Unit 1　Great scientists

　　請從下列人物中選擇你最喜歡的一位，用英語寫一篇短文。要求根據所給信息做適當發揮，且需包括以下三部分內容：1.對該人物的簡單介紹； 2.喜歡該人物的理由； 3.從該人物身上得到的啟示。

　　Charlie Chaplin

　　Yuan Longping

　　Stephen Hawking

　　director, actor；

　　full of humour simple but great

　　man; determined theoretical physicist；

　　disabled, optimistic

　　Films:

　　Modern Times；

　　The Gold Rush hybrid rice Books ：

　　A Brief History of Time；

　　The Grand Design

　　　精彩美文　

　　My favourite scientist—Yuan Longping

　　Born in Beijing, Yuan Longping is a simple but great man. Famous scientist as he is, he regards himself as an ordinary farmer. Since he graduated from college, he has been determined to find a way to increase rice harvest. Finally, he succeeded in growing what is called super hybrid rice, making it possible for farmers to produce harvests twice as large as before.

　　Not only do his great achievements deserve my admiration, but his attitude towards life impresses me a lot. He cares little about being famous or spending money on himself. Furthermore, he is so unselfish that he is now circulating his knowledge in some less developed countries to help them.

　　As Dr Yuan proves, the secret to success is having a dream and the determination to realize it. I certainly have a dream, and from now on I will spare no effort to achieve it.

　　　名師點睛　

　　1．文章體裁：記敘文。

　　2．行文邏輯：介紹人物→喜歡原因→個人看法。

　　3．詞匯短語：運用了較高級的詞匯和短語。如：graduate from(畢業于)，be determined to (決心做)，furthermore(另外)，spare no effort to(不遺余力地做)等。

　　4．句式句法：運用了多樣化的句式結構。如：①狀語從句：Famous scientist as he is；②賓語從句：what is called super hybrid rice；③形式賓語結構：making it possible for farmers to produce harvests twice as large as before；④倒裝句：Not only do his great achievements deserve my admiration等。

　　Ⅰ.單詞薈萃

　　1．________ vt. & vi.結束；推斷出→________ n．結論；結束

　　2．________ vt.照顧；護理；出席；參加→________ adj.集中精力的，認真的→________ n．注意力

　　3．________ vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光→________ n．暴露；揭露→________ adj.無遮蔽的；不擋風雨的

　　4．________ n．& vt.治愈；痊愈→________ adj.可以治愈的→________ adj.無法治愈的

　　5．________ n．挑戰→________ vt. 向……挑戰→________ n．挑戰者→________ adj. 激勵的；挑戰的

　　6．________ vt. 懷疑→________ n．嫌疑犯→________ adj.懷疑的

　　7．________ vt.污染；弄臟→________ n. 污染→________ n．污染物質

　　8．________ vt.宣布；通告→________ n．通知→________ n．播音員；廣播員

　　9．________ vt.命令；指示；教導→________ n. 命令；指示；教導→________ adj. 有指導意義的

　　10．________ vt. & vi.捐獻；貢獻；捐助→________ n. 貢獻→________ n．捐獻者

　　Ⅱ.短語檢測

　　1．提出　______________________

　　2．得出結論

　　______________________

　　3．暴露在

　　______________________

　　4．把……和……聯系起來

　　______________________

　　5．此外

　　______________________

　　6．對……嚴格的

　　______________________

　　7．有意義；講得通

　　______________________

　　8．導致；通向

　　______________________

　　Ⅲ.佳句再現

　　1．So many thousands of terrified people died __________________ there was an outbreak.

　　所以每次暴發(霍亂)，數以千計的人們在恐懼中死去。

　　2．A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had it ________________________ to her house every day.

　　有一位從寬街搬走的女士，她特別喜歡那里的水，每天都要派人從水泵打水運到家里。

　　3．…John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies ________________．

　　……約翰·斯諾建議所有的水源都要經過檢測。

　　4．Only if you put the sun there __________ the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.

　　只有當你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運動才能說得清楚。

　　5．He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets ______________ it…

　　他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上，而行星則圍繞著太陽轉……

　　6．It seemed that the water was ________________．

　　看來水是罪魁禍首。

　　Ⅳ.課文回顧

　　John Snow was a famous doctor in London. In his time cholera was the 1.________ (dead) disease. So John Snow made up his mind to help ordinary people 2.________ (expose) to cholera. At that time, no one knew its cause or cure. He knew it would never be controlled 3.________ its cause was found. He thought people 4.________(absorb) this disease

　　into their bodies with their meals. He tried to prove this. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he gathered information and made a map, 5.________ (mark) where all the dead people had lived. It was valuable. And finally he concluded that the water was 6.________ (blame). Then John Snow looked 7.________ the source of water. He found all the deaths were linked to the polluted water. So he was able to announce with 8.________ (certain) that the polluted water carried the virus. 9.________ (prevent) this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies 10.________ (examine) and new methods of dealing with polluted water be found. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.

　　　單詞點睛　

　　1 conclude　vt.& vi. (to infer on the basis of convincing evidence)推斷出；(to finish or be over)結束

　　(1)conclude sth (from sth)　 (從某事)推斷出某事

　　conclude…with/by doing…

　　以(做)……(來)結束

　　(2)come to/draw/reach a conclusion

　　得出結論

　　in conclusion

　　最后，總之

　　【活學活用】

　　(1)[2024·湖南卷·閱讀B] We can conclude that the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel went on smoothly as intended.

　　我們可以得出這樣的結論：特里蒙特酒店的移動工程進行得像預期一樣順利。

　　(2)Finally, I'd like to conclude ________ recommending a few changes in packaging.

　　最后，我想對包裝變更提出一些建議，并以此結束我的發言。

　　(3)You might __________________ by careful observation that many of these things have already happened.

　　仔細觀察，你就會得出結論，上述的很多事情都已經發生了。

　　(4)____________， I would like to thank all that have helped me in the research.

　　最后，我想感謝所有在研究中幫助過我的人。

　　2 attend　vt. (to take care of, to look after)照顧；(to be present at)出席；(to accompany or wait upon as a servant)護理；(go to…)上(學等)

　　(1)attend to　處理；注意傾聽；照料，照顧

　　(2)attend a lecture/movie/meeting

　　聽演講/看電影/參加會議

　　attend school　上學

　　attend church

　　做禮拜

　　【活學活用】

　　(1)[2024·廣東卷·信息匹配] She is now crazy about classical music and will not miss any chance to attend a concert with her husband.

　　她現在對古典音樂非常癡迷，不會錯過任何和丈夫一同參加音樂會的機會。

　　(2)The patient ________________________by nurses day and night since the operation.

　　自從動了手術以來，這個病人一直由護士日夜護理。

　　(3)Sorry, but you can't see the manager now. He has something emergent ________________．

　　抱歉，你現在見不到經理，他有些急事要處理。

　　(4)If you had told me beforehand, I ____________________________ your wedding.

　　你如果提前告訴我的話，我就會去參加你的婚禮了。

　　3 expose　vt. (to show sth that is usually hidden) 暴露；揭露，使曝光

　　expose…to…把……暴露在……下

　　expose sb to sth

　　讓某人接觸到某物

　　be exposed to

　　暴露于；接觸到

　　【活學活用】

　　(1)[2024·四川卷·閱讀D] His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day.

　　他的研究表明，當實驗室里的知更鳥在晚上暴露于燈光下時，就會導致在一天中的錯誤時間里一些基因變得活躍。

　　(2)It is unwise to expose __________ by trying to perform music that is too difficult for you.

　　演奏對自己來說太難的樂曲而使自己難堪是不明智的。

　　(3)It's very foolish of the commander to expose his men ____________ unnecessary risks.

　　這個指揮官讓士兵們冒不必要的危險真是太愚蠢了。

　　(4)[2024·新課標全國卷Ⅱ·閱讀C] Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to ____________the language and culture.

　　因為我是中國人，我的丈夫和我希望孩子們能夠接觸中國的語言和文化。

　　4 cure　n. 治療，治愈 vt. (to make a person or an animal healthy again after an illness)治愈；消除(弊病等)；糾正

　　a cure for……的治療辦法(藥物等)

　　cure sb

　　治愈，治好(病人)

　　cure sth

　　治好(疾病)

　　cure sb of sth

　　治好某人的……

　　【活學活用】

　　(1)[2024·湖北卷·完成句子] Many bad habits can be especially difficult to cure because they are likely to have been formed at a very young age.

　　許多壞習慣特別難以糾正，因為它們可能是人們年幼時就養成的。

　　(2)[2024·天津卷·閱讀C] The author's mother told him to borrow a book in order to help cure him ________ his reading problem.

　　作者的母親讓他借本書來幫助他治療閱讀問題。

　　(3)Scientists have so far failed to provide a cure ________the common cold.

　　迄今為止，科學家尚未提供一種治療普通感冒的藥。

　　(4)After having the surgery, Mr

　　Jobs had people believing he __________ even as his cancer spread to his liver.

　　在接受手術后，就在癌癥擴散至肝部之際，喬布斯先生卻讓人以為他的病已經治好了。

　　5 blame　vt.(to place responsibility for)責備；譴責 n．過失；責備

　　be to blame (for…) (因為……而)應負責任

　　blame sb for sth/doing sth

　　因……而責備某人/責備某人(做了)某事

　　blame sth on sb把某事歸咎于某人

　　take the blame for…

　　承擔……的責任

　　put/lay the blame for sth on sb

　　把某事歸咎于某人

　　[溫馨提示] be to blame沒有被動形式，因此要用主動形式表示被動意義。

　　【活學活用】

　　(1)[2024·廣東卷·閱讀C] We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems it doesn't really cause, overlooking our own roles in shaping children's minds.

　　他說，我們傾向于把責任歸咎于電視而忽略了我們自己在塑造孩子思想上產生的影響，而問題卻不在電視上。

　　(2)Don't put the blame ________him, after all, he is only a green hand.

　　不要責備他了，他畢竟只是個新手。

　　(3)[2024·重慶卷·閱讀B] While we can't change the body type we are born with, we can't blame our genes ______________ making us fat.

　　我們沒有辦法改變我們與生俱來的體形，因此我們不能歸咎于讓我們長胖的基因。

　　(4)It was the professor rather than his assistant who ______________ for what had happened in the lab.

　　是那位教授而不是他的助理應對實驗室里所發生的事情負責。

　　6 announce　vt.(to make sth known publicly)通告，宣告

　　(1)It is announced that…　據宣布……/據通知……

　　announce sth to sb/to sb sth

　　向某人宣布某事

　　(2)announcement n．　

　　通告；宣告；通知

　　announcer n.

　　廣播員，播音員

　　make an announcement

　　宣布；通知

　　[溫馨提示] announce后不能跟雙賓語結構，如果要表達“向某人宣布某事”應該這樣表達：announce sth to sb，不能用announce sb sth。除了announce外，類似的詞還有say, explain, mention等。

　　【活學活用】

　　(1)[2024·四川卷·閱讀B] As the vegetables started coming in, Dad threw himself into cooking. One day, armed with a basket of vegetables, he announced he was going to make stew(燉菜).

　　當蔬菜成熟的時候，爸爸就會開始為我們做飯。一天，他挎著一籃蔬菜，宣布要開始燉菜了。

　　(2)The date of the exam __________________to all schools later in the year.

　　今年晚些時候將向所有學校宣布考試日期。

　　(3)Mary announced ________her parents that she was going to run for monitor.

　　瑪麗向她父母親宣布她準備競選班長。

　　(4)The company announced last week that it would cut 500 jobs as part of an economy drive.

　　＝____________ last week that the company would cut 500 jobs as part of an economy drive.

　　上周公司宣布，作為節省開支的措施之一，將裁員500人。

　　7 contribute　vi.貢獻；(to submit for publication)投稿；捐獻/助，有助于

　　(1)contribute…to…　向……捐獻(投稿)

　　contribute to…

　　促成；起作用；有助于

　　(2)contribution n.

　　貢獻；捐贈

　　make a contribution to

　　為……做出貢獻

　　【語境助記】

　　Many people contributed money to the poor girl, which contributed to her returning to school. A teacher wrote a story about it and contributed it to a newspaper.

　　許多人給這位家境貧寒的女孩捐款，這使她重新回到校園。一位老師寫了一篇關于此事的文章，并把它投到了報社。

　　【活學活用】

　　(1)[2024·湖北卷·書面表達] Such rude riding contributes to the disorder of traffic. Thus the avoidable road accidents become unavoidable.

　　這種粗魯的駕車行為會導致交通混亂。結果，可以避免的交通事故變得不可避免。

　　(2)They say they would like to ____________________ charity, but money is tight this year.

　　他們說他們很想捐獻更多的錢支持慈善事業，但是今年的錢非常緊張。

　　(3)I was asked ________________an article __________ a newspaper making predictions for the new year.

　　我受邀為報紙撰寫一篇文章，對新的一年進行預測。

　　(4)He made a greater ____________ to the collecting and using of ancient classics and literature.

　　他對古籍文獻的搜集和運用做出了較大貢獻。

　　　短語儲存　

　　1 put forward　提出；提前；把表撥快

　　put off　推遲

　　put on

　　穿上；上演