第9講 狀語從句（要點透析）狀語從句

　　狀語從句是一個句子充當另一個句子的狀語，表示主句動作發生的時間、條件、原因、方式、結果、目的等等。狀語從句是歷年高考題的重點、難點。命題一般是考查學生連詞的掌握情況，根據兩個句子的意思，判斷兩個句子之間的邏輯關系，選擇合適的連詞。常見的狀語從句有九大類。

　　一、時間狀語從句

　　1．when, as與while表示時間

　　when既可表示“一段時間”(與持續性動詞連用)，又可表示“時間點”(與瞬間動詞連用)；when可作并列連詞，意為“這(那)時”。while只表示“一段時間”，只與持續性動詞連用，while可表示對比轉折，有“然而”之意。

　　as用法同when相似，但側重主句和從句動作發生的同時性，可譯作“隨著”，“一邊……一邊……”。

　　I fell asleep when/as/while he was doing his exercises.

　　When/As he arrived in Shanghai, she met him at the station.

　　I was about to go out when it began to rain.

　　I like tea while she likes coffee.

　　As spring warms the earth, all flowers begin to bloom.

　　2. before 引導的從句中謂語動詞不可用否定式，意為“在……之前；還沒來得及；……(之后)才……”

　　I had felt hungry before I arrived home.

　　我還沒到家就覺得餓了。(在到家之前覺得餓)

　　She left the office before I could say sorry to her.

　　我還沒來得及向她道歉，她就離開了辦公室。(在我能夠說抱歉之前，她就離開了辦公室)

　　It was a long time before I got to sleep again.

　　很長時間以后我才又睡著了。

　　3. since 從句中的動詞不同，起算的時間也不同。since＋瞬間動詞的過去式，從該動作發生時算起；since＋持續性動詞的過去式，從該動作結束時算起。

　　He had worked hard since entered the factory.(enter為瞬間動詞，從他入廠以來)

　　We haven't seen each other since I worked in the factory.(work為持續性動詞，從我不在工廠以來……)

　　4．till/until 用于肯定句時，須和持續性動詞連用，表示“直到……為止”，用于否定句時和瞬間動詞連用，表示“直到……才”。till 與until句型在多數情況下可通用。但在句首時不可用till；在It is/was not until…that … 強調句型中及not until放句首時，一般不可用till。

　　I worked till/until he came back.

　　He didn't

　　go to bed until/till eleven o'clock.

　　It was not until I came back that he went to bed.

　　Not until then did I realize the importance of learning English.

　　5．as soon as/ immediately/ the moment/the minute/ the second 表示“一……就……”

　　She gave a ring to her parents immediately she landed in Japan.

　　6．no sooner…than…/ hardly…when…剛……就…… (注意：主句時態用had done；從句用did)

　　She had no sooner left the office than the telephone rang.

　　We had no sooner had supper than we began to repair the machine.

　　→No sooner had we had supper than we began to repair the machine.

　　7．every time 每當，每次；the first time 第一次……時候，next time 下次……時。

　　Every time I see the film, I can't help recalling my childhood in the countryside.

　　Call me earlier next time you come to Shanghai.

　　二、條件狀語從句

　　常見連詞：if(如果)/ unless(除非)/ once(一旦)/ as(so) long as(只要)/ on condition that(條件是)/provided/ providing that(假若)/suppose/ supposing that(倘若)

　　Suppose/Supposing(that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?

　　三、原因狀語從句

　　1．because, since和as 表示的語氣強弱不同。

　　because 表示直接原因，語氣最強；since表示顯然的或已知的理由或事實，常譯成“既然”；as用于說明原因，語氣較弱，著重點在主句，常譯成“由于”。

　　注意下列情況下只用because：

　　①回答why的問題時

　　②用作表語從句時

　　③在強調句中強調原因時

　　④連詞前有only, just, simply等修飾時。

　　2．for 是并列連詞，引導的句子表示一種推理或解釋，或附加說明。一般不能置于句首。for表示因果關系時，可與because互換，但for前須用逗號。

　　It may have rained last night, for the ground is wet.

　　3. now that 與since/as同義， 通常表示用新出現的情況作為原因。

　　Now that you feel sick, you can have a rest in bed.

　　4. when既然……(有輕微的責備口吻)

　　Why do you want to find a new job when you have a good job already?

　　How can I help them when they never listen to me?

　　5. in that－從句“在于……”

　　His request is unreasonable in that he knows we can't afford it.

　　四、結果狀語從句

　　常見連詞：so that…/so…that…/such…that…“如此……以至于……”。要牢記下面的幾個句型。

　　1. …so ＋ adj./ adv.＋ that…

　　The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.

　　2. So＋adj.＋a/an ＋ n. ＋that…

　　She is so beautiful a girl that all the boys of our class like her.

　　3. So＋many/few/much/little(少) ＋ n．(不可數名詞或可數名詞復數)that…

　　There is so little water that you can't drink.

　　4. …such＋a/an ＋adj.＋ n．＋ that…

　　She is such a good girl that she can help you.

　　5. Such＋adj.＋ n．(不可數名詞或可數名詞復數)＋that…

　　They are such lovely children.

　　【注意】that 后面必須跟上完整的句子，即必須要有完整的主語、謂語、賓語。

　　五、目的狀語從句

　　1. so that/ in order that ＋從句 ( 從句用can/could/ may/ might ＋ 動詞原形)為了……

　　We got up early in order that we could catch the first bus.

　　2．for fear that/lest/in case that＋ 從句(從句可以用虛擬語氣，即should＋動詞原形)以防/萬一發生……

　　We got up early for fear that/lest/in case that we should miss the first bus.

　　六、地點狀語從句

　　1. where 在…… 地方＝ in the place where/ in the place in which

　　Make a mark where you have problems.

　　She lives where her grandparents lived 30 years ago.

　　2. wherever 無論在……地方＝ no matter where

　　I will find him wherever he may be.

　　Wherever the film star goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.

　　七、讓步狀語從句

　　1. although/ though/ while 雖然；盡管

　　Although he is rich, he never wastes a coin.

　　2. as 句型

　　(1)表語(形容詞/名詞)＋ as/though ＋ 主語＋ 系動詞，主句。

　　Old as my father is, he keeps up with his English study.

　　【注意】名詞前不加任何冠詞。

　　Child as he is, he knows something of electricity.

　　Rich man as he is, he works hard.

　　(2)副詞＋ as/though＋主語＋謂語動詞，主句。

　　Hard as he worked, he failed.

　　Much as I have traveled, I've never seen a man as capable as Tom.

　　(3)動詞原形 ＋as/though ＋ 主語＋ might/may, 主句。

　　Try as he might, Tom could not get out of the difficulty.

　　3. even if/ even though(有一定的假設意味)即使， 縱然

　　Even if it snows tomorrow, we shall still go on business.

　　4. No matter how/ what/ where/ who…， 無論怎么/ 什么/ 哪里/ 誰……

　　【注意】 no matter 必須和特殊疑問詞連用。

　　5.whoever/whatever/whichever/wherever/whenever/how-ever引導讓步狀語從句，意思是“無論……”，可與“no matter＋疑問詞“替換”。

　　6. whether…or…無論是否……

　　Whether you go or not tomorrow, we will go outing.

　　八、方式狀語從句

　　1. as if/though ＋ 從句(從句的虛擬語氣與wish 后的賓語從句虛擬語氣類似)，意為“仿佛，好像”。

　　She speaks English as though she were a native of New York.

　　2. as 正如

　　Do the experiment as I told you just now.

　　As is known to all, China is becoming stronger and stronger.

　　Leave the door as it is.

　　九、比較狀語從句

　　1. as…as 和…一樣…

　　She is as tall as her mother.

　　She has as nice a bag as her mother does.

　　Chinese is as beautiful a language as English.

　　2. not as/ so…as …不如…一樣…； 不和…一樣…

　　She is not as healthy as her sister.

　　They didn't come to school as early as we.

　　3. than 比…

　　The boy is taller than his father.

　　9講 狀語從句（考點突破）() 1. It' s quite a time ______ Yao Ming got injured, but it won't be long ______ he returns to the court. (2010·河北冀州市中學高三仿真考試)

　　A. since; before

　　B. after; when

　　C. before; since

　　D. that; when

　　() 2. How can you expect him to make any progress ______ you never give him a chance to have a try？(2010·江西九江一中高三適應性考試)

　　A. when

　　B. unless

　　C. even though

　　D. until

　　【解析】

　　1. A　本題考查了兩個固定結構：It is/has been＋一段時間＋since引導的時間狀語從句(自從做某事已經有多長時間了)；It will be/is/was＋一段時間＋before(多久之后才……， before引導時間狀語從句)。

　　2. A　本題句意為：在你不給他機會試一試的情況下，你怎能期望他有進步？unless除非，不符合句意。when表示條件，故答案為A。

　　() 3. Put the book back to the same place ______ you found it after finishing reading.(2010·四川棠湖中學高三適應訓練)

　　A. where

　　B. that

　　C. as

　　D. which

　　() 4. — Will you tell the secret to Tom?

　　— No way! ______ I'm asked to.(2010·北京市101中學高三適應性訓練)

　　A. Unless

　　B. When

　　C. Until

　　D. Even though

　　【解析】

　　3. A　此處關系副詞where引導定語從句，代替先行詞the same place, 在定語從句中作地點狀語。

　　4. D　答語意思是：不可能的，即使叫我告訴他，我也不會。even though 即使，引導讓步狀語從句，其他三項都不符合句意，故選D。

　　() 5. Don't put too much pressure on yourself. ______ you keep trying, you will achieve your goals in the future.

　　(2011·湖南長郡中學高三分班考試)

　　A. In case

　　B. Even though

　　C. As long as

　　D. As soon as

　　() 6. ______ unemployment and crime is high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.

　　(2010·上海市各區一模語法錯題精選)

　　A. Before

　　B. Where

　　C. Unless

　　D. Until

　　【解析】

　　5. C　in case 以防，以免；even though 即使； as long as表示條件，只要；as soon as 表示時間“一……就……”，根據句意選C。

　　6. B　where引導一個地點狀語從句，意思是“在失業和犯罪多的地方，可以這樣認為：后者是因為前者造成的”

　　() 7. — The current international financial crisis is affecting most countries in the world.

　　— Would it be at least several years ______ everything returns to normal? (2011·寧夏銀川二中高三月練)

　　A. when

　　B. that C. since

　　D. before

　　() 8. What an unforgettable experience! I'll write it down ______ it is still fresh in my memory.(2011·四川成都市三校高三9月聯考)

　　A. since

　　B. while C. after

　　D. until

　　【解析】

　　7. D　本題為句式考查。It is/has been＋一段時間＋since(做某事已經多長時間)；It will be/is/was＋一段時間＋before(多久之后才……)；It is/was ＋時間點＋when(做某事是什么時候)；It is/was＋被強調部分＋that其他部分(強調結構)。根據句意選D。

　　8. B　本句的意思是：在我記憶猶新的時候，把它記下來。while后面只能跟延續性動作，在……期間，趁……，故選B。經典句式：Strike the iron while it is hot。

　　() 9. If you want to learn English well, it is not half so important to know some grammatical rules ______ it is to have more practice.(2010·上海市各區一模語法錯題精選)

　　A. so

　　B. as

　　C. since

　　D. that

　　()10. You'll find it hard to get rid of the drug habit ______ you have it. (2011·云南昆明一中高三第一次月考)

　　A. before

　　B. once

　　C. until

　　D. though

　　【解析】

　　9. B　本題考查了not so /as important as…結構，不如……。本句改為 to know some grammatical rules is not half so important as to have more practice，則更好理解。

　　10. B　before 在……之前； once 一旦，如果； until 直到； though 盡管， 根據句意選B。

　　()11. I found her nice and honest ______ I saw her.(2011·江西南昌一中高三月考)

　　A. for the first time

　　B. the first time

　　C. on the first time

　　D. at first

　　()12. — I wonder how much you charge for your services.

　　— The first two are free ______ the third costs $30.(2011·安徽亳州一中高三第一次月考)

　　A. while

　　B. until C. when

　　D. before

　　【解析】

　　11. B　the first time名詞詞組引導一個時間狀語從句，意為：第一次……就……。for the first time作時間狀語，意為：第一次；at first 起初，最初。故選B。

　　12. A　while引導比較狀語從句，表示前后兩種情況的對比，其他三項都不符合句意，故選A。

　　()13. We should keep an open mind about some strange old wives tales, ______ they do have some truth in them.

　　(2011·安徽皖南八校高三摸底聯考)

　　A. and

　　B. so

　　C. because

　　D. until

　　()14. We'd better set off, or it will be dark ______ we know it.

　　A. before

　　B. after

　　C. when

　　D. until

　　【解析】

　　13. C　根據句意可知they do have some truth in them是主句的原因，故選C。