第一部分　選修八　Module

　　1-2

　　Ⅰ.閱讀理解

　　(2024·內蒙古包頭一中三模)

　　Electric cars are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be more dirty than their gasoline-powered cousins.

　　People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions (排放) vehicles”， but people in California seem to be_clueless about where electricity comes from. Power plants mostly use fire to make it. Aside from the few folks who have their roofs covered with solar ceils, we get our electricity from generators (發電機). Generators are fueled by something—usually coal, oil, and also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal (地熱的) plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.

　　In other words, those “zero-emissions” cars are likely coal-burning cars. It's just because the coal is burned somewhere else, so it looks clean. It is not. It's as if the California greens are covering their eyes—“If I can't see it, it's not happening.” Gasoline is an unbelievably efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas [or another fuel] and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heat—at the generator, through the transmission lines, etc.

　　A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won't get you nearly as far—so electric cars burn more fuel than gas-powered ones. If our electricity came mostly from geothermal, or hydro, or solar, or wind, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we don't use much of those energy sources.

　　In addition, electric cars' batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill (垃圾) and finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. When it's a power plant, though, all the junk is in one place. Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.

　　語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章闡述了電能汽車并不環保。

　　1．What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A．Electric cars are not clean at all.

　　B．Electric cars are better than gasoline-powered ones.

　　C．People have doubts about electric cars' batteries.

　　D．Gasoline is an effective way to power a vehicle.

　　答案：A　主旨大意題。第一段指明了本文主旨“電能汽車并不清潔”，隨后的幾段都是通過各種證據來證明這一論點的。故選A項。

　　2．The underlined words “be clueless” mean ________.

　　A．know nothing

　　B．have confidence

　　C．feel excited

　　D．be pleased

　　答案：A　詞義猜測題。句意為：加利福尼亞州的人們喜歡談論“零排放車輛”，但是他們好像并不清楚電能的來源。故選A項。

　　3．The electricity we get from a gallon of gas may make our car run ________.

　　A．not less than 25 miles

　　B．as far as 50 miles

　　C．as far as 25 miles

　　D．not more than 25 miles

　　答案：D　推理判斷題。根據第四段第一、二句“A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won't get you nearly as far...”可知，同樣用一加侖的汽油，電能汽車所行駛的路程比不上燃油汽車行駛的路程遠，即不超過25英里。故選D項。

　　4．According to the passage, electric cars ________.

　　A．are more environmentally friendly

　　B．burn more fuel than gas-powered ones

　　C．are very good at cleaning up

　　D．are poisonous for a long time

　　答案：B　細節理解題。根據第四段第二句中的“...so electric cars burn more fuel than gas-powered ones.”可知，電能汽車比燃油汽車消耗更多的能源。故選B項。

　　Ⅱ.七選五

　　根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

　　(2024·太原市高三二模)

　　iPads vs. Textbooks

　　What if you could have your whole backpack at the touch of your fingertips? In the first month of the Apple iPads release, 25million were sold! People all over the world use iPads for all sorts of different things, but one of their finest qualities is the ability to be a textbook. __1__

　　To begin with, iPad are less expensive. Textbooks become outdated and schools have to buy new books, but with an iPad schools can update them for free. __2__ Schools don't have to spend $500 every year for iPads because they last a while and can be updated.

　　__3__ Students usually have multiple classes, which results in multiple textbooks. Heavy backpacks filled with books can cause back problem. A solution to that is an iPad, which only weighs 1.33 pounds and can hold all of a student's textbooks.

　　Third, schools should get rid of their textbooks and get iPads because they have more capabilities. Some might think all of the apps are distracting, but the apps actually make iPads more efficient. __4__ Textbooks cannot do those tasks, but iPads can easily do them with just a tap of the fingertip.Lastly, iPads are a better choice for schools instead of textbooks because these devices allow students to access their learning anywhere at any time. __5__ With iPads, they find it easier to get their homework done.

　　In conclusion, schools should get rid of their clumsy textbooks and switch to iPads. iPads have allowed this generation to have their entire backpack in the palm of their hands.

　　A．These tablets are perfect for busy students.

　　B．Second, iPads cost less and are more popular.

　　C．Therefore, they can use the saved money for other programs.

　　D．iPads have already replaced textbooks in over 600 American counties.

　　E．Moreover, in high school, textbooks have an average of 4.8 pounds each.

　　F．Schools have every reason to do away with their school books and switch to iPads.

　　G．iPads absorb the need to buy calculators, dictionaries, and other items that are found within the device.

　　語篇解讀：本文主要以電子產品ipad為話題，對比傳統教科書，說明了學校應該用ipad替代textbooks的原因。

　　1．F　本段為主題段，總結下文的五段可知此句是本文的主題句；do away with their school books 表示拋棄傳統教科書；switch to ipads 表示要用iPad，可知答案選F。

　　2．C　根據前句說iPad的優點是可以免費更新；此句承接上句，選項C中用saved money，可知答案選C。

　　3．E　此題容易錯選成B; 但是，根據本段的主題是說iPad的重量輕，便于攜帶。故答案選E。

　　4．G　根據前句的關鍵詞apps，可以替換選項中的calculators ，dictionaries, and other items。可知答案選G。

　　5．A　根據前后句邏輯關系，可知前后句表示并列；是說讓學習變得更容易。由此可知答案選A。

　　Ⅲ.完形填空

　　My daughter is a single parent. She works hard to __1__ for herself and her three young sons. She budgets carefully and __2__ to plan for the little luxuries (奢侈品) and treats that others take for granted. When her eldest son, David, wanted a __3__ so that he could do an after-school newspaper delivery job, she __4__ and soon, he was the proud __5__ of a good second-hand bike.

　　One afternoon, my daughter asked David to go to a local shop. He rode his bicycle, __6__ foolishly left it outside the shop without __7__

　　it up. When David came out of the shop, it was __8__. He walked home in __9__ and then, together with his frustrated mother, went to the local police station to report the __10__.

　　Imagine their __11__ when they arrived at the station: a car parked out front had David's bike wedged (擠進) in its boot (汽車后部的行李箱). The __12__ told them how he'd seen a group of kids __13__ the bike once my grandson had gone inside the shop.

　　The driver-in his late teens himself-had called out to them to “leave that bike __14__！” Despite this, one member of the group __15__ on the bicycle and rode it away while the others followed. Not to be __16__， the teen got in his car, drove after them and __17__ that they give the stolen bike back.

　　He was happy to be able to __18__ it to my grandson together with a lecture (echoed by the policeman and his mother) about the silliness of __19__ to use the bike lock. __20__， in all the excitement, he slipped away, without even giving them his name or telephone number.

　　1．A.stand B．provide

　　C．change D．watch

　　答案：B　根據首句提到的作者女兒是個單親母親可推知她必須撫養自己和她的三個孩子，故選B，provide for“撫養”； stand for“代表”；watch for“守候，注意”。

　　2．A.permits

　　B．refuses

　　C．manages

　　D．decides

　　答案：C　根據空前面的“She budgets carefully”以及下文她為孩子買自行車的事可知她認真預算，設法買一些其他人想當然就能得到的小奢侈品。manage to do sth“設法做某事”；permit to do sth“允許做某事”；refuse to do sth“拒絕做某事”。

　　3．A.bicycle

　　B．watch

　　C．phone

　　D．backpack

　　答案：A　由下文“he was the proud __5__ of a good second-hand bike.”可知她兒子想要得到一輛自行車。

　　4．A.gave out

　　B．set aside

　　C．saved up

　　D．worked up

　　答案：C　根據上下文可知這里表示她積攢了錢給孩子買自行車，故選C。set aside表示“留出，留作……之用”，表示“留出錢備用”必須說set money aside。

　　5．A.driver

　　B．worker

　　C．seller

　　D．owner

　　答案：D　這里對應上文的“When her eldest son, David, wanted a __3__”，David從期盼擁有自行車到真正擁有自行車，故答案為D。owner“所有者”。

　　6．A.and B．but

　　C．so

　　D．when

　　答案：B　他騎自行車前往商店，但是忘了鎖車，前后句之間是轉折關系，故選B。

　　7．A.locking B．picking

　　C．covering

　　D．hiding

　　答案：A　從下文“He walked home in __9__”和“a lecture ... about the silliness of __19__ to use the bike lock”可知他忘了給自行車上鎖，導致自行車被盜。

　　8．A.left B．missed

　　C．broken D．gone

　　答案：D　從下文“He walked home in __9__”和“a lecture ... about the silliness of __19__ to use the bike lock”可知他忘了給自行車上鎖，導致自行車被盜。

　　9．A.surprise B．trouble

　　C．tears

　　D．peace

　　答案：C　上文提到他好不容易得到這輛自行車，卻不小心弄丟了，所以他回家當然心情沮喪，只有C項符合語境。in tears“流淚”；in trouble“處于困境中”；in peace“平靜地”。

　　10．A.danger B．theft

　　C．accident

　　D．fight

　　答案：B　由上文以及下文的“the teen got in his car, drove after them and __17__ that they give the stolen bike back”可知他們母子倆是去警察局報告這次自行車被盜事件，故選B，theft“盜竊案”。

　　11．A.joy B．regret

　　C．anger

　　D．disappointment

　　答案：A　由下文“a car parked out front had David's bike wedged in its boot”可知當他們看到自己丟失的自行車就停在警察局前，自然非常高興，故選A。

　　12．A.policeman B．manager

　　C．teacher

　　D．driver

　　答案：D　一輛小車停靠在警察局前，后備箱里還裝著David的自行車，上前解釋怎么回事的當然是該小車的司機了，故選D。

　　13．A.ride B．fix

　　C．steal

　　D．knock

　　答案：C　由“__17__ that they give the stolen bike back”可知作者外孫進入商店后，有一群孩子在偷盜他的自行車。

　　14．A.out B．off

　　C．away

　　D．alone

　　答案： D　leave sth alone表示“把……獨自留在那兒”。這位司機看到有人偷自行車，所以大喊，“別動那自行車”，D符合語境。

　　15．A.jumped B．touched

　　C．walked

　　D．moved

　　答案： A　由下文的“rode it away”可知有一個人跳上(jump)了自行車，把它騎走了。

　　16．A.annoyed

　　B．angry

　　C．confused

　　D．discouraged

　　答案：D　由下文可知，眼看著自行車被人偷走了，雖然前面干涉無效，這位司機也不泄氣，開車繼續追，故選D。

　　17．A.advised

　　B．demanded

　　C．forced

　　D．promised

　　答案：B　這名司機開車去追偷自行車的人，并________他們把自行車退回來。advise“建議”；demand“命令”；force“強迫”；promise“允諾，答應”。根據語境可知B為最佳選項。force后通常不接that從句，常見搭配為force sb to do sth。

　　18．A.donate

　　B．explain

　　C．return

　　D．pass

　　答案：C　根據上下文可知這名司機很高興能物歸原主，故選C。

　　19．A.learning

　　B．teaching

　　C．reminding

　　D．failing

　　答案：D　上文提到作者的外孫忘記鎖自行車才導致自行車被盜，所以這里指沒有給自行車上鎖，fail在此表示“忘記，疏忽”。

　　20．A.Besides

　　B．Then

　　C．Finally

　　D．Therefore

　　答案：B　根據此空前后兩句的邏輯關系，可知這里表示時間上的順承關系，司機說完他覺得該說的，就溜走了，故選B。

　　Ⅳ.語法填空

　　閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。

　　(2024·山東淄博一模)

　　A Thanksgiving Day story in the newspaper told of a school teacher who asked her class of first graders to draw a picture of something they were thankful for. She thought of how little these children from poor neighborhood __1__(actual) had to be thankful for. But she knew that most of them would draw pictures of turkeys or tables full __2__ food. The teacher was surprised with the picture Douglas handed in—a small childishly hand!

　　But whose hand? The class was __3__(puzzle) by the abstract drawing.“I think it must be the hand of God __4__ brings us food，” said one child.“A farmer，” said another，“because he __5__(feed) the turkeys.” Finally, when the others were at work, the teacher __6__ (bend)over at Douglas' desk and asked whose hand it was. “It's your hand，Teacher，” he said in a low voice.

　　She remembered that frequently at break she had taken Douglas, a small lonely child, by __7__ hand. She often did that with the __8__(child). But it meant so much to Douglas. Perhaps this was everyone's Thanks-giving，not for the material things __9__(give) to us but for the chance，in whatever small way, __10__(give) to others.