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2024年高考英語一輪復習講練測:必修5.1《Great Scientists》(講)(解析版)

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2024年高考英語一輪復習講練測:必修5.1《Great Scientists》(講)(解析版)

  必修5

  Unit 1 Great Scientists

  單元知識預覽

  項目 單詞及其詞性變化(語法填空必備)

  重點單詞 1.characteristic n.特征;特性 2.conclude vt. & vi.結束;推斷出→conclusion n.結論;結束 3.defeat vt.打敗;戰勝;使受挫 n.失敗 4.attend vt.照顧;護理;出席;參加 5.expose vt.暴露;揭露;使曝光→exposion n.暴露

  6.cure n.治愈;痊愈 vt.治愈;治療 7.challenge n.挑戰 vt.向……挑戰→challenger n.挑戰者 8.absorb vt.吸收;吸引;使專心 9.suspect vt.懷疑n.被懷疑者;嫌疑犯→suspicion n.懷疑→suspicious adj.有疑心的 10.foresee vt.預見;預告→foretell v.預言→forecast v.預報

  11.blame vt.責備;譴責 n.過失;責備 12.pollute vt.污染;弄臟→pollution n.污染 13.handle n.柄;把手 vt.處理;操縱 14.link vt. & n.連接;聯系 15.announce vt.宣布;通告→announcement n.通知;宣告 16.instruct vt.命令;指示;教導→instruction n.教授;傳授→instructions n.指示,說明

  17.construct vt.建設;修建→construction n.建設;建筑物 18.contribute vt. & vi.捐獻;貢獻;捐助→contribution n.貢獻 19.spin vi. & vt.(使)旋轉;紡(線或紗) 20.reject vt.拒絕;不接受;拋棄→rejection n.拒絕;拋棄

  重點短語 1.put forward 提出 2.draw a conclusion

  得出結論 3.expose...to

  使顯露;暴露 4.link...to...

  將……和……聯系或連接起來 5.apart from

  除……之外;此外

  6.make sense

  講得通;有意義 7.look into

  調查;研究 8.at times

  有時 9.be against

  反對 10.(be) strict with

  對……嚴格的 11.be to blame

  應受責備 12.with certainty

  肯定地

  經典句型

  (高考書面表達必備) 1.John Snow was a famous doctor in London-so expert,indeed,that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.

  約翰·斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫生——他的確醫術精湛,因而成了照料維多利亞女王的私人醫生。

  2.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.

  人們既不知道它的病源,也不了解對它的治療。

  3.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.

  每次爆發霍亂時就有成千上萬驚恐的人病死。

  4.A woman,who had moved away from Broad Street,liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.

  一位從寬街搬來的女士如此喜歡水泵里的水以至于她讓人每天把水泵里的水送到她家。

  必備語法(高級句型) 情態動詞和虛擬語氣(2)

  晨讀范文背誦

  背誦這篇范文

  假設你是李華,在一所中學讀書。最近收到美國中學生Alex Nelson的來信。作為姊妹學校的交流生,他兩個月前訪問過你校,聽說有個“六藝俱樂部(Liuyi Club)的學生社團。希望進一步了解有關情況。請根據以下要點,給他寫一封信,介紹俱樂部的情況。

  成立時間:2024

  六藝:中國傳統的文化藝術,如書法、音樂、繪畫等

  俱樂部宗旨:宣傳中國文化、交友

  經常組織的活動:

  中國書法、繪畫競賽

  免費中國書法課程

  中國文化講座

  學生社團:Student society

  中國書法:Chinese calligraphy

  注意:1.詞數100左右;

  2.可以適當增減細節,以使行文連貫

  3.開頭語已為你寫好

  【答案】I was so p1eased to hear from you and am writing to tel1 you something about Liuyi Club. Founded in 2024, Liuyi Club is a student society on Chinese traditional culture, especially the Chinese calligraphy. “Luiyi” means “the six arts”, a general term referring to a variety of the traditional Chinese arts.

  Since 2010, Liuyi Club has organized various activities aiming at promoting traditional Chinese arts. Some of the regularly held events include Chinese calligraphy and paining competition, free Chinese calligraphy courses for students in the school, lectures on Chinese culture and traditions.

  Liuyi Club is a place for students from different classes to make friends who have common interests in the Chinese arts. Through various activities, members enjoy rich opportunities to improve communication and teamwork abilities.

  語言知識精析

  重點單詞精講

  考點1.conclusion n.結論;結束

  【教材原句】Draw a conclusion得出結論

  【例句研讀】

  (1)What conclusion did you come to?你得出了什么結論?

  (2)She concluded her performance with a poem.她以一首詩結束了她的表演。

  【歸納拓展】

  conclude

  vt.& vi. 結束;推斷出

  in conclusion

  最后,總之

  come to/draw/arrive at/reach a conclusion得出結論

  conclude sth (from…)

  (從……)推斷出某事

  conclude sth with/by…

  以……結束某事

  【即時鞏固】

  (1)Let me

  my speech with a saying:All roads lead to Rome.

  讓我用一句諺語結束我的演講:條條大道通羅馬。

  (2)I

  the conclusion that she forgot my birthday.

  我得出結論她忘了我的生日。

  (3)________________,I would like to thank all of you for all your help.

  最后,我感謝你們對我的所有的幫助。

  【答案】(3)conclude (4)drew(5)In conclusion

  考點2.attend vt.& vi.照料,護理;出席,參加

  【教材原句】John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert,indeed,that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.約翰·斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫生——他的確醫術精湛,因而成了維多利亞女王的私人醫生。

  【例句研讀】

  (1)We'd like as many people as possible to attend the wedding.

  我們希望有盡可能多的人參加婚禮。

  (2)Don't stay up too late watching TV! You have to attend school next morning.

  不要熬夜看電視!你明天早晨還要上學呢。

  【歸納拓展】

  attendant n.服務員,侍者

  attendance n.

  出席,參加;上學;出席人數

  attend a lecture/movie/meeting 聽演講/看電影/參加會議

  attend a class

  聽課

  attend school

  上學

  attend on/upon sb

  伺候某人,照顧某人

  attend to

  處理,對付;照料;接待(客人)

  【易混辨析】

  attend, join, join in與take part in

  這些動詞(短語)均含“參加,加入”之意。

  (1)attend 側重參加或出席會議、演講、上學或學術活動等。

  (2)join為普通用詞,指加入黨派、團體從而使自己成為該黨派或團體的一員,不與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如:

  I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.

  我永遠不會忘記我入黨的那一天。

  (3)join in通常指參加某項活動,尤其指和其他人一起參加某項活動。如果表示“與某人一起做某事”或“和某人在一起”,則用join sb in sth/doing sth。如:

  Would you join me in a walk?

  你和我一起散步好嗎?

  Will you join us in a game of cards?

  你加入我們來玩牌好嗎?

  (4)take part in 側重參加某項群眾性、集體性的事業、工作或活動,突出參加者在其中發揮一定的作用。如:

  Switzerland did not take part in the two world wars.

  瑞士沒有參加兩次世界大戰。

  【即時鞏固】

  (1)I'm afraid I can't go to your party tonight, for I've something important________.

  恐怕今晚我不能參加你的聚會了,因為我有重要的事情要處理。

  (2)“Are you___________, sir?” said an assistant to the customer.

  “先生,有人接待您嗎?”一位店員問這位顧客。

  (3)He was very tired after the long run, and expected somebody ______________ him.

  長跑之后他感到非常疲勞,很想有個人來照顧自己一下。

  【答案】(1)to attend to(2)being attended to(3)to attend on

  考點3.expose  vt.使暴露,揭露,顯露,使接觸,使曝光

  【教材原句】But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.

  當他一想到要幫助那些得了霍亂的普通百姓時,他就感到振奮。

  【例句研讀】

  (1)My job as a journalist is to expose the truth.我作為記者的職責就是揭露事實。 (2) The student has been exposed to English for about six years.這個學生接觸英語六年左右了。

  【歸納拓展】

  exposure n. 暴露,顯露;揭露,揭發 expose sth./sb./oneself (to...)顯露或暴露某事物/某人/自己(給……) be exposed to 暴露于……

  【即時鞏固】

  (1)Don't ________ babies ________ strong sunlight. 不要讓嬰兒受到強烈的日光照射。

  (2)It's very dangerous for anyone to __________________the virus without any protection.

  任何人沒有保護的暴露在病毒中是很危險的。

  (3)Potatoes will turn green when ___________________ light.

  當土豆暴露在光線下會變綠。

  考點4.cure n.痊愈,治愈 vt.治愈;治療

  【教材原句】Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人們既不知道它的病源,也不知道它的治療方法。

  【例句研讀】

  (1)The medicine could cure him of his stomach ache.

  這藥能治愈他的胃痛.

  (2) Doctors are searching for a cure for AIDS.

  醫生們正在尋找艾滋病的治療方法。

  【歸納拓展】

  curable

  adj. 可治愈的

  cure sb of sth. 治愈;矯正,改正(不良習慣等)

  a cure for…

  針對……的療法

  【溫馨提示】

  注意:cure后不能直接跟雙賓語,要用of引出其直接賓語,用法相似的詞還有:

  accuse sb.of sth.指控、指責某人某事 inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事

  remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事 rob sb.of sth.搶某人某物

  warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事 convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事

  persuade sb.of sth.使某人相信某事 suspect sb.of sth.懷疑某人某事

  【易混辨析】

  cure與treat

  (1)cure 指治愈疾病,消除痛苦,戒除惡習、弊端、嗜好等,強調結果,可構成cure sb of…結構。

  (2)treat 強調治療過程,不強調結果,常用于treat sth with sth 結構。如:

  The doctor treated her cancer with a new medicine, but didn't cure her.

  醫生用一種新藥為她治療癌癥,但是沒有把她治好。

  【即時鞏固】

  (1)His job will ______________ his laziness.

  他的工作會改掉他懶惰的毛病。

  (2)What is the best _____________ a cold?

  針對感冒最好的療法是什么?

  (3)A famous doctor is going to ____________ for his illness.

  一位著名的醫生要治療他的病。

  考點5.absorb vt.吸收;吸引;吞并;使專心

  【教材原句】The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.

  第二種看法是人們吃飯的時候把這種病毒帶入體內。

  【例句研讀】

  (1)He pretends to be absorbed in listening.他假裝在專心聽講。 (2)Absorbed in his thoughts,the scientist didn't notice what had happened before him.

  這位科學家陷入沉思中,沒有注意到眼前所發生的事。

  【歸納拓展】

  be absorbed by被……吞并;為……所吸收

  be/get absorbed in全神貫注于……;一心從事;熱衷于

  absorb sb.'s attention吸引某人注意

  absorb oneself in=be absorbed in全神貫注于……

  表示“集中注意力于……,致力于……”的常用短語還有:

  ①be devoted to

  ②be buried in

  ③be bent on

  ④focus...on/upon...

  ⑤concentrate...on...

  ⑥be applied to

  【即時鞏固】

  (1)Black cloth __________ light.黑色布料吸收光線。 (2)Did you ______ everything the professor said?教授說的你全部理解了嗎? (3)He ________________ deep thought.他陷入沉思。 【答案】(1)absorbs

  (2)absorb (3)was absorbed in

  考點6.suspect vt.認為;懷疑n.被懷疑者;嫌疑犯adj.不可信的;靠不住的

  【教材原句】John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.約翰·斯諾認為第二種說法是正確的,但是他需要證據。

  【例句研讀】

  (1)They suspect him of giving false evidence.

  他們懷疑他提供偽證。

  (2)I suspected that there is something wrong with the engine.

  我懷疑發動機出了什么故障。

  【歸納拓展】

  suspect+sb./sth.懷疑某人或某事

  suspect sb.of doing sth.懷疑某人做某事

  suspect sb.to be...懷疑某人是……

  suspect that(從句)...懷疑……

  【即時鞏固】

  (1)I began to _________ (that) they were trying to get rid of me. 我開始懷疑他們試圖擺脫我。 (2)What made you _________ her ______ having taken the money?

  你憑什么懷疑錢是她偷的? (3)The police arrested the _________ yesterday. 警方昨天逮捕了那個嫌疑犯。 【答案】(1)suspect(2)suspect;of (3)suspect

  考點7.blame vt.責備;譴責;把……歸咎于 n.責怪;(過失、過錯等)責任

  【教材原句】It seemed that the water was to blame.看來水是罪魁禍首。

  【例句研讀】

  (1)Citizens are laying the blame on the government for acting too late.

  市民們譴責政府行動太遲緩。

  (2)She blamed her parents for the failure of her marriage.

  =She blamed the failure of her marriage on her parents.她把婚姻的失敗歸咎于自己的父母。

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