Unit 3　Travel journal

　　(60分鐘81分)

　　Part A

　　一、閱讀理解(共8小題;每小題2分,滿分16分)

　　A

　　Death is natural,but do you have any idea of the process of dying?Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two stages—clinical or temporary death and biological death.Clinical death occurs when the vital organs,such as the heart or lungs,have ceased to function,but have not suffered permanent damage.The organism can still be revived(復活).Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the “breaking up” of vital cells and tissues.Death is then unchangeable and final.

　　Scientists have been seeking a way to lengthen the period of clinical death so that the organism can remain alive before biological death occurs.The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism,combined with narcotic(麻醉的) sleep.By slowing down the body’s metabolism(新陳代謝),cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.

　　To illustrate how this works,scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta.The scientists put Keta to sleep with a narcotic.Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature.When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining(使流光) blood from an artery(動脈).The monkey’s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped:clinical death set in.For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state.Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees.At this point the scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing.After two minutes Keta’s heart became active once more.After fifteen minutes,spontaneous(自發的)breathing began,and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head.After six hours,when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection,Keta seized the syringe(注射器)and ran with it around the room.Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.

　　(2024·湖北宜昌第一中學月考)

　　1.For a person who suffers from the clinical death.?

　　A.he still has the possibility of getting back to life

　　B.his most important organs are damaged

　　C.he can not avoid final death

　　D.he is still very much alive

　　2.Scientists try to make the time of clinical death longer in order to.?

　　A.slow down the body’s metabolism

　　B.bring vital cells and tissues back to active life

　　C.delay the coming of biological death

　　D.cool the organism

　　3.How did the scientists put Keta into clinical death?

　　A.By surrounding her body with ice-bags and draining her blood.

　　B.By lowing her blood pressure and stopping her heart from beating.

　　C.By draining her blood,lowering her blood pressure and stopping her breathing.

　　D.By putting her to sleep,lowering her temperature and draining her blood.

　　4.All of the following indicate that the monkey has almost restored to her original physical state except the fact that.?

　　A.her heart beat again

　　B.she regained her normal breath

　　C.she rejected a penicillin injection

　　D.she acted as lively as a healthy monkey

　　【文章大意】本文是一篇科普說明文。科學家通過給猴子試驗延長臨床死亡的時間來推遲生物死亡的來臨。

　　1.A　細節理解題。根據第一段第三句“Clinical death occurs when the vital organs,such as the heart or lungs,have ceased to function,but have not suffered permanent damage.”可知,臨床死亡的人的重要器官停止運轉,但不會遭受永久損傷, 仍然有可能會復活。故選A項。

　　2.C　細節理解題。根據第二段第一句“Scientists have been seeking a way to lengthen the period of clinical death so that the organism can remain alive before biological death occurs.”可知,科學家在設法延長臨床死亡的時間以便推遲生物死亡的到來。故選C項。

　　3.D　細節理解題。根據第三段第二、三、四句“The scientists put Keta to sleep with a narcotic.Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature.When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from an artery.”可知,科學家通過讓Keta睡眠、降低體溫以及抽光動脈的血液來使她進入臨床死亡。故選D項。

　　4.C　細節理解題。根據第三段中的“At this point...and lifted her head.”及文章的最后一句可知,這只猴子自主呼吸、心臟跳動、睜眼、抬頭,幾乎恢復到之前的生理狀態,此外它的一舉一動與一只健康的猴子幾乎無異。根據文章倒數第二句可知,這只猴子拒絕注射盤尼西林。故選C項。

　　B

　　Nature is full of color,from rainbows and roses to butterfly wings and peacock tails.Even the fruits and vegetables you eat have different colors:blue blueberries,red strawberries,green broccoli,and orange carrots.

　　Plants and animals often use color to attract attention.The substances responsible for these colors belong to a class of chemical called antioxidants(抗氧化物).Plants make antioxidant to protect themselves from the sun’s ultraviolet(UV)(紫外線)light.

　　Ultraviolet light causes chemicals called free radicals(自由基)to form within plant cells.They can destroy parts of plant.Free radicals also have damaging effects on human beings.Some of these effects like wrinkled skin can be seen.The damage is caused by the free radicals attacking cells in our bodies.Certain cancers and heart disease are linked to free radicals.

　　Our bodies have natural defences for fighting off free radicals.While we are young,our defences are pretty strong.However,they get weaker as we get older.The body’s built-in defences can only go so far without extra help.

　　The key to fighting free radicals with fruits and vegetables is to mix and match colors.It’s like sunscreen(防曬霜)for the inside of your body.Go for a range of very bright colors.Colorful foods contain hundreds of healthy chemicals not found anywhere else.

　　Research into how chemicals in blueberries affect the brain’s function in rats suggests that these chemicals may help our own brains work more efficiently.

　　Don’t just blame the sun.Ultraviolet light isn’t the only source of free radicals.If you breathe polluted air such as smog,automobile exhaust(廢氣),or wasted gas from a factory,you take in chemicals that also cause such damage.And,the body itself produces free radicals as it processes food.

　　1.Which of the following can not be known from the passage?

　　A.Antioxidants are responsible for plant colors.

　　B.Plants use color to attract attention.

　　C.Antioxidants can protect plants from UV light.

　　D.Antioxidants help free radicals to attack plants.

　　2.In which order do the following facts occur?

　　a.Wrinkled skin can be seen.

　　b.UV light causes free radicals to form.

　　c.Free radicals damage cells in our bodies.

　　d.The sun gives out UV light.

　　A.a,b,c,d B.d,b,c,a C.c,a,d,b D.d,b,a,c

　　3.We need extra help for fighting off free radicals from fruits and vegetables because.?

　　A.our bodies’ defences are not natural

　　B.we are too young to defend ourselves

　　C.our defences get weaker as we get older

　　D.our bodies’ built-in defences can only go away

　　4.Which of the following can not cause free radicals to form?

　　A.Colorful food. B.UV light from the sun.

　　C.Polluted air. D.The body itself.

　　【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了太陽的紫外線、煙霧、汽車尾氣、工廠的廢氣等都可造成自由基的生成,自由基會破壞人體細胞,各種顏色的食物是幫助我們抵抗自由基的有效方法。

　　1.D　細節理解題。根據第二段內容可知,A項、B項和C項是正確的,而D項不正確。故選D項。

　　2.B　細節理解題。事情發生的先后順序:先是太陽釋放出紫外線,然后紫外線造成自由基的生成,接著自由基破壞我們身體的細胞,最后皮膚起皺紋。故選B項。

　　3.C　細節理解題。根據第四段第三、四句“However,they get weaker as we get older.The body’s built-in defences can only go so far without extra help.”可知,應選C項。

　　4.A　推理判斷題。最后一段提到,紫外線、被污染的空氣以及人體自身都會產生自由基。而由第五段第一句“The key to...and match colors.”可知,攝入不同顏色的食物可以幫助我們抵抗自由基的形成,故A項不符合文意,選A項。

　　二、語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)

　　Dear fellow students,

　　May I have your attention,please?Now I’d like to make a speech here.1. we know,waste has become a common phenomenon on campus.Some pour the remains of a meal when there is still much 2.(leave);others simply walk away after washing hands,leaving the water 3.(run);students leave the classroom every day 4. noticing whether fans are switched off.Has thrift(節儉),one of the most national traditions 5. developed from our long history gone?6. so,find it back!?

　　We don’t have to take great pains to control waste,but actions and a grateful heart are needed;thank the water that runs through our fingers,and save it for poor Arabian or African countries struggling in water 7.(short);thank the light we enjoy,because children share a dim(昏暗的) lamp 8.(read) in poor areas;thank all the paper we are able to use,for trees are cut down to satisfy 9. needs;thank everything 10.(natural) can offer and everything we can own.?

　　Live and act,so the tradition of thrift will never fade.

　　1.As。As we know為固定搭配,意為“據我們所知”。

　　2.left。此處應用過去分詞作后置定語修飾much。

　　3.running。leave...doing sth.結構,表示“使……一直做某事”。

　　4.without。句意:學生離開教室而不注意電風扇是否已關。

　　5.that。先行詞traditions前有最高級修飾,故應該用that引導定語從句。

　　6.If。if so是省略表示法,指“如果這樣的話”。

　　7.shortage。water shortage為固定搭配,意為“缺水”。

　　8.to read。此處應用不定式作目的狀語。

　　9.our。此處意為“砍伐樹木來滿足我們的需要”。根據前后文中的we可知要用our。

　　10.nature。此處意為“感謝大自然恩賜的一切”,故填名詞nature。

　　Part B

　　一、完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)

　　I was a few years out of college when I took the postal exam and was hired in as a mail carrier.The Post Office　1　 each carrier with pepper spray as a defense against aggressive dogs.?

　　As time went on,I finally got a(n)　2　 of my own.It was a walking route in a middle class　3　.I had no dog problems,except for one.Ginger lived at the end of a street,my　4　 delivery before I rushed back to my truck.Nearly every warm day,she stood in front of her house,　5　 it and the mailbox.She always greeted me with rapid-fire　6　.?

　　In this case we would bring the mail back and　7　 it “dog out”.The owner would then have to　8　 to the post office to get the mail.But I knew the owner was a little　9　 lady,who lived alone.I didn’t have the heart to make her　10　 her mail in the post office.Besides,I wasn’t going to admit defeat to a ten pound ball of fur.　11　,each day Ginger was out,we would do our own pas de deux(雙人舞),until I had　12　 the mail in the box and hurried away.?

　　Then one day,I　13　 to try a new way.I borrowed a dog biscuit from a fellow carrier.When I threw it to Ginger,she eyed it　14　,as if I was trying to poison her.But,after I walked away,I turned back for a　15　,and there she was,tasting the　16　 cautiously!?

　　Every day after that,I took Ginger a treat.It wasn’t long　17　 she was greeting me with a full body　18　.We were friends.Now I’ve applied this　19　 to other areas in my life.I wonder sometimes if we each,as individuals and as societies,should not reach too　20　 for our pepper spray when we’d be better served to carry a pocket full of dog biscuits.?

　　1.A.donates B.supplies

　　C.decorates D.burdens

　　2.A.channel B.exit

　　C.route D.passage

　　3.A.neighborhood B.farmland

　　C.city D.village

　　4.A.first B.former

　　C.next D.last

　　5.A.preventing B.guarding

　　C.saving D.curing

　　6.A.smiling B.shouting

　　C.barking D.coughing

　　7.A.mark B.carve

　　C.miss D.signal

　　8.A.phone B.explain

　　C.reply D.go

　　9.A.young B.old

　　C.energetic D.healthy

　　10.A.put aside B.throw away

　　C.pick up D.hold out

　　11.A.Therefore B.However

　　C.Somehow D.Otherwise

　　12.A.caught B.touched

　　C.took D.placed

　　13.A.demanded B.decided

　　C.promised D.agreed

　　14.A.happily B.trustfully

　　C.doubtfully D.satisfyingly

　　15.A.look B.rest

　　C.chat D.wave

　　16.A.poison B.mail

　　C.spray D.treat

　　17.A.after B.before

　　C.since D.when

　　18.A.roll B.drop

　　C.wag D.push

　　19.A.technique B.behavior

　　C.instruction D.protection

　　20.A.slowly B.bravely

　　C.proudly D.quickly

　　【文章大意】本文為記敘文。作者是一位郵遞員,他每次給一位獨居的老太太送郵件時都會遭到兇犬的狂吠和追逐,但最終郵遞員和該犬成了好朋友,得以順利完成投遞工作。文章給我們的啟示是對無禮者也友善相待會收到意想不到的好結果。

　　1.B　郵局給每位郵遞員提供了辣椒噴劑,作為對兇犬的防備。donate“捐獻”;supply“提供,供給”;decorate“裝飾,裝潢”;burden“(使)擔負(任務、職責等)”。A項與介詞to搭配,另外三項均與with搭配,但只有B項符合文意。

　　2.C　由下文中的“a walking route”可知,此處表示“我”最終擁有了一條自己投送郵件的“路線”。channel“通道,海峽”;exit“出口,通道”;route“(送郵件、報紙、牛奶等的)固定路線”;passage“過道,走廊”。

　　3.A　由“middle class”可知答案為A項。neighborhood在此意為“居民區,街區,城區”;middle class neighborhood指“中產階層生活的社區”。

　　4.D　金吉就住在這條街的盡頭,是“我”遞送最后一批郵件的地方,然后“我”就匆忙趕回郵車前。根據“a walking route”和“rushed back to my truck”可知選擇D項。

　　5.B　在幾乎每個晴天里,它都會坐在房前,“守衛”著住宅和郵筒。prevent“阻止”;guard“守衛,守護”;save“挽救”;cure“治療”。B項符合句意。

　　6.C　她總是以連珠炮似的“吠叫”來招呼“我”。Ginger是一只犬,barking符合其行為特征。

　　7.A　在這種情況下,我們總是把郵件帶回去,并在上面標出“dog out”字樣。mark“標示,標出”;carve“雕刻”;miss“錯過”;signal“發出信號”。

　　8.D　然后,狗的主人不得不去郵局取回郵件。根據下文內容,尤其是“...to make her　10　 her mail in the post office.”可推知D項為正確答案。?

　　9.B　由下文“I didn’t have the heart to make her...”可推斷,狗的主人是一位老年人,故選擇B項。energetic“精力充沛的”;healthy“健康的”。

　　10.C　“我”不忍心讓她到郵局“取回”她的郵件。put aside“節省,保留”;throw away“扔掉,丟棄”;pick up“取回,收集”;hold out“伸出,堅持”。第三段第二句“...to the post office to get the mail.”暗示答案為C項。

　　11.A　上文提出的兩條理由(不忍心和不認輸)與下文構成因果關系,故選擇A項。therefore“因此,所以”;however“然而”;somehow“不知怎么地,莫名其妙”;otherwise“否則”。

　　12.D　所以,每次金吉守在室外的時候,“我”總是與它像跳雙人舞一樣地來回周旋,直到把郵件放進郵箱為止,然后匆匆離開。place在此為“放置”之意,等于put。

　　13.B　后來有一天,“我”決定嘗試一種新的做法。demand“要求”;decide“決定”;promise“允諾”;agree“同意”。B項符合句意。

　　14.C　由下文“...as if I was trying to poison her.”判斷,應選擇貶義色彩的C項。happily“快樂地”;trustfully“信任地”;doubtfully“懷疑地”;satisfyingly“令人滿意地”。