【譯林湖南版】2011高考英語一輪復習提能訓練

　　Module 1

　　Unit 2　Growing painsⅠ.填詞

　　Hair is one of the commonest parts of the body and something that is given a lot of attention.You’ve had it since birth and you take care of it every day.But how much do you know about your hair?

　　The average head of hair is made up of 120,000 strands(根)，each of which has a life expectancy of about three years.While some hairs are growing，others are resting，and others are falling out.

　　A hair is made up of two parts：the shaft(發絲)and the root.The shaft is a visible (or：seen) part.It has a complex structure.The root is the living part of the hair.It is here where cells develop and form the shaft.It also has a very complex structure.

　　Every day a normal head of about 120,000 hairs will lose between 50 and 100 hairs—or 30,000 hairs per year.Hair dies，falls out，and grows again.The life cycle is made up of three stages.First，a long and active growth period that lasts about three years—the hair grows.Second，a very short transition(過渡)period that lasts about three weeks，during which time the hair is inactive—the hair follicle shrinks.Third，a resting period of about three months—at the end of this period the hair is pushed out and lost.This cycle runs constantly throughout life.

　　A hair grows from 1 to 1.5 cm each month and its usual life expectancy is about three years.So very long hair is rarely seen.However，there are some people who do grow long hair.

　　The most common form of hair loss does not come from disease.In fact we can almost say it is a secondary sexual characteristic.It is called androgenetic alopecia(also known as pattern baldness)and results from a combination of genetic and hormonal(荷爾蒙的)factors.

　　There are two sorts of melanin(黑色素)present in all types of hair，in different proportions.These make it possible to get the different shades of color—blonde(or golden)，brown or red.

　　Title：__1__

　　Ⅱ.簡答題

　　Some scientists say that the world’s oceans are slowly getting more acidic(酸)．

　　According to the researchers from California，the change is taking place due to higher levels of carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)in the air，whether you noticed it or not.

　　The lowering of the water’s PH value is not great at the moment but could make the living things in the sea in great danger if it continues，they warn.

　　Ken Caldeira and Michael Wickett，from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory，report their worries in the journal Nature.

　　Increasing use of petrol causes more carbon dioxide to go into the air，and most of it will eventually go to the seawater.Once in the air，it reacts to form a chemical to make the seawater acidic.Scientists believe that the oceans have already become a little more acidic over the last century.But these researchers have tried to work out what will happen in the future by analyzing what we know about the history of the oceans with computer models of climate change.

　　“This level of acidity will increase in the future if we continue letting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，”said Dr.Caldeira.

　　It is not totally clear what that means for living things in the sea，however.There are still some conclusions we can draw.

　　Most living things live near the surface，where the greatest PH change would be expected to occur，but deepocean life forms may be more sensitive to PH changes.

　　Coral reefs and other organisms may be particularly affected，the scientists believe.The acid in the seawater will react on their shells.It could be much more difficult to build the shells in water with a lower PH.

　　In recent years，some people have suggested storing carbon dioxide in the deep ocean as a way of solving the problem of global warming(全球變暖)．

　　But Dr.Caldeira said the way should now be reconsidered.

　　“Decades ago，most experts had thought that it was good for the carbon dioxide to go to the sea—because when letting carbon dioxide into the air we warm the earth；and when carbon dioxide goes to the sea，it reduces the amount of greenhouse effect(溫室效應)．”

　　Now scientists might be in a dilemma as to what to do.On the one hand，this proposal can help solve the problem of global warming.But on the other hand，it will make the sea more acidic.

　　1．According to the researchers from California，why are the oceans getting more acidic？(no

　　more than 10 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　2．What effect does the lowering of the water’s PH value have on the living things in the sea？(no more than 6 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　3．How would the level of acidity change if we reduced the carbon dioxide in the air？(no more than 4 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　4．What would happen to greenhouse effect if we stored carbon dioxide in the deep ocean？(no more than 7 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　?、?閱讀理解

　　About 10 years ago，a very successful businessman named Josh was traveling down a Chicago neighborhood street.He was going a bit too fast in his shiny，black,12 cylinder(汽缸) Jaguar XKE.

　　He was watching for kids rushing out from between parked cars and slowed down.Suddenly，a brick sailed out and—WHUMP！—it hit the Jag’s shiny black side door! Immediately Josh stopped the car，jumped out，seized the kid and pushed him up against a parked car.He shouted at the kid，“What was that all about and who are you? Just what the heck are you doing？！”Building up a head of steam，he went on，“That’s my new Jag，that brick you threw will cost you a lot of money.Why？”

　　“Please，mister，please...I’m sorry! I didn’t know what else to do！”begged the youngster.“I threw the brick because no one else would stop！” Tears were streaming down the boy’s face as he pointed around the parked car.“It’s my brother，mister，” he said.“He fell out of his wheelchair and I can’t lift him up.” Sobbing，the boy asked the businessman，“Would you please help me get him back into his wheelchair? He’s hurt and he’s too heavy for me.”

　　Moved beyond words，the young businessman felt no anger.He lifted the young man back into the wheelchair and took out his handkerchief and wiped the scrapers and cuts，checking to see that everything was OK.He then watched the younger brother push him down the sidewalk.

　　It was a long walk back to the car—a long and slow walk.Josh never did fix the side door of his Jaguar.He kept the dent(凹痕)to remind him not to go through life so fast that someone has to throw a brick at him to get his attention.Feel for the bricks of life coming at you.

　　1．The boy threw a brick at the businessman’s car because ________.

　　A．the businessman drove at a high speed

　　B．he envied the brand-new car very much

　　C．he wanted to ask for some money

　　D．he wanted to get help from the driver

　　2．Which of the following is the right order of the story?

　　a．The younger brother threw a brick at Josh’s car.

　　b．The elder brother fell out of his wheelchair.

　　c．The younger brother begged Josh for help.

　　d．Josh lifted the elder brother back into his wheelchair.

　　e．Josh shouted at the younger brother.

　　A．b，a，e，c，d

　　B．a，c，d，b，e

　　C．b，a，c，e，d

　　D．a，c，b，e，d

　　3．What can we learn about Josh?

　　A．Josh would accept the money from the kids.

　　B．The two kids were Josh’s neighbors.

　　C．Josh was a kind-hearted man.

　　D．Josh’s new car broke down easily.

　　4．John checked everything was OK ________.

　　A．in order to make sure the little boy wasn’t lying

　　B．in case that the boys should need more help

　　C．so as to make clear the boys were poor

　　D．in an effort to prove the elder brother was hurt

　　5．By the last sentence the author wants to say that ________.

　　A．trying to get ready for the trouble in your future life

　　B．driving fast in a neighborhood street is dangerous

　　C．trying to be more considerate of others’ troubles

　　D．protecting oneself from being hurt

　　Unit 2　Growing pains

　?、?

　　1．解析：本文是介紹頭發的文章，如頭發的結構，組成和生長周期等。

　　答案：Our hair

　　2．解析：第三段是在介紹頭發的結構，它由兩部分組成：一部分是可以看見的shaft，另一部分是root部分。

　　答案：Structure

　　3．解析：由第三段第二句可知，root是living part。

　　答案：living part

　　4．解析：由第二段第一句可知，頭發的平均數量是120 000。

　　答案：120,000 strands

　　5．解析：由第二段第一句可知，每根頭發的壽命是大約3年。

　　答案：Life expectancy

　　6．解析：由第四段第三句話后部分可知，頭發的生命周期是由三個階段組成：第一階段是一兩個長而活躍的生長階段，第二個階段是非常短的過渡期，第三個階段是休眠期。

　　答案：Growth cycle

　　7．解析：由第四段第四句可知，第一個階段是長而活躍時期，時長大約三年。

　　答案：long and active

　　8．解析：從表格內容可知，長而活躍期是頭發生長期，短暫不活躍期是收縮期，三個月的休眠期是掉頭發階段，生長，收縮和掉頭發是每個階段的結果。

　　答案：Effect/Result

　　9．解析：由第六段里第三句可知，androgenetic alopecia就是pattern baldness。

　　答案：pattern baldness

　　10．解析：由第六段第三句后半部分 “results from a combination of genetic and hormonal(荷爾蒙的)factors” ，result from后接表示原因的詞，可知 “a combination of genetic and hormonal factors” 是原因。

　　答案：Cause/Reason

　?、?

　　1．Due to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the air.

　　2．It makes them in great danger.

　　3．It would also reduce.

　　4．It would reduce in amount.

　?、?

　　【解題導語】 要留意別人的感受，體諒別人的疾苦，不要等到 “磚頭向你砸來” 才會注意別人是要向你求助。

　　1．解析：細節推斷題。根據這個男孩的敘述可知，他哥哥從輪椅上跌下正躺在地上可知，他想找人幫忙把他扶起來。

　　答案：D

　　2．解析：細節理解題。略讀文章的第二、三段，尋找關鍵信息可確定事件發生的順序。

　　答案：A

　　3．解析：歸納題。根據約翰的表現：開始生氣，但在知道真相后還幫助別人，而且這件事情發生后還用它提醒自己要留意生活，體諒別人。這說明他是個心地善良的人。

　　答案：C

　　4．解析：細節推斷題。moved beyond words 意為 “感動得無以言表”，由此可推斷他是想進一步幫助這兄弟倆。

　　答案：B

　　5．解析：細節推斷題。倒數第二句說他留著這個凹痕沒有整形是因為用它來提醒自己留意別人的需要或困難。由此可知，這句話想要告訴人們的是 “要關心別人的疾苦，體諒別人，要留意別人的困難?！?/p>

　　答案：C

　　【譯林湖南版】2011高考英語一輪復習提能訓練

　　Module 1

　　Unit 2　Growing painsⅠ.填詞

　　Hair is one of the commonest parts of the body and something that is given a lot of attention.You’ve had it since birth and you take care of it every day.But how much do you know about your hair?

　　The average head of hair is made up of 120,000 strands(根)，each of which has a life expectancy of about three years.While some hairs are growing，others are resting，and others are falling out.

　　A hair is made up of two parts：the shaft(發絲)and the root.The shaft is a visible (or：seen) part.It has a complex structure.The root is the living part of the hair.It is here where cells develop and form the shaft.It also has a very complex structure.

　　Every day a normal head of about 120,000 hairs will lose between 50 and 100 hairs—or 30,000 hairs per year.Hair dies，falls out，and grows again.The life cycle is made up of three stages.First，a long and active growth period that lasts about three years—the hair grows.Second，a very short transition(過渡)period that lasts about three weeks，during which time the hair is inactive—the hair follicle shrinks.Third，a resting period of about three months—at the end of this period the hair is pushed out and lost.This cycle runs constantly throughout life.

　　A hair grows from 1 to 1.5 cm each month and its usual life expectancy is about three years.So very long hair is rarely seen.However，there are some people who do grow long hair.

　　The most common form of hair loss does not come from disease.In fact we can almost say it is a secondary sexual characteristic.It is called androgenetic alopecia(also known as pattern baldness)and results from a combination of genetic and hormonal(荷爾蒙的)factors.

　　There are two sorts of melanin(黑色素)present in all types of hair，in different proportions.These make it possible to get the different shades of color—blonde(or golden)，brown or red.

　　Title：__1__

　?、?簡答題

　　Some scientists say that the world’s oceans are slowly getting more acidic(酸)．

　　According to the researchers from California，the change is taking place due to higher levels of carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)in the air，whether you noticed it or not.

　　The lowering of the water’s PH value is not great at the moment but could make the living things in the sea in great danger if it continues，they warn.

　　Ken Caldeira and Michael Wickett，from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory，report their worries in the journal Nature.

　　Increasing use of petrol causes more carbon dioxide to go into the air，and most of it will eventually go to the seawater.Once in the air，it reacts to form a chemical to make the seawater acidic.Scientists believe that the oceans have already become a little more acidic over the last century.But these researchers have tried to work out what will happen in the future by analyzing what we know about the history of the oceans with computer models of climate change.

　　“This level of acidity will increase in the future if we continue letting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，”said Dr.Caldeira.

　　It is not totally clear what that means for living things in the sea，however.There are still some conclusions we can draw.

　　Most living things live near the surface，where the greatest PH change would be expected to occur，but deepocean life forms may be more sensitive to PH changes.

　　Coral reefs and other organisms may be particularly affected，the scientists believe.The acid in the seawater will react on their shells.It could be much more difficult to build the shells in water with a lower PH.

　　In recent years，some people have suggested storing carbon dioxide in the deep ocean as a way of solving the problem of global warming(全球變暖)．

　　But Dr.Caldeira said the way should now be reconsidered.

　　“Decades ago，most experts had thought that it was good for the carbon dioxide to go to the sea—because when letting carbon dioxide into the air we warm the earth；and when carbon dioxide goes to the sea，it reduces the amount of greenhouse effect(溫室效應)．”

　　Now scientists might be in a dilemma as to what to do.On the one hand，this proposal can help solve the problem of global warming.But on the other hand，it will make the sea more acidic.

　　1．According to the researchers from California，why are the oceans getting more acidic？(no

　　more than 10 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　2．What effect does the lowering of the water’s PH value have on the living things in the sea？(no more than 6 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　3．How would the level of acidity change if we reduced the carbon dioxide in the air？(no more than 4 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　4．What would happen to greenhouse effect if we stored carbon dioxide in the deep ocean？(no more than 7 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　?、?閱讀理解

　　About 10 years ago，a very successful businessman named Josh was traveling down a Chicago neighborhood street.He was going a bit too fast in his shiny，black,12 cylinder(汽缸) Jaguar XKE.

　　He was watching for kids rushing out from between parked cars and slowed down.Suddenly，a brick sailed out and—WHUMP！—it hit the Jag’s shiny black side door! Immediately Josh stopped the car，jumped out，seized the kid and pushed him up against a parked car.He shouted at the kid，“What was that all about and who are you? Just what the heck are you doing？！”Building up a head of steam，he went on，“That’s my new Jag，that brick you threw will cost you a lot of money.Why？”

　　“Please，mister，please...I’m sorry! I didn’t know what else to do！”begged the youngster.“I threw the brick because no one else would stop！” Tears were streaming down the boy’s face as he pointed around the parked car.“It’s my brother，mister，” he said.“He fell out of his wheelchair and I can’t lift him up.” Sobbing，the boy asked the businessman，“Would you please help me get him back into his wheelchair? He’s hurt and he’s too heavy for me.”

　　Moved beyond words，the young businessman felt no anger.He lifted the young man back into the wheelchair and took out his handkerchief and wiped the scrapers and cuts，checking to see that everything was OK.He then watched the younger brother push him down the sidewalk.

　　It was a long walk back to the car—a long and slow walk.Josh never did fix the side door of his Jaguar.He kept the dent(凹痕)to remind him not to go through life so fast that someone has to throw a brick at him to get his attention.Feel for the bricks of life coming at you.

　　1．The boy threw a brick at the businessman’s car because ________.

　　A．the businessman drove at a high speed

　　B．he envied the brand-new car very much

　　C．he wanted to ask for some money

　　D．he wanted to get help from the driver

　　2．Which of the following is the right order of the story?

　　a．The younger brother threw a brick at Josh’s car.

　　b．The elder brother fell out of his wheelchair.

　　c．The younger brother begged Josh for help.

　　d．Josh lifted the elder brother back into his wheelchair.

　　e．Josh shouted at the younger brother.

　　A．b，a，e，c，d

　　B．a，c，d，b，e

　　C．b，a，c，e，d

　　D．a，c，b，e，d

　　3．What can we learn about Josh?

　　A．Josh would accept the money from the kids.

　　B．The two kids were Josh’s neighbors.

　　C．Josh was a kind-hearted man.

　　D．Josh’s new car broke down easily.

　　4．John checked everything was OK ________.

　　A．in order to make sure the little boy wasn’t lying

　　B．in case that the boys should need more help

　　C．so as to make clear the boys were poor

　　D．in an effort to prove the elder brother was hurt

　　5．By the last sentence the author wants to say that ________.

　　A．trying to get ready for the trouble in your future life

　　B．driving fast in a neighborhood street is dangerous

　　C．trying to be more considerate of others’ troubles

　　D．protecting oneself from being hurt

　　Unit 2　Growing pains

　?、?

　　1．解析：本文是介紹頭發的文章，如頭發的結構，組成和生長周期等。

　　答案：Our hair

　　2．解析：第三段是在介紹頭發的結構，它由兩部分組成：一部分是可以看見的shaft，另一部分是root部分。

　　答案：Structure

　　3．解析：由第三段第二句可知，root是living part。

　　答案：living part

　　4．解析：由第二段第一句可知，頭發的平均數量是120 000。

　　答案：120,000 strands

　　5．解析：由第二段第一句可知，每根頭發的壽命是大約3年。

　　答案：Life expectancy

　　6．解析：由第四段第三句話后部分可知，頭發的生命周期是由三個階段組成：第一階段是一兩個長而活躍的生長階段，第二個階段是非常短的過渡期，第三個階段是休眠期。

　　答案：Growth cycle

　　7．解析：由第四段第四句可知，第一個階段是長而活躍時期，時長大約三年。

　　答案：long and active

　　8．解析：從表格內容可知，長而活躍期是頭發生長期，短暫不活躍期是收縮期，三個月的休眠期是掉頭發階段，生長，收縮和掉頭發是每個階段的結果。

　　答案：Effect/Result

　　9．解析：由第六段里第三句可知，androgenetic alopecia就是pattern baldness。

　　答案：pattern baldness

　　10．解析：由第六段第三句后半部分 “results from a combination of genetic and hormonal(荷爾蒙的)factors” ，result from后接表示原因的詞，可知 “a combination of genetic and hormonal factors” 是原因。

　　答案：Cause/Reason

　　Ⅱ.

　　1．Due to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the air.

　　2．It makes them in great danger.

　　3．It would also reduce.

　　4．It would reduce in amount.

　?、?

　　【解題導語】 要留意別人的感受，體諒別人的疾苦，不要等到 “磚頭向你砸來” 才會注意別人是要向你求助。

　　1．解析：細節推斷題。根據這個男孩的敘述可知，他哥哥從輪椅上跌下正躺在地上可知，他想找人幫忙把他扶起來。

　　答案：D

　　2．解析：細節理解題。略讀文章的第二、三段，尋找關鍵信息可確定事件發生的順序。

　　答案：A

　　3．解析：歸納題。根據約翰的表現：開始生氣，但在知道真相后還幫助別人，而且這件事情發生后還用它提醒自己要留意生活，體諒別人。這說明他是個心地善良的人。

　　答案：C

　　4．解析：細節推斷題。moved beyond words 意為 “感動得無以言表”，由此可推斷他是想進一步幫助這兄弟倆。

　　答案：B

　　5．解析：細節推斷題。倒數第二句說他留著這個凹痕沒有整形是因為用它來提醒自己留意別人的需要或困難。由此可知，這句話想要告訴人們的是 “要關心別人的疾苦，體諒別人，要留意別人的困難?！?/p>

　　答案：C