Module 4 Great Scientists

　　話題詞匯

　　1.progress n.進步，發展；前進

　　2.outstanding adj.杰出的；顯著的

　　3.personality n.個性；品格

　　4.educated adj.受過教育的；有教養的

　　5.determine vi.確定；決定；下定決心

　　6.explore v.探索；探測；探險

　　7.make great contributions to對……做出巨大貢獻

　　8.be honored as被譽為……

　　9.make efforts to do sth.努力做某事

　　10.devote oneself to獻身于，專心于

　　經典語篇

　　根據提示用英語介紹二十世紀杰出的女性之一：海倫·凱勒(Helen Keller)。

　　內容要點如下：

　　1.海倫·凱勒：1880年6月出生于美國。她19個月大時，由于生病變得又聾又盲。從此她就生活在黑暗、寂靜的世界里。

　　2.七歲時，她的父母給她找了一名老師——Miss Sullivan。Miss Sullivan在教海倫的過程中遇到了許多困難。由于海倫的堅強意志和智慧以及Miss Sullivan的技巧和耐心，她們克服了種種困難，取得了成功。

　　3.她完成了大學教育，獲得了英語文學學位；致力于盲聾兒童的社會工作；著有多本著作，其中《我的一生》(The Story of My Life)最為著名。

　　注意：1.介紹須包括所有內容要點，但不要逐條翻譯；

　　2.可以適當增加細節，以使內容連貫；

　　3.詞數100左右。

　　參考詞匯：意志和智慧will and intelligence；技巧和耐心skill and patience；英語文學學位a degree in English literature

　　佳作欣賞

　　Helen Keller was one of the greatest women in the 20th century.① She was born in America in June,1880.② When she was nineteen months old，she became blind and deaf because of a serious illness.From then on she lived in darkness and silence.

　　Her parents were greatly worried.When she was seven，they found a teacher，Miss Sullivan，for her.Miss Sullivan had a lot of difficulties in teaching Helen Keller，who was blind and deaf.With Helen’s strong will and intelligence，combined with her teacher’s skill and patience，they overcame all the difficulties.③ Helen Keller became an able student and graduated from a college.She finally received a university degree in English literature.Later on she devoted all herself to helping the blind and deaf children.She wrote many books and The Story of My Life is a remarkable one.④

　　思維發散

　　1.用分詞結構連接第①、②兩句

　　Born in America in June,1880，Helen Keller was one of the greatest women in the 20th century.

　　2.用強調句型改寫第③句

　　It was with Helen’s strong will and intelligence，combined with her teacher’s skill and patience，that they overcame all the difficulties.

　　3.用非限制性定語從句改寫第④句

　　She wrote many books, among which The Story of My Life is a remarkable one.

　?、?重點單詞

　　A.寫作單詞

　　1.leading (adj.)主要的

　　2.figure (n.)人物

　　3.breakthrough (n.)突破

　　4.support (vt.& n.)支持

　　5.replace (vt.)取代；以……代替

　　6.quantity (n.)數量

　　7.quality (n.)質量

　　8.career (n.)生涯；經歷

　　9.brief (adj.)簡短的；簡潔的

　　10.personal (adj.)個人的

　　11.escape (vi.)逃跑；逃避

　　12.clear (vi.)(煙霧) 消散

　　13.educate (vt.)教育

　　education (n.)教育

　　14.publish (vt.)出版

　　publisher (n.)出版人(或機構)

　　publishing (n.)出版(業)

　　15.graduate (vi.)畢業

　　graduation (n.)畢業

　　B.閱讀單詞

　　16.species (n.)(動物或植物的)種

　　17.yield (n.)產量

　　18.convert (vt.)改變；轉換

　　19.export (vt.)出口

　　20.best-seller (n.)暢銷書

　　21.diagnose (vt.)診斷

　　22.victim (n.)受害者

　　23.brilliant (n.)聰穎的；才華橫溢的

　　24.partly (adv.)部分地；在一定程度上

　　25.physical (adj.)身體的

　　26.rocket (n.)火箭

　　27.arrow (n.)(弓)箭

　　28.straight (adj.)直的

　　29.producer (n.)生產者

　　production (n.)產量

　　30.agriculture (n.)農業

　　agricultural (adj.)農業的

　　31.original (adj.)原來的；最初的

　　origin (n.)起源

　　32.explode (vi.)爆炸

　　explosion (n.)爆炸；爆炸聲

　?、?重點短語

　　1.bring in引進；帶來

　　2.convert...to...把……轉變為……

　　3.earn one’s living謀生

　　4.come to power掌權

　　5.be diagnosed with被診斷患有……疾病

　　6.as a result of由于……的結果

　　7.be known for因……而出名/聞名

　　8.bring up培養；養育

　?、?經典句式

　　1.He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.

　　他想，養活世人的關鍵是更多更快地生產水稻。

　　2.He thought there was only one way to do this—by crossing different species of rice plant，and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.

　　他認為，唯一的辦法是使不同種類的水稻雜交，這樣就能生產比原先任何一種水稻產量都要高的新品種。

　　3.Moving in a wheelchair and speaking through a special computer，he has become the voice of science.

　　靠輪椅來移動并且通過特殊的電腦說話，他(霍金)成為了科學的代言人。

　　4.Or was he carried miles into space，becoming the world’s first astronaut?

　　還是他被帶到了數英里之外的太空，成了世界上第一位宇航員？

　　5.The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.

　　竹管被綁在一根幫助火箭直線運動的長棍上。

　?、?課文語法填空

　　Yuan Longping is a 1.leading(lead) figure in the rice-growing world in China.He was interested in plants from 2.an early age，and he went to study agriculture in college and began crop breeding experiments 3.as a young teacher.Then he brought up a plan to produce 4.more(much) rice by crossing different species of rice plant.He put his plan 5.into practice and the results 6.were published(publish) in China in 1966.In 1970，he discovered a 7.naturally(natural) sterile male rice plant,8.which was a breakthrough.

　　As a result of Yuan Longping’s discoveries，Chinese rice production rose 9.by 47.5% in the 1990’s,10.and 50,000 square kilometres of rice fields were converted to growing vegetables and other cash crops.Besides，some other countries shared the result of his discoveries.

　　1

　　[應試指導]　主謂一致的考查

　　in quantity大量

　　quantities of＋名詞＋復數謂語動詞 許多……

　　a quantity of＋ 大量……

　　(1)Quantities of food and tents were sent to earthquake-stricken areas from Shandong.

　　大量的食品和帳篷從山東運往了地震災區。

　　(2)My brother bought a large quantity of books.

　　我弟弟買了大量的書。

　　多維訓練

　　(1)單句語法填空

　　①A large quantity of beer was sold(sell) yesterday.

　　②Large quantities of food are wasted(waste) because of the way it looks.

　?、邸猈hy does the river around the village smell terrible?

　　—Because large quantities of water have been polluted(pollute) already.

　　(2)完成句子

　?、買t’s a lot cheaper if you buy it in quantity(大量地).

　?、赥here are large quantities of(大量的) rain in this area.

　　2

　　?1?graduate from從……畢業

　　graduate in畢業于……?專業?

　　?2?graduation n.畢業

　　(1)Many college graduates were anxious about the results of the national civil service exam.

　　很多大學畢業生擔憂全國公務員考試的成績。

　　(2)I’m 18 years old and will be graduating from Xinxing Foreign Languages School this July.

　　我18歲了，今年七月即將從新星外語學校畢業。

　　(3)It was my first job after graduation.

　　這是我畢業后的第一份工作。

　　多維訓練

　　單句語法填空

　　(1)On the graduation(graduate) day students will have pictures taken in caps and gowns.

　　(2) He graduated from Taipei University.

　　(3)The university graduated(graduate) 500 students last year.

　　(4)My son hopes to graduate in law so as to become a lawyer.

　　3 escape v.逃跑，逃離，逃脫?get away from?；避免，避開?avoid?；被遺忘?to be forgotten?，被忽視；n.逃離，逃脫

　　[應試指導]　(1)后跟非謂語動詞的考查；(2)熟詞新義的考查

　　?1?escape＋n./doing sth.逃脫了/避免了……

　　escape from/out of...從……逃脫

　　sth.escapes/escaped sb.某事被某人遺忘；未被注意

　　?2?a narrow escape九死一生

　　(1)He escaped from the enemy’s prison.

　　他從敵人的監獄中逃了出來。

　　(2)Yesterday，I came across my former classmate，but his name escaped me，which made me embarrassed.

　　昨天，我碰見了我以前的同學，但是我記不起來他的名字了，這讓我很尷尬。

　　(3)He had a narrow escape.

　　他九死一生。

　　[特別提醒]

　　注意下面兩個短語的區別：

　　escape from prison越獄，指的是一直在監獄中服刑，但是從服刑中逃跑了。

　　escape prison逃過牢獄之災，指的是根本就沒有進監獄，幸運逃脫了。

　　多維訓練

　　(1)寫出下列句子中escape的漢語意思

　?、貯 prisoner has escaped from a jail in northern England.逃離

　?、赥he two officers were extremely lucky to escape serious injuries.避開

　?、跧t was an actor whose name escaped me for the moment.被忘記

　　(2)單句語法填空

　?、賁he managed to escape from the burning car.

　?、赥here is no way to escape doing (do) the work.

　　4

　　多維訓練

　　同義句改寫

　　I will support you forever whenever it is.

　　(1)I will stand by you forever whenever it is.(用stand短語改寫)

　　(2)I will be in favor of you forever whenever it is.(用favor短語改寫)

　　(3)I will be in support of you forever whenever it is.(用support作名詞的短語改寫)

　　5

　　多維訓練

　　(1)單句語法填空

　?、貰riefly (brief) speaking，I’m in support of your idea.

　?、贖ere again are today’s headlines in brief.

　?、跙ecause of its briefness (brief)，autumn in the four seasons of life just had its special rhyme.

　　(2)完成句子

　?、貺et me tell you briefly what happened.

　　讓我來簡要地講一下所發生的事情吧。

　?、贖is remarks were brief and to the point.

　　他的評論簡明扼要。

　　6

　　多維訓練

　　(1)短語填空

　　His not studying hard resulted in his failure in exams and as a result，he was expelled(開除).Though he tried every means to save it，his attempts were without result and he had to drop out of school.

　　(2)同義句改寫

　　His carelessness resulted in his death.

　　①His death resulted from his carelessness.

　?、贖e died as a result of his carelessness.

　?、跦e was careless.As a result，he died.

　　7 He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.他想，養活世人的關鍵是更多更快地生產水稻。

　　本句中的key作“關鍵”講，常與介詞to搭配，后跟名詞或動名詞。此外，常與to搭配的名詞還有answer，reply，entrance，note，change，solution等。

　　(1)The key to the whole affairs was his jealousy.

　　整個事情的癥結是因為他忌妒。

　　(2)He finally got the answer to the algebra problem.

　　他終于算出了這道代數題的答案。

　　(3)Scientists are doing their best to find out the solution to this environmental problem.

　　科學家們正在盡力找到這個環境問題的解決方法。

　　多維訓練

　　(1)單句語法填空

　?、賂he key to solving(solve) the problem between the company and the consumers is to meet(meet) the demands made(make) by the consumers.

　?、贖e told us the key to his success in winning the first prize was hard work.

　　(2)單句改錯

　　I don’t know the key of the puzzle.of→to

　　8 The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.竹管被綁在一根幫助火箭直線運動的長棍上。

　　keep的意思為“使處于某種狀態”，賓語補足語可以是形容詞?短語?、現在分詞、過去分詞、介詞短語、名詞及方位副詞等。

　　(1)The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.

　　班上其他同學都閉著眼睛。

　　(2)Please keep our classroom clean and bright.

　　請保持我們的教室干凈明亮。

　　(3)Her illness kept her in bed for a week.

　　她的病使她臥床一周。

　　多維訓練

　　單句語法填空

　　(1)Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself reminded(remind) of his own dreams.

　　(2)Jack is late again.It is typical of him to keep others waiting(wait).

　　(3)Keep your mouth shut(shut) and your eyes open(open).

　?、?語境填詞

　　1.James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading(主要的) early canal engineers.(2024·全國Ⅰ)

　　2.Volunteer work at home and abroad with the physically(身體上) and mentally handicapped，the homeless，the elderly and orphans.(2024·廣東)

　　3.We are now looking for volunteers to support(支持) people with learning disabilities to live active lives！(2024·四川)

　　4.I felt very tired when I got home，and I went straight(直接) to bed.(2024·重慶)

　　5.On the other hand，soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes(爆炸) out of control.(2024·浙江)

　　Ⅱ.單句語法填空

　　1.Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time.(2024·全國Ⅱ)

　　2.Most people said this accent sounded “educated(educate)” and “soft”.(2024·廣東)

　　3.It was also much more than we could afford，but far less than the original(origin) asking price.(2024·天津)