高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)完形填空：考點(diǎn)解析15行文邏輯推理

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　　完形填空突破(九)

　　——行文邏輯推理題

　　完形填空中有些答案的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)從詞匯搭配、語(yǔ)法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)等角度考慮均行得通,但由于文章是一個(gè)完整的統(tǒng)一體,詞、句、段三者存在著內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系,因此考生還要從上下文中尋找有關(guān)的提示或暗示,對(duì)文章的情節(jié)進(jìn)行邏輯推理,抓住含有關(guān)鍵信息的詞語(yǔ),理順句子之間的關(guān)系,確定正確的答案。

　　1．運(yùn)用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn),輕松選擇判斷

　　復(fù)現(xiàn)有原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、概括詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。完形填空題中,考生可以利用上下文的復(fù)現(xiàn)信息,確定正確的表達(dá)方式。

　　(1)原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

　　為了表達(dá)的需求,有時(shí)在上下文中同一概念會(huì)重復(fù)出現(xiàn)?？忌梢越柚谏舷挛闹械倪@一信息選擇答案。

　　(2)同義詞、近義詞、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

　　同義詞、近義詞和反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)是借助意思相同、相近或相反的表達(dá)方式,或解釋性的語(yǔ)言使上下文語(yǔ)意得以連貫起來(lái)。做完形填空時(shí),考生應(yīng)注意分析上下文中出現(xiàn)的解釋性語(yǔ)言。

　　(3)同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

　　另外,考生還可借助復(fù)現(xiàn)的同源詞來(lái)確定答案。

　　典例

　　The next morning the stranger,actually a sorcerer (巫師),thanked her by granting (允準(zhǔn)) her26

　　that anyone who climbed up her tree

　　not be able to come back down until she

　　it.

　　When the children came back to steal her

　　,she had them stuck on the tree.They had to beg her long

　　she gave the tree permission to let

　　go.Aunty Misery was free from the

　　at last.

　　(2008·陜西)

　　28．A.permittedB．promisedC．a(chǎn)nswered D．declared

　　答案　A

　　解析　本題屬于同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)類試題,根據(jù)上下文,下一段中出現(xiàn)了permission,即permit的名詞形式,結(jié)合語(yǔ)境,應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。此處意為“沒(méi)有她的允許不能下來(lái)”。

　　2．高屋建瓴,把握主旨

　　完形填空是考查綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)知識(shí)能力的試題。它主要考查考生對(duì)上下文的理解和邏輯判斷能力,而通常利用文章的首句,就能抓住文章的主旨文意并在主旨文意的引導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的判斷推理,從而正確推斷出文章的隱匿信息。

　　典例

　　On the road of life,the help of strangers can

　　our loads and lift our spirits.How much sweeter the

　　will be when we make it a little smoother for others！(2008·重慶)

　　54．A.move

　　B．increaseC．lighten D．carry

　　55．A.worldB．journeyC．smileD．friendship

　　答案　54.C　55.B

　　解析　54.本句是對(duì)全文的概括。句意為：在人生的道路上,來(lái)自陌生人的幫助可以減輕我們的負(fù)擔(dān),振奮我們的精神。move移動(dòng)；increase增加；lighten減輕；carry攜帶。

　　55．選文原文通過(guò)作者在公共汽車上親眼目睹的一件事說(shuō)明在人生旅程中給別人一點(diǎn)幫助能使世界更加美好。這一段點(diǎn)明了文章主題：假如我們都能為別人做一點(diǎn)善事,那么人生的旅程(journey)就會(huì)美好得多。1

　　We recently treated our now-adult son and his girlfriend to a seafood feast,near Cocoa Beach,Florida.Our server,a grandmotherly woman skilled in the art of　1　,flew around the　2　juggling dishes and drinks while treating customers as individuals.She remembered their　3　tastes,likes and dislikes—all of which she’d learned after only the briefest　4　.

　　At the end of the meal,she presented the bill,and then went to　5　

　　the growing crowd of other dinners.My husband　6　with a credit card,added her　7　,and we were off.

　　“Mr. Goldsmith！” our waitress ran out of the dinning room waving a receipt at him,“Thank you.”

　　He looked at her as though he didn’t　8　.We’ve all seen that universal　9　of confusion—eyebrows drawn together and head cocked to one side.

　　“What did you give her？” I asked in a stage whisper,

　　if he had done something

　　or made a calculation error.

　　“Wow,Dad,” our son said,

　　like an awestruck 10-year-old.“I’ve never seen a waitress

　　anyone out of the restaurant to say‘thank you’for the tip.”

　　“She gave us great service.I just thought she deserved a little more

　　what I usually give.”

　　It wasn’t until later,when I accidentally heard our

　　retelling the story of the

　　waitress,that I realized she had given my family something

　　a “thank you”．She showed our son the importance of

　　hard work and the rewarding sound of “thank you”．Her show of thanks helped a dad earn a bit more

　　from a loving son.And it reminded me just why I

　　this thoughtful,caring man.

　　1．A.painting B．smiling

　　C．cooking

　　D．serving

　　答案　D

　　解析　根據(jù)前面的server一詞可知,這里指這個(gè)人有很好的服務(wù)藝術(shù)。

　　2．A.restaurant

　　B．beachC．corner

　　D．streets

　　答案　A

　　解析　講述的是餐館里面發(fā)生的事情,其他選項(xiàng)都不合語(yǔ)境。

　　3．A.common

　　B．specialC．considerable D．delicious

　　答案　B

　　解析　special特別的,此處表達(dá)的意思為她記得客人們的特殊口味等。其他選項(xiàng)不合題意。

　　4．A.arguments B．discussionsC．conversations D．debates

　　答案　C

　　解析　briefest conversations意思是“最簡(jiǎn)短的對(duì)話”,即她通過(guò)與客人之間最簡(jiǎn)短的對(duì)話,便知道了他們的特殊口味,他們喜歡什么,不喜歡什么。

　　5．A.attend toB．look forC．care for

　　D．find out

　　答案　A

　　解析　attend to照顧；接待,符合題意。

　　6．A.paid B．called

　　C．carried

　　D．pushed

　　答案　A

　　解析　paid with a credit card指用信用卡付賬。

　　7．A.advice

　　B．suggestionsC．tip D．prize

　　答案　C

　　解析　tip指“小費(fèi)”。即用信用卡付賬后,又付她小費(fèi)。

　　8．A.doubt B．enjoyC．happen

　　D．understand

　　答案　D

　　解析　根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知,當(dāng)作者的丈夫給了小費(fèi)之后,服務(wù)員追出來(lái)說(shuō)感謝的話,這是很不常見(jiàn)的事情,所以他們感到很奇怪,不了解為什么會(huì)這樣。

　　9．A.feeling

　　B．look

　　C．a(chǎn)ttitudeD．tension

　　答案　B

　　解析　look指“表情”,即臉上露出的不理解的表情。

　　10．A.thinking

　　B．hopingC．wondering

　　D．expecting

　　答案　C

　　解析　作者感到疑惑,丈夫到底給了那個(gè)服務(wù)員什么東西,使得她跑出來(lái)向他表示感謝,是他做了什么不合常理的事情還是算錯(cuò)了賬呢？所以C項(xiàng)符合題意。

　　11．A.unreasonableB．a(chǎn)ppropriateC．unfair

　　D．helpful

　　答案　A

　　解析　見(jiàn)上一題解析。

　　12．A.looking

　　B．soundingC．doing

　　D．imagining

　　答案　B

　　解析　這里是在說(shuō)作者兒子的聲音,因此用sounding like,即“聽(tīng)起來(lái)像……”。

　　13．A.help

　　B．keep

　　C．drive

　　D．follow

　　答案　D

　　解析　follow表示“跟隨,追隨”。句意為：我從來(lái)沒(méi)有看到過(guò)有服務(wù)員追出飯店,向客人感謝給她小費(fèi)。

　　14．A.except

　　B．below

　　C．a(chǎn)bove

　　D．within

　　答案　C

　　解析　above表示“超過(guò)”。句意為：她給了我們非常好的服務(wù),所以我認(rèn)為她應(yīng)該得到比正常要多一點(diǎn)的報(bào)酬。

　　15．A.son

　　B．friend

　　C．colleague

　　D．parent

　　答案　A

　　解析　根據(jù)文章最后一段內(nèi)容可知,作者的兒子從那位服務(wù)員身上學(xué)到了很多東西。而這些都是從兒子說(shuō)的話里面感覺(jué)到的,因此,這里選son,即她的兒子在陳述當(dāng)時(shí)的情景。16．A.excellent

　　B．skilledC．generous

　　D．grateful

　　答案　D

　　解析　grateful感激的,符合原文內(nèi)容,即上文提到的那位對(duì)作者的丈夫表示感謝的女服務(wù)員。

　　17．A.rather than

　　B．more thanC．less than

　　D．no more than

　　答案　B

　　解析　句意為：那位服務(wù)員給我們家的不僅僅是簡(jiǎn)單的一句感謝,而是更多的東西。

　　18．A.devoting B．rememberingC．a(chǎn)cknowledging D．ignoring

　　答案　C

　　解析　根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容可知,顯然只有C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境,即他們的兒子知道了承認(rèn)辛勤勞動(dòng)的重要性。

　　19．A.respect

　　B．sympathyC．thanks

　　D．satisfactory

　　答案　A

　　解析　孩子因?yàn)檫@件事而更加尊重自己的父親了。

　　20．A.trained

　　B．refused

　　C．left D．married

　　答案　D

　　解析　結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容及所提供的選項(xiàng),可知選D項(xiàng)。2

　　(2009·天津)The first time I remember noticing the crossing guard was when he waved to me as I drove my son to school.He　1　me with a puzzle—all because he waved to me like someone does

　　　2　seeing a close friend.A big,　3　smile accompanied his wave.For the next few days I tried to　4　his face to see if I knew him.I didn’t.Perhaps he had　5　me for someone else.By the time I contented myself with the

　　that he and I were strangers,we were greeting each other warmly every morning like old friends.

　　Then one day the

　　was solved.As I

　　the school he was standing in the middle of the road

　　his stop sign.I was in line behind four cars.

　　the kids had reached the safety of the sidewalk,he lowered his sign and let the cars

　　.To the first he waved and

　　in just the same way he had done to me over the last few days.The kids already had the window down and were happily waving their reply.The second car got the same

　　from the crossing guard,and the driver,a stiff-looking(表情刻板的) businessman,gave a brief,almost

　　wave back.Each following car of kids on their way to school

　　more heartily.

　　Every morning I continued to watch the man with

　　.So far I haven’t seen anyone

　　to wave back.I find it interesting that one person can make such a(n)

　　to so many people’s lives by doing one simple thing like waving and smiling warmly.His

　　warmed the start of my day.With a friendly wave and smiling face he had changed the

　　of the whole neighborhood.

　　1．A.hit

　　B．disappointedC．presented

　　D．bored

　　答案　C

　　解析　present sb.with sth.使某人經(jīng)歷某事；把……交給某人。此處指作者第一次遇見(jiàn)那位交警時(shí)他就像老朋友那樣向“我”揮手,這使得作者感到迷惑不解。

　　2．A.on

　　B．fromC．during

　　D．a(chǎn)bout

　　答案　A

　　解析　on doing sth.一……就……。

　　3．A.false B．shyC．a(chǎn)pologetic

　　D．bright

　　答案　D

　　解析　空格處的形容詞應(yīng)與big一致,bright燦爛的。句意為：他向我揮手,帶著滿臉燦爛的笑容。

　　4．A.research B．studyC．recognize

　　D．explore

　　答案　B

　　解析　study one’s face仔細(xì)端詳某人的臉。study審視,端詳,符合語(yǔ)境。research調(diào)查,研究；recognize認(rèn)出；explore探索。

　　5．A.praised B．blamedC．mistaken

　　D．respected

　　答案　C

　　解析　mistake sb.for...把某人誤認(rèn)為……,符合上下文語(yǔ)境。praise表?yè)P(yáng)；blame責(zé)備；respect尊重。

　　6．A.conclusion B．descriptionC．evaluation

　　D．introduction

　　答案　A

　　解析　由上文內(nèi)容可知,作者不認(rèn)識(shí)他,因此,得出這一“結(jié)論”：他們僅是陌生人。that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明conclusion的內(nèi)容。

　　7．A.argumentB．disagreementC．mystery D．task

　　答案　C

　　解析　陌生人之間竟能如此熱情地打招呼,這一“謎團(tuán)”有一天終于被解開(kāi)了。ystery

　　神秘的事,謎團(tuán)。

　　8．A.visited B．a(chǎn)pproachedC．passed

　　D．left

　　答案　B

　　解析　visit參觀,訪問(wèn),拜訪；approach靠近,接近；pass經(jīng)過(guò)；leave離開(kāi)。由下文中的“...the kids had reached the safety of the sidewalk,...”可知,作者是送孩子去學(xué)校,但是還未到學(xué)校。

　　9．A.drawing back B．putting onC．handing in

　　D．holding out

　　答案　D

　　解析　draw back退后；put on張貼；hand in上交；hold out伸出；舉起。由下句中的lowered his sign可知應(yīng)選held out。

　　10．A.Once

　　B．Before

　　C．Unless

　　D．While

　　答案　A

　　解析　once一旦；當(dāng)……的時(shí)候。

　　11．A.in

　　B．through C．out