語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)----------動(dòng)詞不定式

　　1.不定式的形式

　　主動(dòng)式 被動(dòng)式 含義

　　一般式

　　進(jìn)行式

　　完成式

　　完成進(jìn)行式

　　We decided to plant more trees this spring.

　　They often watch us play table tennis.

　　She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.

　　I am sorry to have lost your keys.

　　He asked to be sent to the place where he was most needed.

　　The novel is said to have been translated into many languages.

　　不定式的否定式____________________

　　It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting.

　　不定式的句法功能。

　　To do that sort of thing is foolish。________

　　My ambition is to become a famous scientist.______

　　I want to see you this evening.________

　　We found a house to live in._______

　　She came here to study English.______

　　I warned the patient not to drink cold water after the operation._______

　　作主語(yǔ)。

　　To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.

　　To get there by car takes a whole day.

　　注意：

　　不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用________.

　　不定式作主語(yǔ)與V-ing形式作主語(yǔ)的不同：前者作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常表示某一次體的動(dòng)作；而后者常表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。To teach the three children is my job this afternoon. 教這三個(gè)孩子是今天下午我的工作。

　　　 alking is a good form of exercise. 散步是鍛煉的一種好方

　　動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it 作形式主語(yǔ)，而真正的主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式后置。

　　常用的句型有：

　　1. It is + adj.+ of /for sb to do sth

　　eg: It is not safe to drink the polluted water.

　　It is kind of him to help. ( He is kind.)

　　It is impossible for him to help us. ( He is impossible. x)

　　2. It is a/ an +n (crime, mistake, pity,

　　shame, good idea) + to do sth

　　eg: It's a good idea to visit the science museum this weekend.

　　3._________________ ____________________

　　eg:

　　It would take years to rebuild the castle

　　高考鏈接

　　1. Is ________ necessary to complete the design before National Day?

　　A. this B. that C. it D. he

　　2. It was foolish ________ you to give up what you rightly owned.　A. for B. of C. about D. From

　　不定式及其短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)_____________________,

　　以下名詞和句型常用不定式作定語(yǔ),如: chance, way, opportunity, time, the first, the last, the second, the only等詞后,在have to do和there be句型中。e.g.

　　沒(méi)有人可以照看他

　　There is no one to take care of her.

　　只有五種式樣可供選擇

　　There are only five pairs to choose from.

　　由于不定式與其所修飾的詞之間往往有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此，如果動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。例如：He has no friend to depend on.

　　I have to find a seat to sit on.

　　There is nothing to worry about.

　　當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式使用主動(dòng)式；當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)不是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)而不定式與所修飾的名詞或代詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式使用被動(dòng)式。

　　　Do you have anything to take to your son? 你有什么東西要()帶給你兒子嗎？

　　Do you have anything to be taken to your son? 你有什么東西()帶給你兒子嗎？

　　不定式在以下形容詞后:easy, difficult,

　　hard, heavy, light, cheap,

　　good, nice,

　　safe,

　　dangerous, important,

　　interesting, pleasant,

　　(im)possible等。這時(shí)常用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _____ . (96上海)

　　A. to send B. for sending itC. to send it toD. for sending it to

　　.The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the16th century. (94)

　　A. having writte

　　B. to be written C. being written D. Written

　　The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

　　A. to smell

　　B. smelling

　　C. smelt

　　D. to be smelt（上海）

　　（四）做賓語(yǔ)。

　　Fred 沒(méi)有錢(qián)，所以他決定找一份工作。______________________________________.

　　他答應(yīng)不告訴任何人這事。__________________________________________________

　　注意：

　　下列動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式做賓語(yǔ)：ask,,

　　afford,

　　agree, care,

　　choose, demand,

　　decide, expect,

　　fail,

　　hope,

　　learn, manage,

　　offer,

　　plan,

　　prepare,

　　pretend,

　　promise,

　　refuse,

　　want,

　　wish

　　后接不定式和V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)均可，且沒(méi)有大的區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有： start, begin, continue等。

　　后接不定式和V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)均可，但意思不同的動(dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)有:try, remember, forget, regret, stop, go on等。I wondered where to go to spend my holiday,

　　及物動(dòng)詞want, need, require等，當(dāng)其主語(yǔ)是“物”時(shí)，表示“需要”，常用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式作賓語(yǔ)。即

　　在表示”希望，打算“等動(dòng)詞（如wish, hope, plan, mean ,intend)的過(guò)去式后加+ to have done 表示原打算干卻沒(méi)能辦到，相當(dāng)于had wished/hoped/....to do

　　1.

　　I had meant to go to Shanghai

　　yesterday,

　　but was delayed by the bad weather.

　　2. ---Why didn’t you come to my birthday party?

　　---I' d like to have, but I had an unexpected guest.

　　3. I expected to have met him here last night.我以為昨天晚上能在這里見(jiàn)到她.(但沒(méi)見(jiàn)到）

　　如果不定式做賓語(yǔ)而后面又有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，這時(shí)要用it 做形式賓語(yǔ)，而動(dòng)詞不定式要放到補(bǔ)語(yǔ)后面。即我們通常說(shuō)的6123結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

　　She made it a rule to get up at 5 every day.

　　I once thought it impossible for us to finish the job in such a limited time.

　　介詞后一般不直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但可用帶疑問(wèn)詞的不定式

　　Marx gave some advice on how to learn English well.

　　但是介詞but, except后可以接不定式做賓語(yǔ)，需要特別注意的是若這兩個(gè)介詞前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do, 則不定式的to 要省略。

　　The teacher made no comments except to tell him to work hard.

　　We had no choice but to wait for the next train,

　　There is nothing we can do but wait patiently.

　　高考鏈接

　　1. She pretended ________ me when I passed by.

　　A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen

　　. Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening.

　　A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking

　　. ----I usually go there by train.

　　----Why not ________ by boat for a change?

　　A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going

　　. ----Was the test difficult?

　　----Not at all. We found ________ .

　　　A. it very easy for doingB. very easy to do itC. it very easy to do

　　D. it very easy to do it

　　5. ----Do you know Mr. Smith?

　　　Yes. He's a strange man. We found ________ difficult to work with him.

　　A. us B. it C. him D. You

　　6. I don't think ________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.

　　A. this B. that C. its D. it

　　. Last summer I took a course on ________ .

　　A. how to make dressesB. how dresses be made

　　C. how to be made dresses

　　D. how dresses to be made

　　8. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________ .

　　　A. it what to do withB. what to do it with

　　C. what to do with it

　　D. to do what with it

　　9. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ____in my new job.

　　A. expected

　　B to expect

　　C to be expecting

　　D. Expects

　　10. Sandy could do nothing but ___________ to his teacher that he was wrong. (2001上海春季)

　　A．a(chǎn)dmitB．a(chǎn)dmitted

　　C．a(chǎn)dmittingD．to admit

　　(五）做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

　　在感官動(dòng)詞后做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，此時(shí)不定式要省略 to. 表示動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程。

　　這些感官動(dòng)詞有：______________________________________________________________.

　　I heard him sing yesterday.

　　Did you see him go out?

　　I felt something crawl up my leg.]

　　注意： 轉(zhuǎn)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)to要還原。We saw the car stop.=________________________________

　　.2. 做使役動(dòng)詞(have,make, let)后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),不定式省略to.,但是轉(zhuǎn)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)to需要還原。

　　Though he had often made his little sister cry ,today he was made to cry by his little sister.

　　動(dòng)詞 advise, allow, ask, tell,invite,expect,force, get, encourage, persuade, permit, remind, order, warn,want等后常接不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，即這些動(dòng)詞+sb./sth. to do sth,

　　We won't allow such thing to happen again,

　　We finally persuaded our teacher to play football with us.

　　高考鏈接

　　A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ____ in the kitchen.（2003）

　　A.smoke B．smoking C．to smoke D．smoked

　　My advisor encouraged______ a summer course to improve my writing skills.(2004北京)

　　A for me taking B me taking C for me to takeD me to take

　　3.Paul doesn't have to be made______. He always works hard.(95)

　　　 A. learn　B. to learn　C. learned　D. Learning

　　做狀語(yǔ)

　　動(dòng)詞不定式做狀語(yǔ)主要是做目的狀語(yǔ)，也可以在句中做結(jié)果，原因等狀語(yǔ)。

　　1. 做目的狀語(yǔ)。 I'm saving up money to buy a computer.

　　To save the child, he lost his life.

　　有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出這種目的， 也可以用in order (not) to do 或者so as (not) to do 結(jié)構(gòu)，區(qū)別是so as to do 不能放在句首。I'll write down the telephone number so as not to forget it.

　　此外，一定要注意不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不能位于逗號(hào)后。

　　高考鏈接：

　　1.All these gifts must be mailed immediately _______ in time for Christmas.

　　A．in order to have received

　　B．in order to receive

　　C．so as to be received

　　D．so as to be receiving

　　____ the project as planned, we'll have to work two more hours a day.

　　Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete

　　做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，常用于下列句型

　　so ........ as to do

　　Would you be so kind as to lent me your cellphone?

　　such .... as to do

　　We are not such fools as to believe him.

　　enough ........to do

　　He didn't run fast enough to catch the train,

　　only to do

　　He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own foot.

　　too .... to do

　　His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.

　　其中 too....to結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞如果是eager,happy,pleased,ready等，動(dòng)詞不定式不表示結(jié)果，也沒(méi)有否定意思。 I am too pleased to help you.

　　高考鏈接 He hurried to the booking office only_________that all the tickets had been sold out.? A.to tell??????????? B.to be told?????????? C.telling????????????? D.told?????????

　　不定式做獨(dú)立成分，在句中做插入語(yǔ)。如：

　　to tell you the truth__________

　　to begin with

　　__________

　　to be frank _______

　　to be honest ____________

　　to conclude___________

　　其他說(shuō)明

　　如果不定式所表示的動(dòng)作（狀態(tài)）發(fā)生在主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，那么不定式就要用其完成式。to have done. 常見(jiàn)的一個(gè)句型是sb./sth. is said/ reported/believed/supposed/considered + to have doneShe feels relaxed to have finished writing her thesis before the deadline.

　　The Vikings are believed to have discovered America.

　　You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.

　　高考鏈接： .Robert is said____abroad, but I didn’t know what country he studied in.(NMET99)

　　A to have studied

　　B.to study

　　C.

　　made

　　D. to make

　　2. 如果主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作（情況）發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，那么不定式就要用其進(jìn)行式。例如： When you called me last night, I happened to be working on the computer.

　　1.As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _____ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town.

　　A. this????B. that????????????? ?C. one????????????? ?D. it

　　2.Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one??______． A．blamed??????? B．blaming???? C．to blame? D. to be blamed.If you think that treating a woman well means always ______ her permission for things, think again.

　　A. gets????B. got???????????? ?C. to get????? ??D. getting 4.As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting _____.

　　A. to use????B. to be used???????? ?C. to have used????? ?D. to be using 5._____with so much trouble,we failed to complete the task on time. ??? A.Faced? B.Face? C.Facing? D.To face 6.He hurried to the booking office only _____ that all the tickets has been sold out.（ ?A. to be told???B. to tell???C. told????D. telling 7.AIDS is said ______ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.

　　A. that it is???????? B. to be?????? C. that it has been?? D. to have been

　　8.Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ____ since the flood hit the area last Friday.

　　A. have been missing?? B. have got lost?? C. be missing?? D. get lost 9.To a room above the store, where a party ______, some workers were busily setting the table.

　　???????A. was to be held???? ?B. has been held???? C. will be held??????? ?D. is being held 10. —It’s a long time since I saw my sister.

　　—_______________ her this weekend? [2007 全國(guó)卷I]

　　A. Why not visit

　　B. why not to visit C. Why not visiting

　　D. Why don’t visit