課時(shí)規(guī)范訓(xùn)練(單獨(dú)成冊(cè))

　　訓(xùn)練(四十六)

　　Ⅰ.閱讀理解

　　閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C、D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　A

　　When one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the English language，he should be able to notice a number of significant truths.The history of our language has always been a history of constant change—at times a slow，almost imperceptible change，at other times a violent collision between two languages.Our language has always been a living growing organism，it has never been static.Another significant truth that emerges from such a study is that language at all times has been the possession not of one class or group but of many.At one extreme it has been the property of the common，ignorant folk，who have used it in the daily business of their living，much as they have used their animals or the kitchen pots and pans.At the other extreme it has been the treasure of those who have respected it as an instrument and a sign of civilization，and who have struggled by writing it down to give it some permanence，order，dignity，and if possible，a little beauty.

　　As we consider our changing language，we should note here two developments that are of special and immediate importance to us.One is that since the time of the Anglo-Saxons there has been an almost complete reversal of the different devices for showing the relationship of words in a sentence.Anglo-Saxon (old English) was a language of many inflections.Modern English has few inflections.We must now depend largely on word order and function words to convey the meanings that the older language did by means of changes in the forms of words.Function words，you should understand，are words such as prepositions，conjunctions，and a few others that are used primarily to show relationships among other words.A few inflections，however，have survived.And when some word inflections come into conflict with word order，there may be trouble for the users of the language，as we shall see later when we turn our attention to such maters as WHO or WHOM and ME or I．The second fact we must consider is that as language itself changes，our attitudes toward language forms change also.

　　The eighteenth century，for example，produced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew，until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write.

　　【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要講述英語演變過程的一些特點(diǎn)，指出了古代英語與現(xiàn)代英語的不同，以及語言學(xué)家對(duì)待語言形成的態(tài)度的變化。

　　1．In contrast to the earlier linguists，modern linguists tend to

　　.

　　A．a(chǎn)ttempt to continue the standardization of the language

　　B．evaluate language practices in terms of current speech rather than standards or proper patterns

　　C．be more concerned about the improvement of the language than its analysis or history

　　D．be more aware of the rules of the language usage

　　解析：選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)家傾向于根據(jù)人們說和寫的方式評(píng)價(jià)語言實(shí)踐，而不是像早期的語言學(xué)家根據(jù)一定的模式評(píng)價(jià)語言。故選B。

　　2．Choose the appropriate meaning for the word “inflection” used in Paragraph 2.

　　A．Changes in the forms of words.

　　B．Changes in sentence structures.

　　C．Changes in spelling rules.

　　D．Words that have similar meanings.

　　解析：選A。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中的“A few inflections，however，have survived.”以及后面列舉的“WHO/WHOM”和“ME/I”為例說明inflection，由此可以看出inflection的意思應(yīng)該是“單詞的變形”。故選A。

　　3．Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage?

　　A．It is generally believed that the year 1500 can be set as the beginning of the modern English language.

　　B．Some other languages had great influence on the English language at some stages of its development.

　　C．The English language has been and still in a state of relatively constant change.

　　D．Many classes or groups have contributed to the development of the English language.

　　解析：選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。選項(xiàng)A“普遍認(rèn)為1500年是現(xiàn)代英語的起點(diǎn)”在文中沒有提及，故為正確答案。

　　4．The author of these paragraphs is probable a(an)

　　A．historian B．philosopher

　　C．a(chǎn)nthropologist D．linguist

　　解析：選D。詞匯推斷題。文章講述的是英語語言演進(jìn)的具體細(xì)節(jié)，D項(xiàng)“作者很可能是一位語言學(xué)家”符合題意。

　　5．Which of the following can be best used as the title of the passage?

　　A．The history of the English language

　　B．Our changing attitude towards the English language

　　C．Our changing language

　　D．Some characteristics of modern English

　　解析：選C。主旨大意題。本文從各個(gè)方面談及英語作為一種語言的發(fā)展變化，但并不是講述英語的歷史，所以選項(xiàng)A不對(duì)；選項(xiàng)B只是文章闡述的一個(gè)方面，不夠全面；文章是在談到英語的不斷變化的時(shí)候談到了現(xiàn)代英語的一些特點(diǎn)，所以選項(xiàng)D也只是闡述的一個(gè)方面。故選C。

　　B

　　If English means endless new words，difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation，you are wrong.Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language?

　　According to a new study by a British university，learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power.Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter ((中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的)灰白質(zhì))．This is the area of the brain which processes (加工，處理) information.It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.

　　The study also found the effect is greater when the younger people learn a second language.

　　A team led by Dr Andrea Mechelli，from University College London，took a group of Britons who only spoke English.They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals ” who had learnt a second language before the age of five，as well as a number of later learners.

　　Scans showed that grey matter density(密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language.But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language，the smaller the difference.

　　“Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language，” said the scientists.

　　It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.

　　Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills.“Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible，” he said.“You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.”

　　The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of 2 and 34.Reading，writing，and comprehension were all tested.The results showed that the younger they started to learn，the better.“Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world，” explained the scientists.

　　【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文，屬于科普類短文閱讀。學(xué)英語是一件很枯燥乏味的事情嗎？英語不僅僅代表了單詞。近日研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，學(xué)習(xí)外語可以幫助人們更聰明，就像鍛煉會(huì)促進(jìn)肌肉的生長一樣。

　　6．In the second paragraph，the writer mentions “exercise” in order to

　　A．say language is also a kind of physical labour

　　B．prove that one needs more practice when he or she is learning a language

　　C．make people believe language learning helps grey matter work well

　　D．to show the importance of using the language when you learn it.

　　解析：選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。學(xué)習(xí)外語讓腦灰質(zhì)變得更好，就如同鍛煉讓肌肉發(fā)育一樣。此處采用比較的方法進(jìn)行講述。

　　7．What change can we

　　get during the experience of learning a second language?

　　A．The increase of the ability to learn.

　　B．The development of muscles.

　　C．The improvement of strange pronunciation.

　　D．A worse understanding of different ideas.

　　解析：選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.”可知，學(xué)習(xí)二外可以增強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)能力。

　　8．We may know from the scientific findings that

　　A．there is no difference between a later second language learner and one who doesn’t know a second language

　　B．the experience of learning a second language has a bad effect on people’s brain

　　C．the ability of learning a second language is changing all the time

　　D．the earlier you start to learn a second language，the higher the grey matter density is

　　解析：選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“The study also found...the younger people learn a second language.”可知，越早學(xué)習(xí)了外語就越會(huì)受益。

　　9．In the last two paragraphs，the author wants to tell us that

　　A．learning a second language is the same as studying maths

　　B．Italian is the best choice for you as a second language

　　C．early learning of a second language helps you a great deal in studying other subjects

　　D．you’d better start to learn a second language between 2 and 34

　　解析：選C。推理判斷題。文章后兩段講了學(xué)習(xí)外語讓你的腦子更聰明，因此在其他許多事情上顯得更加得心應(yīng)手。

　　Ⅱ.語法填空

　　閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

　　Learning to speak English well may be the best thing you can do to improve your life.That’s right.Almost all international conferences and competitions 1.

　　(conduct) in English.Diplomats (外交官) and politicians from different countries use English to communicate with each other.If you can communicate in English，you can：

　　Contact people from all over the world.Talk about your ideas and opinions on the Internet.Send e-mails 2.

　　interesting people.Learn about their life and culture.

　　Travel more easily.Communicate with people in the place 3.

　　you go—English is spoken in more than 100 countries.Introduce yourself，have 4.

　　conversation，or ask for help.

　　Push your career forward.If you want a good job in business，technology，or science，get out of the armchair and start 5.

　　(learn) English now!

　　Knowing English will let you：

　　Gain technical knowledge.English is the language of technology，6.

　　(especial) high technology like computer science，genetics (遺傳學(xué))，and medicine.7.

　　you’re going to read about technology，you’ll probably have to do it in English.

　　Be a world-class business person.It’s simple.International business is done in English.And all business today is international.8.

　　if you want to play，you have to know English—to contact other business persons，go to conferences，read international business newspapers and magazines，etc.

　　Use your computer more effectively.Most computer 9.

　　(application) are in English，so you will understand 10.

　　(they) better if you know English.【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文。學(xué)好英語也許是改變?nèi)松淖罴逊绞健Ｓ⒄Z的地位尤其重要，幾乎所有的國際會(huì)議和賽事都是用英語舉行的。來自世界各地的外交官和政治家都使用英語互相交流。學(xué)好英語到底有什么好處呢？

　　1．a(chǎn)re conducted。考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境分析，conduct與本句中的主語“all international conferences and competitions”是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；又因?yàn)樵摼湔f的是一般的情況，主語是復(fù)數(shù)概念，故填一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，即are conducted。

　　2．to。考查固定短語中的介詞。send sth.to sb.“把某物送給某人”。

　　3．where。考查關(guān)系副詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為定語從句，先行詞為“the place”，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語，故用where。

　　4．a(chǎn)。考查冠詞。have a conversation“談話”。

　　5．learning/to learn。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。start doing/to do sth.“開始做某事”。

　　6．especially。考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。由下文的“high technology”可知，此處應(yīng)用副詞表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，故用形容詞especial的副詞形式especially。

　　7．If。考查連詞。根據(jù)語境及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是條件關(guān)系，且位于句首，故用If。

　　8．So。考查并列連詞。根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系可知，此句與上一句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系，故填so，且首字母要大寫。

　　9．a(chǎn)pplications。考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)上下文語境并結(jié)合句中的Most和are可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。application“應(yīng)用程序，應(yīng)用軟件”。

　　10．them。考查代詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)用them指代上文的“computer applications”。

　　Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò)

　　假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

　　增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

　　刪除：把多余的詞用斜線()劃掉。

　　修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

　　注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

　　2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。

　　About 70 million American are trying to lose weight.That's almost one out of three in United States.Some ate less of certain foods，especial fat and sugar.

　　Others exercise，take medicine or even have operations.Losing a weight is not easy，and it can also cost lots of money.And why do many people in the US want lose weight？Many people worry for not looking young and pretty.Other people worry about health.Many doctors say putting on too much weight are not healthy.Almost 30 million people weigh at least 20 percent much than their usual weight.

　　答案：

　　About 70 million

　　are trying to lose weight.That's almost one out of three in

　　United States.Some

　　less of certain foods， fat and sugar.

　　Others exercise，take medicine or even have operations.Losing

　　a[KG*3] weight is not easy，and it can also cost lots of money. why do many people in the US want

　　lose weight？Many people worry

　　not looking young and pretty.Other people worry about health.Many doctors say putting on too much weight

　　not healthy.Almost 30 million people weigh at least 20 percent

　　than their usual weight.

　　Ⅳ.小寫作

　　【寫作素材】

　　1．李華學(xué)習(xí)用功，好奇心強(qiáng)，每天放學(xué)后就開始學(xué)習(xí)。(curiosity; get down to)

　　2．因此，他每次都考第一。(as a consequence)

　????3．而且他是一個(gè)很有禮貌的學(xué)生。(good manners)

??????? 4．他將自己在學(xué)習(xí)上取得的巨大進(jìn)步歸功于父母和老師。(owe to; remarkable)

　　5．他相信，只要努力了，就不會(huì)讓他們失望。(convinced; as long as; let down)

　　6．難怪大家都喜歡他。(no wonder)

　　One possible version：

　　Li Hua，full of curiosity，studies hard and gets down to learning every day after school.As a consequence，he always gets first in exams.Besides，he is a student with good manners.He owes his remarkable progress in study to his teachers and parents.He is convinced that as long as he tries his best，he won’t let them down.No wonder he is popular with others.