。 答案 wearing 4.After the student left,the teacher let another student taste the water.He spit it out,________(say)it was awful.

  答案 saying [他把喝進口里的水吐了出來,同時說這水很難喝。out與空格之間是逗號,并且say的邏輯主語也是句子的主語he,謂語動詞spit的動作與say的動作相伴發生,故填saying作伴隨狀語。] ④作賓語,通常用動名詞或不定式,介詞后面要用動名詞。 【典例】 I remember ________(cry)on my mother’s lap at a family gathering to read her will. 解析 remember doing sth意思是“記得做過某事”。 答案 crying ⑤作定語,不定式表將來;現在分詞表進行;過去分詞表被動與完成。 【典例】 When there was no place in the whole field ________(leave)to dig,the rabbit dug a tunnel right to where the dog had been lying all the time.There he found the carrot and the bone. 解析 此處為place的后置定語,leave與place構成邏輯上的被動關系,因此使用過去分詞形式。 答案 left 5.The doors to the theater were open and we handed our tickets to the ticket takers ________(stand)in the doorway.

  答案 standing [the ticket takers是動作stand的執行者,故要用現在分詞形式作后置定語。] 6.Their lives are made a bit easier to have this opportunity ________(find)nice

  clothing for not a single penny.

  答案 to find [此處用不定式作定語,修飾opportunity。] ⑥作賓語補足語,不定式表動作全過程;現在分詞表主動或進行;過去分詞表被動或完成。 【典例】 I noticed a man ________(sit)at the front. 解析 notice sb doing sth現在分詞作賓語的補足語,表示正在做某事。 答案 sitting 7.While she was getting me ________(settle)into a tiny but clean room,the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car.

  答案 settled [把“我”安置在一個很小但很干凈的房間里。get sb done。故填過去分詞settled作賓補。] ⑦獨立主格和with復合結構。 【典例】 Anyone who finds a dead bird with a band on its legs is asked to send the band to Washington with a note ________(tell)where the bird was found. 解析 with復合結構中,非謂語動詞和其邏輯主語note為主謂關系,所以用現在分詞形式。 答案 telling 易錯點1 思維定勢干擾 He was very tired

  ______ doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher. 解析 tired的短語搭配。be tired of具有很強的干擾性,其意為“對……厭煩”,很明顯,本句解釋不通。同時,我們還應想到be tired after/from,其意為“因……而勞累”。本句句意為:農夫勞作一整天后很疲勞,但是他對莊稼長“高”了感到很高興。 答案 after/from 【即時小練】 (1)July 1,1997 saw the return of Hong Kong to China.The day our Chinese people had looked forward to ________ (come) at last. 答案 came [句子主語是the day,此處缺少謂語動詞,并不是考查look forward to doing結構。] (2)Cursing my misfortune,I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honor of receiving me ______ a guest in their house. 答案 as [因為receive的搭配receive...from,這給考生解題造成了干擾,但是如果我們考慮到receive...as意為“把……當作……來接待”,那么答案就很清楚了。] 以題說法 有考生看到be tired馬上聯想到be tired of結構,但這里不是“厭倦”之意,而是表示“在……之后累”“因……而疲倦”。 突破指南 為了避免思維定勢的干擾,考生應認真理清句子含義和固定搭配結構,判斷出合乎情理的句子意思。 易錯點2 詞形變化干擾 (2024·廣東)But such a small thing couldn’t __23__ (possible) destroy a village. 解析 possible修飾謂語動詞destroy作狀語,將possible變成副詞,但是考生容易把possible的副詞寫成possiblely或possiblly,而不是possibly,這就造成本題失分。 答案 possibly 【即時小練】 (1)(2024·廣東)She was __22__(surprise) helpful. 答案 surprisingly [此處修飾helpful,要用副詞,故用surprisingly。] (2)(2024·新課標全國Ⅰ)While there are __68__(amaze) stories of instant transformation,for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river. 答案 amazing [此處修飾stories,要用形容詞,故用amazing。因為amazing意為“令人驚訝的”,amazed意為“(人)感到驚訝的”。換言之,現在分詞轉換的形容詞常常修飾事物,過去分詞轉換的形容詞常常修飾人或者與人有關的事物。橫線后面是名詞story,說明應該使用現在分詞轉換的形容詞。] (3)(2024·新課標全國Ⅱ)There were many people waiting at the bus stop,and some of them looked very anxious and __43__(disappoint). 答案 disappointed [此處考查系動詞look的用法,在本空中look后接形容詞。但是,考生很容易寫成disappointing而造成失分,因為disappointed意為“(人)感到失望的”,而disappointing意為“令人感到失望的”,與句子意思不相符。] 以題說法 詞形變化干擾是指提示詞本身具有特殊變形所引起的干擾。在語法填空中,有些形容詞在變化為副詞時拼寫發生變化。例如: (1)以-le結尾的形容詞,變-le為ly:possible—possibly,terrible—terribly,comfortable—comfortably,gentle—gently,simple—simply (2)以-y結尾的形容詞,變-y為ily:easy—easily,angry—angrily,noisy—noisily,happy—happily,heavy—heavily,healthy—healthily (3)容易拼錯的詞:excitedly,rudely,truly,healthily,politely,widely,nicely,closely,surprisingly,disappointedly,fortunately 還有些名詞的特殊變化形式,例如:argue→argument 突破指南 詞形的變化要求考查有扎實的基礎知識,需要積累,多用心記憶。 附錄:語法填空做題技巧 “語法填空”考查的主要內容是句子結構、句子成分之間的一致性和句子與篇章在結構和意義兩個層面上的制約性。語言結構的分析能力是本題考查的重點,在做題時應該遵循“先總后分”的原則。(1)總體。先通讀全文,掌握主旨大意,了解短文的體裁、題材、時態、內容、線索、寫作意圖、觀點看法、段落大意、邏輯層次等。在“總”讀的過程中,可順便填寫某些空。(2)分項。 “分”就是下一步的具體填空。正確理解挖空句子的含義,分析其句子成分,判斷該空需要填入的是介詞、冠詞、代詞,還是連詞或引導詞。如果是介詞,則大部分是詞組或固定搭配;如果是冠詞,主要是在篇章中考查其語法功能,表示泛指、特指或類別等;如果是代詞,通常考查的是人稱代詞的主格、賓格或物主代詞等;如果是連詞、引導詞,就要判斷其連接的是并列句、定語從句、狀語從句還是名詞性從句等。 最近在學校的論壇上,你看到有不少同學用英語在交流聽力如何突破的問題。根據以下要點提示,寫一篇英語網帖參與交流。內容包括: 1.掌握聽力技巧和方法,多向老師和同學求助; 2.聽、說相結合,多聽的同時注重口語訓練。 3.充分利用網絡、英文電臺等聽力資源。 注意:1.詞數100左右。 2.可以適當展開聯想。 _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 【范文實例】 1.本文是一個主題貼,針對如何提高聽力水平提出了自己的方法和觀點。文章層次清晰,first, besides, third的運用讓讀者一目了然,并使得上下文銜接緊密,過渡自然。 2.文章合理地運用了一些高級句型,從而增加了文章的亮點,如:Every student may feel it a little difficult to...中的feel后面跟復合賓語;when necessary狀語從句的省略;Only if your oral English is perfect is your listening ability perfect, too.倒裝句型的使用;以及在第三點中祈使句的運用等,使句型結構多樣化。 3.作者書寫稍顯潦草,如能改正,則能錦上添花。 讀后啟示:__________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 專題十四 語法填空 一般來說,語法填空試題有兩種試題形式:詞類轉化題和純空格題。對于每一類試題要采用不同的解題方法。同時要特別注意對動詞類的考查,它是考試中的重中之重。 詞類轉換題 【方法指導】 作表語(系動詞之后)、定語(修飾名詞)或補語(表性質狀態)時,通常用形容詞形式。 【典例】 He spoke to me in English and started explaining his past life when he was ________(health). 解析 句中缺表語,根據空后提示詞及語意可知,此處應填health的形容詞形式healthy。 答案 healthy 1....and other times they make a very ________ (consider) effort to communicate with you.

  答案 considerable [修飾名詞effort,要用形容詞形式,故填considerable。] 【方法指導】 作主語,或在及物動詞、介詞后作賓語時,前面可能有形容詞修飾,通常用名詞形式,注意單復數形式。 【典例】 He had witnessed too many ________(die) and wounds at the Battle of Solferino in Italy four years earlier,in which

  40,000 people were killed,wounded or missing. 解析 考查詞形變化。這里指的是死亡,是可數名詞,在句中作及物動詞witness的賓語,空前的too many也暗示應用death的復數形式。 答案 deaths 2.Apple’s new machine,the Lisa,proved to be an expensive ________(fail).

  答案 failure [考查派生詞的用法。從空前的an expensive可知此處缺少一個名詞,故填failure。] 【方法指導】 在指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞或者“冠詞(+形容詞)”后,用名詞形式。 【典例】 I ran into my neighbor,Dennis,yesterday afternoon.He asked if I wanted two tickets to the theater.He had season tickets but couldn’t go to this ________(perform). 解析 根據this的提示,此處應該使用perform的名詞形式。 答案 performance 【方法指導】 修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子,或作狀語時,用副詞形式。 【典例】 One hundred percent of all donations will go ________(direct) to the charities. 解析 用副詞修飾動詞go。 答案 directly 3.The country now has a total of 178 million people over 60,accounting for 13.26 percent of the total population,and the figure will increase by 3 percent ________(annual).

  答案 annually [此處使用副詞修飾整個句子。所以填annually,意思是“一年一次地”。] 【方法指導】 根據句子意思及前后邏輯關系,有可能是詞義轉換題,詞性不一定要變,主要考查與詞根意義相反的派生詞,需要在詞根前加un、im、in等,或在詞根后加less等。 【典例】 Lost in the tune,he came suddenly upon a ________(home) beggar lying in the midst of the sidewalk.He reached down,touched the beggar’s cheek,and left a 100-dollar bill to him. 解析 此處需要形容詞修飾名詞beggar。他突然發現一個無家可歸的乞丐躺在人行道中間。 答案 homeless 【方法指導】 若括號中所給詞為動詞,也有可能考詞類轉換;若是形容詞或副詞,有可能考查其比較級或最高級。 【典例】 Also,the more children young couples have,the ________(happy)they become. 解析 “the+比較級,the+比較級”意思是“越……就越……”。根據句中的the more children可知,此處要用比較級。且語境表示“孩子越多,年輕夫婦就越不幸福”,故應填unhappier。 答案 unhappier 【方法指導】 如果句子缺主語或賓語,則一定是填代詞或名詞(多考代詞)。 【典例】 Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk,but after some minutes ________ walked away and sat near me,looking annoyed. 解析 句子缺少主語,根據上文可知此處仍指上文提到的那位男子,所以用he。 答案 he 純空格試題 【方法指導】 如果句子不缺主語或表語,動詞后又不缺賓語,則在名詞或代詞前面一定是填介詞。 【典例】 The new boy looked at the teacher ________ a few seconds and... 解析 for a few seconds意思是“幾秒鐘”,for接一段時間構成的介詞短語作狀語。 答案 for 1.The young man went home ________

  a happy heart.

  答案 with [本空格處缺介詞,故填with構成介詞短語with a happy heart“心情愉快地”,作伴隨狀語。] 【方法指導】 名詞前面若沒有限定詞(冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞),則很可能是填限定詞。 【典例】 But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her,it was probably the fact that she sat in ________ last row. 解析 “最后一排”為特指,要加定冠詞the,即in the last row。 答案 the 2.After the student left,the teacher let ________ student taste the water.

  答案 another [空格后接的詞是student,是單數,another student表示另一個學生,無限定范圍的另一個。] 【方法指導】 若兩個或兩個以上的單詞或短語之間沒有連詞,則可能是填連詞。 【典例】 Each time the boy did something good,a thousand tiny angels gathered around the boy’s heart

  ________ started tickling it. 解析 根據本句內容可知,gathered around the boy’s heart和started tickling it是并列關系,故用并列連詞and。 答案 and 【方法指導】 若兩句(一個主謂關系算一個句子)之間沒有連詞,也沒有分號或句號,則一定是填并列連詞或從屬連詞。 【典例】 The Unicef found that,although the situation has slightly improved,many women

  are still not included in family decisions,________ as a result their children are more likely to suffer from poor health. 解析 考查連詞。根據句意可知,空格前后都在說明男女不平等的結果,因此使用并列連詞and。 答案 and 3.One day,he came up with an idea ________ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.He did so the next day.

  答案 that [他提出一個想法(idea)即他將把所有的禾苗拔高幾英寸。空格后的句子意義完整并不缺少成分,故該空格處應填純粹的連詞that(不作成分,也沒有含義)引導同位語從句解釋先行詞idea的內容。] 【方法指導】 若結構較完整,并且空格后的謂語動詞是原形,特別是與上下文時態不一致或主謂不一致時,則很可能是填情態動詞或表示強調或倒裝的助動詞(do,does,did等)。 【典例】 He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife,but he

  ________ bring home a regular salary. 解析 這是一個由but連接的并列句,由前一分句的謂語動詞had可知,后一分句的謂語動詞bring也應用一般過去時。可是,bring卻用原形,既與語境的時態不符,也與主語he不一致,而且該句不是倒裝句,因此,此處必定是填情態動詞或表示強調的助動詞did(的確)。 答案 did 【方法指導】 由特殊的句式結構來判斷空格應填的詞。 ①由it is...that...強調結構判斷,填it還是that;so/such...that,(n)either...(n)or等。 【典例】 The uneducated person,on the other hand,either is unable to do it,________ does it

  badly,... 解析 此處表示“或者”,要注意either...or搭配。 答案 or

  4.I was ________ nervous when I stood on the stage that I forgot everything.

  答案 so [so...that...意思是“如此……以至于……”。]

  ②由倒裝句式判斷,是填構成倒裝條件的only,so,neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,not until,had等,還是填do,does,did等。 【典例】 Not ________ I caught sight of my teacher in the crowd did I calm down.

  解析 句意:直到我在人群中看見我的老師我才平靜下來。not until放在句首,句子要部分倒裝。

  答案 until ③由it作形式主語或形式賓語的句式判斷,空格處是否填it。 【典例】 She remembered how difficult ________ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. 解析 句型:it is difficult(for sb)to do(某人)難以做……。how引導的賓語從句缺少主語,用it作形式主語,真正的主語是動詞不定式短語to choose...。 答案 it 【方法指導】 如果句中缺少謂語動詞,并確定所給動詞要填寫為謂語動詞,就要考慮時態和語態。 【典例】 He ________ (pretend)that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. 解析 句意:他假裝那個老虎玩具是真的……此處表達“我”上車時他正在做的事,故用過去進行時態。 答案 was pretending 給出動詞題 1.He walked in as if he ________ (buy)the school.And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.

  答案 had bought [這是由as if引導的虛擬語氣(他沒有買下學校),因為是與過去事實相反,故用過去完成時。] 2.Where men control the household,less money ________(spend)on healthcare and food,which results in poorer health for children.

  答案 is spent [考查時態和語態。money與spend之間存在被動關系,因此使用被動語態,根據從句的時態可知應用一般現在時。] 【方法指導】 如果句中已有謂語動詞,并確定所給動詞要填寫為非謂語動詞,就要考慮是v.-ing形式、過去分詞形式還是動詞不定式: ①作主語,v.-ing形式與不定式一般可以互換,意義無多大區別;但在疑問句和句型“There is no+主語”中,主語需用動名詞而不用不定式。 【典例】 It is widely believed that ________(form)a good habit will benefit us all our lives. 解析 It is widely believed that...從句中缺主語,這里使用動名詞短語作主語,表示泛指意義的行為。 答案 forming ②作目的狀語或在形容詞后作狀語,一般用不定式。 【典例】 For example,the proverb,“plucking up a crop ________(help)it grow”,is based on the following story. 解析 根據句子的意思,諺語是“揠苗助長”,要用動詞不定式作目的狀語。 答案 to help 3.She wished that he was as easy ________(please)as her mother,who was always delighted with perfume.

  答案 to please [她希望他像她的母親一樣容易滿足。賓語從句的謂語是was easy,并且空格位于表語形容詞easy之后,故考慮填動詞不定式作補語,這時應聯想到句型:He is easy to please.(=It is easy to please him.)“使他很容易滿足”。] ③作伴隨狀語,通常用分詞:與邏輯主語是主動關系,用現在分詞;與邏輯主語是被動關系,用過去分詞。 【典例】 Mary will never forget the first time she saw him.He suddenly appeared in class

  one day,________(wear) sunglasses. 解析 由前面的逗號可知這里不是并列謂語,應該是分詞短語作伴隨狀語,因為邏輯主語是he,故用現在分詞形式。 答案 wearing 4.After the student left,the teacher let another student taste the water.He spit it out,________(say)it was awful.

  答案 saying [他把喝進口里的水吐了出來,同時說這水很難喝。out與空格之間是逗號,并且say的邏輯主語也是句子的主語he,謂語動詞spit的動作與say的動作相伴發生,故填saying作伴隨狀語。] ④作賓語,通常用動名詞或不定式,介詞后面要用動名詞。 【典例】 I remember ________(cry)on my mother’s lap at a family gathering to read her will. 解析 remember doing sth意思是“記得做過某事”。 答案 crying ⑤作定語,不定式表將來;現在分詞表進行;過去分詞表被動與完成。 【典例】 When there was no place in the whole field ________(leave)to dig,the rabbit dug a tunnel right to where the dog had been lying all the time.There he found the carrot and the bone. 解析 此處為place的后置定語,leave與place構成邏輯上的被動關系,因此使用過去分詞形式。 答案 left 5.The doors to the theater were open and we handed our tickets to the ticket takers ________(stand)in the doorway.

  答案 standing [the ticket takers是動作stand的執行者,故要用現在分詞形式作后置定語。] 6.Their lives are made a bit easier to have this opportunity ________(find)nice

  clothing for not a single penny.

  答案 to find [此處用不定式作定語,修飾opportunity。] ⑥作賓語補足語,不定式表動作全過程;現在分詞表主動或進行;過去分詞表被動或完成。 【典例】 I noticed a man ________(sit)at the front. 解析 notice sb doing sth現在分詞作賓語的補足語,表示正在做某事。 答案 sitting 7.While she was getting me ________(settle)into a tiny but clean room,the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car.

  答案 settled [把“我”安置在一個很小但很干凈的房間里。get sb done。故填過去分詞settled作賓補。] ⑦獨立主格和with復合結構。 【典例】 Anyone who finds a dead bird with a band on its legs is asked to send the band to Washington with a note ________(tell)where the bird was found. 解析 with復合結構中,非謂語動詞和其邏輯主語note為主謂關系,所以用現在分詞形式。 答案 telling 易錯點1 思維定勢干擾 He was very tired

  ______ doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher. 解析 tired的短語搭配。be tired of具有很強的干擾性,其意為“對……厭煩”,很明顯,本句解釋不通。同時,我們還應想到be tired after/from,其意為“因……而勞累”。本句句意為:農夫勞作一整天后很疲勞,但是他對莊稼長“高”了感到很高興。 答案 after/from 【即時小練】 (1)July 1,1997 saw the return of Hong Kong to China.The day our Chinese people had looked forward to ________ (come) at last. 答案 came [句子主語是the day,此處缺少謂語動詞,并不是考查look forward to doing結構。] (2)Cursing my misfortune,I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honor of receiving me ______ a guest in their house. 答案 as [因為receive的搭配receive...from,這給考生解題造成了干擾,但是如果我們考慮到receive...as意為“把……當作……來接待”,那么答案就很清楚了。] 以題說法 有考生看到be tired馬上聯想到be tired of結構,但這里不是“厭倦”之意,而是表示“在……之后累”“因……而疲倦”。 突破指南 為了避免思維定勢的干擾,考生應認真理清句子含義和固定搭配結構,判斷出合乎情理的句子意思。 易錯點2 詞形變化干擾 (2024·廣東)But such a small thing couldn’t __23__ (possible) destroy a village. 解析 possible修飾謂語動詞destroy作狀語,將possible變成副詞,但是考生容易把possible的副詞寫成possiblely或possiblly,而不是possibly,這就造成本題失分。 答案 possibly 【即時小練】 (1)(2024·廣東)She was __22__(surprise) helpful. 答案 surprisingly [此處修飾helpful,要用副詞,故用surprisingly。] (2)(2024·新課標全國Ⅰ)While there are __68__(amaze) stories of instant transformation,for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river. 答案 amazing [此處修飾stories,要用形容詞,故用amazing。因為amazing意為“令人驚訝的”,amazed意為“(人)感到驚訝的”。換言之,現在分詞轉換的形容詞常常修飾事物,過去分詞轉換的形容詞常常修飾人或者與人有關的事物。橫線后面是名詞story,說明應該使用現在分詞轉換的形容詞。] (3)(2024·新課標全國Ⅱ)There were many people waiting at the bus stop,and some of them looked very anxious and __43__(disappoint). 答案 disappointed [此處考查系動詞look的用法,在本空中look后接形容詞。但是,考生很容易寫成disappointing而造成失分,因為disappointed意為“(人)感到失望的”,而disappointing意為“令人感到失望的”,與句子意思不相符。] 以題說法 詞形變化干擾是指提示詞本身具有特殊變形所引起的干擾。在語法填空中,有些形容詞在變化為副詞時拼寫發生變化。例如: (1)以-le結尾的形容詞,變-le為ly:possible—possibly,terrible—terribly,comfortable—comfortably,gentle—gently,simple—simply (2)以-y結尾的形容詞,變-y為ily:easy—easily,angry—angrily,noisy—noisily,happy—happily,heavy—heavily,healthy—healthily (3)容易拼錯的詞:excitedly,rudely,truly,healthily,politely,widely,nicely,closely,surprisingly,disappointedly,fortunately 還有些名詞的特殊變化形式,例如:argue→argument 突破指南 詞形的變化要求考查有扎實的基礎知識,需要積累,多用心記憶。 附錄:語法填空做題技巧 “語法填空”考查的主要內容是句子結構、句子成分之間的一致性和句子與篇章在結構和意義兩個層面上的制約性。語言結構的分析能力是本題考查的重點,在做題時應該遵循“先總后分”的原則。(1)總體。先通讀全文,掌握主旨大意,了解短文的體裁、題材、時態、內容、線索、寫作意圖、觀點看法、段落大意、邏輯層次等。在“總”讀的過程中,可順便填寫某些空。(2)分項。 “分”就是下一步的具體填空。正確理解挖空句子的含義,分析其句子成分,判斷該空需要填入的是介詞、冠詞、代詞,還是連詞或引導詞。如果是介詞,則大部分是詞組或固定搭配;如果是冠詞,主要是在篇章中考查其語法功能,表示泛指、特指或類別等;如果是代詞,通常考查的是人稱代詞的主格、賓格或物主代詞等;如果是連詞、引導詞,就要判斷其連接的是并列句、定語從句、狀語從句還是名詞性從句等。 最近在學校的論壇上,你看到有不少同學用英語在交流聽力如何突破的問題。根據以下要點提示,寫一篇英語網帖參與交流。內容包括: 1.掌握聽力技巧和方法,多向老師和同學求助; 2.聽、說相結合,多聽的同時注重口語訓練。 3.充分利用網絡、英文電臺等聽力資源。 注意:1.詞數100左右。 2.可以適當展開聯想。 _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 【范文實例】 1.本文是一個主題貼,針對如何提高聽力水平提出了自己的方法和觀點。文章層次清晰,first, besides, third的運用讓讀者一目了然,并使得上下文銜接緊密,過渡自然。 2.文章合理地運用了一些高級句型,從而增加了文章的亮點,如:Every student may feel it a little difficult to...中的feel后面跟復合賓語;when necessary狀語從句的省略;Only if your oral English is perfect is your listening ability perfect, too.倒裝句型的使用;以及在第三點中祈使句的運用等,使句型結構多樣化。 3.作者書寫稍顯潦草,如能改正,則能錦上添花。 讀后啟示:__________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 專題十四 語法填空 一般來說,語法填空試題有兩種試題形式:詞類轉化題和純空格題。對于每一類試題要采用不同的解題方法。同時要特別注意對動詞類的考查,它是考試中的重中之重。 詞類轉換題 【方法指導】 作表語(系動詞之后)、定語(修飾名詞)或補語(表性質狀態)時,通常用形容詞形式。 【典例】 He spoke to me in English and started explaining his past life when he was ________(health). 解析 句中缺表語,根據空后提示詞及語意可知,此處應填health的形容詞形式healthy。 答案 healthy 1....and other times they make a very ________ (consider) effort to communicate with you.

  答案 considerable [修飾名詞effort,要用形容詞形式,故填considerable。] 【方法指導】 作主語,或在及物動詞、介詞后作賓語時,前面可能有形容詞修飾,通常用名詞形式,注意單復數形式。 【典例】 He had witnessed too many ________(die) and wounds at the Battle of Solferino in Italy four years earlier,in which

  40,000 people were killed,wounded or missing. 解析 考查詞形變化。這里指的是死亡,是可數名詞,在句中作及物動詞witness的賓語,空前的too many也暗示應用death的復數形式。 答案 deaths 2.Apple’s new machine,the Lisa,proved to be an expensive ________(fail).

  答案 failure [考查派生詞的用法。從空前的an expensive可知此處缺少一個名詞,故填failure。] 【方法指導】 在指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞或者“冠詞(+形容詞)”后,用名詞形式。 【典例】 I ran into my neighbor,Dennis,yesterday afternoon.He asked if I wanted two tickets to the theater.He had season tickets but couldn’t go to this ________(perform). 解析 根據this的提示,此處應該使用perform的名詞形式。 答案 performance 【方法指導】 修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子,或作狀語時,用副詞形式。 【典例】 One hundred percent of all donations will go ________(direct) to the charities. 解析 用副詞修飾動詞go。 答案 directly 3.The country now has a total of 178 million people over 60,accounting for 13.26 percent of the total population,and the figure will increase by 3 percent ________(annual).

  答案 annually [此處使用副詞修飾整個句子。所以填annually,意思是“一年一次地”。] 【方法指導】 根據句子意思及前后邏輯關系,有可能是詞義轉換題,詞性不一定要變,主要考查與詞根意義相反的派生詞,需要在詞根前加un、im、in等,或在詞根后加less等。 【典例】 Lost in the tune,he came suddenly upon a ________(home) beggar lying in the midst of the sidewalk.He reached down,touched the beggar’s cheek,and left a 100-dollar bill to him. 解析 此處需要形容詞修飾名詞beggar。他突然發現一個無家可歸的乞丐躺在人行道中間。 答案 homeless 【方法指導】 若括號中所給詞為動詞,也有可能考詞類轉換;若是形容詞或副詞,有可能考查其比較級或最高級。 【典例】 Also,the more children young couples have,the ________(happy)they become. 解析 “the+比較級,the+比較級”意思是“越……就越……”。根據句中的the more children可知,此處要用比較級。且語境表示“孩子越多,年輕夫婦就越不幸福”,故應填unhappier。 答案 unhappier 【方法指導】 如果句子缺主語或賓語,則一定是填代詞或名詞(多考代詞)。 【典例】 Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk,but after some minutes ________ walked away and sat near me,looking annoyed. 解析 句子缺少主語,根據上文可知此處仍指上文提到的那位男子,所以用he。 答案 he 純空格試題 【方法指導】 如果句子不缺主語或表語,動詞后又不缺賓語,則在名詞或代詞前面一定是填介詞。 【典例】 The new boy looked at the teacher ________ a few seconds and... 解析 for a few seconds意思是“幾秒鐘”,for接一段時間構成的介詞短語作狀語。 答案 for 1.The young man went home ________

  a happy heart.

  答案 with [本空格處缺介詞,故填with構成介詞短語with a happy heart“心情愉快地”,作伴隨狀語。] 【方法指導】 名詞前面若沒有限定詞(冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞),則很可能是填限定詞。 【典例】 But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her,it was probably the fact that she sat in ________ last row. 解析 “最后一排”為特指,要加定冠詞the,即in the last row。 答案 the 2.After the student left,the teacher let ________ student taste the water.

  答案 another [空格后接的詞是student,是單數,another student表示另一個學生,無限定范圍的另一個。] 【方法指導】 若兩個或兩個以上的單詞或短語之間沒有連詞,則可能是填連詞。 【典例】 Each time the boy did something good,a thousand tiny angels gathered around the boy’s heart

  ________ started tickling it. 解析 根據本句內容可知,gathered around the boy’s heart和started tickling it是并列關系,故用并列連詞and。 答案 and 【方法指導】 若兩句(一個主謂關系算一個句子)之間沒有連詞,也沒有分號或句號,則一定是填并列連詞或從屬連詞。 【典例】 The Unicef found that,although the situation has slightly improved,many women

  are still not included in family decisions,________ as a result their children are more likely to suffer from poor health. 解析 考查連詞。根據句意可知,空格前后都在說明男女不平等的結果,因此使用并列連詞and。 答案 and 3.One day,he came up with an idea ________ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.He did so the next day.

  答案 that [他提出一個想法(idea)即他將把所有的禾苗拔高幾英寸??崭窈蟮木渥右饬x完整并不缺少成分,故該空格處應填純粹的連詞that(不作成分,也沒有含義)引導同位語從句解釋先行詞idea的內容。] 【方法指導】 若結構較完整,并且空格后的謂語動詞是原形,特別是與上下文時態不一致或主謂不一致時,則很可能是填情態動詞或表示強調或倒裝的助動詞(do,does,did等)。 【典例】 He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife,but he

  ________ bring home a regular salary. 解析 這是一個由but連接的并列句,由前一分句的謂語動詞had可知,后一分句的謂語動詞bring也應用一般過去時??墒牵琤ring卻用原形,既與語境的時態不符,也與主語he不一致,而且該句不是倒裝句,因此,此處必定是填情態動詞或表示強調的助動詞did(的確)。 答案 did 【方法指導】 由特殊的句式結構來判斷空格應填的詞。 ①由it is...that...強調結構判斷,填it還是that;so/such...that,(n)either...(n)or等。 【典例】 The uneducated person,on the other hand,either is unable to do it,________ does it

  badly,... 解析 此處表示“或者”,要注意either...or搭配。 答案 or

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