完形填空之說明文

　　二、說明文

　　【體裁詮釋】

　　說明文一般用簡(jiǎn)練的語言，按一定的方法介紹事物的類別、性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)、構(gòu)造、成因、關(guān)系或事物的運(yùn)動(dòng)變化、發(fā)展的過程及規(guī)律。說明文十分講究條理性，一般采用時(shí)間順序、空間順序或邏輯順序。

　　1. 說明文一般分為三類：

　　①事物的說明；②事理的說明; ③文藝性的說明

　　2. 說明文通常具有下列特點(diǎn)：

　　(1)多用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。因?yàn)檎f明文通常是對(duì)客觀事物或事理的一種介紹與解釋，而這種客觀介紹與解釋一般是不隨時(shí)間變化而變化的。

　　(2)采用客觀描述。說明文一般是對(duì)客觀存在的說明與介紹，因此，語言的表述也應(yīng)該盡可能地給人以客觀可信的感覺。

　　(3)遣詞用字簡(jiǎn)練、平實(shí)、確切。

　　說明文的主要目的是幫助讀者認(rèn)清事物，明白事理，故其語言通常較為淺顯、通俗，比較易于讀者理解。其內(nèi)容也很客觀真實(shí)，它的用詞總是貼近事物的本來面目，不會(huì)使用華麗的詞藻和夸張的寫作手法，一般也不加描述和議論。

　　3. 做好說明文完形填空，最主要的是抓住文章說明的中心，這要求考生做好三方面：

　　（1）注意文章的說明順序，常見的說明順序有時(shí)間、空間、邏輯（指先因后果或先果后因，先主后次的順序）和認(rèn)識(shí)順序（指由此及彼，由淺入深，由局部到整體，由現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)，由具體到抽象的順序）。把握了說明的順序，就能準(zhǔn)確把握文章的脈絡(luò)，抓住文章中心。

　　（2）注意段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系，說明文的首段往往是文章的主題段，每段的首句也是主題句，一定把握好主題段和主題句，這是做好這類完形填空題的前提。

　　（3）注意文章結(jié)尾，文章結(jié)尾的段落往往對(duì)說明的問題進(jìn)行總的概括，有時(shí)就是文章的點(diǎn)睛之處。

　　【典例探究】

　　（2010·安徽卷）Most people give little thought to the pens they write with , especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very 36things are handwritten .All too often, people buy a pen based only on 37and wonder why they are not satisfied 38 they begin to use it .However, buying a pen that you’ll enjoy is not 39 if you keep the following in mind.

　　First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be 40 to use .The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic(特征)41comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers, you may be comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a 42 hand and thicker fingers, you may 43 a fatter pen .The length of a pen can 44 influence comfort. A pen that is too 45 can easily feel top-heavy and unstable.

　　Then, the writing point of the pen should 46 the ink to flow evenly(均勻的) while the pen remains in touch with the paper. 47 will make it possible for you to create a 48 line of writing .The point should also be sensitive enough to 49 ink from running when the pen is lifted. A point that does not block the 50 may leave drops of ink, 51 you pick the pen up and put it down again.

　　52 , the pen should make a thick , dark line. Fine-line pens may 53 bad handwriting, but fine, delicate

　　lines do not command

　　54

　　next to printed text ,as , 55, a signature on a printed letter .A broader line, on the other hand ,gives an impression of confidence and authority (權(quán)威)。

　　36.A.many

　　B. few

　　C. pleasant

　　D. important

　　37.A.looks

　　B. reason

　　C. value

　　D. advantages

　　38.A.once

　　B. if

　　C. because

　　D. though

　　39.A.convenient

　　B. practical

　　C. strange

　　D. difficult

　　40.A.heavy

　　B. easy

　　C. hard

　　D. safe

　　41.A.taking

　　B. finding

　　C. determining

　　D. seeking

　　42.A.stronger

　　B. weaker

　　C. smaller

　　D. larger

　　43.A.prefer

　　B. recommend

　　C. prepare

　　D. demand

　　44.A.hardly

　　B. also

　　C. never

　　D. still

　　45. A. thick

　　B. light

　　C. long

　　D. soft

　　46. A. change

　　B. allow

　　C.

　　reduce

　　D .press

　　47. A. They

　　B. One

　　C. This

　　D. Some

　　48. A. from

　　B. rough

　　C. black

　　D. smooth

　　49. A. prevent

　　B. free

　　C. protect

　　D. remove

　　50.

　　A. way

　　B. sight

　　C. flow

　　D. stream

　　51.

　　A. so

　　B. as

　　C. and

　　D. yet

　　52.

　　A. Meanwhile

　　B. Generally

　　C. Afterwards

　　D. Finally

　　53.

　　A. show up

　　B. differ from

　　C. break down

　　D. compensate for

　　54.

　　A. attention

　　B. support

　　C. respect

　　D. admission

　　55.

　　A. at most

　　B. for example

　　C. in brief

　　D. on purpose

　　【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了什么樣的鋼筆才算是得心應(yīng)手的鋼筆。

　　36【解析】選B。既然現(xiàn)代家庭和辦公室里有了打印機(jī)，那么手寫的東西就少了。many多的；pleasant令人愉快的；important重要的few 少的。

　　37【解析】選A。下文提到“人們一旦開始用鋼筆，卻并不滿意”可知當(dāng)時(shí)挑選鋼筆時(shí)，主要是根據(jù)其外觀買的。looks 外表，外貌； reason原因； value 價(jià)值；advantages優(yōu)點(diǎn)，優(yōu)勢(shì)。

　　38【解析】選A。此處應(yīng)是時(shí)間狀語從句，用once 引導(dǎo)，“一旦開始用鋼筆，卻并不滿意”； once 一旦；if 如果； because因?yàn)椋籺hough 雖然，盡管。

　　39【解析】選D。句意：如果你記住了以下幾點(diǎn)的話，買一支你喜歡的鋼筆是不難的。convenient 方便的；easy容易的； strange奇怪的，陌生的； difficult困難的。

　　40【解析】選B。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，好的鋼筆應(yīng)該是用起來很好用，很舒服的。heavy重的； easy容易的，舒適的； hard硬的，難的； safe安全的。

　　41【解析】選C。鋼筆的粗細(xì)是決定舒服度的最重要的特征。determine決定；seek追求，尋找。

　　42【解析】選D。和上句的small hand and thick fingers相對(duì)照，此處應(yīng)是larger hand and thicker fingers。

　　43【解析】選A。句意：如果你的手比較大，手指比較粗的話，你可能更喜歡粗點(diǎn)的鋼筆。prefer喜愛；recommend推薦，建議；prepare準(zhǔn)備；demand要求，需要。

　　44【解析】選B。上文提到鋼筆的粗細(xì)是決定舒服度的最重要的特征，此處又提到其長(zhǎng)度也影響舒適度。故選also 也。hardly 幾乎不；never從不；still仍然。

　　45【解析】選C。上文提到長(zhǎng)度也會(huì)影響鋼筆的舒適度，那么造成鋼筆給人不平穩(wěn)感覺的就應(yīng)是鋼筆太長(zhǎng)了，所以選long長(zhǎng)的。thick粗的；light輕的；soft柔軟的。

　　46【解析】選B。此處的意思應(yīng)是“筆尖應(yīng)讓墨水出水均勻”，故選allow允許； change改變； reduce 減少；press 按，壓。

　　47【解析】選C。this指代上文中提到的“鋼筆出水均勻”。

　　48【解析】選D。出水均勻的鋼筆能夠讓字體線條流暢。smooth流暢的，光滑的；thin纖瘦的；rough粗糙的，不平的；black黑色的。

　　49【解析】選A。筆尖應(yīng)該是當(dāng)鋼筆拿起來時(shí)，不再出水。prevent …from doing…

　　阻止…做某事，此處指防止墨水流出free … from …使…免除…； protect …. from…保護(hù)…不受到傷害；remove… from…把…從…消除。

　　50【解析】選C。不能阻止墨水流出的筆尖會(huì)在你拿起鋼筆在放下時(shí)留下一灘灘的墨跡。way道路；sight視力；flow流量；stream小溪。

　　51【解析】選B。as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。當(dāng)你拿起鋼筆在放下時(shí)留下一灘灘的墨跡。

　　52【解析】選D。此處是列舉的最后一條。meanwhile與此同時(shí)；generally一般情況下；afterwards后來；finally最后。

　　53【解析】選D。細(xì)線條的鋼筆或許會(huì)補(bǔ)償差的書寫。show up出席；differ from不同于；break down出故障，垮掉；compensate for補(bǔ)償，賠償。

　　54【解析】選A。細(xì)線條的文字和印刷的文字在一起時(shí)，細(xì)線條的文字不會(huì)得到人們的注意，例如作為打印信件簽名時(shí)。attention注意力；support支持；respect尊重；admission許可。

　　55【解析】選B。舉例說明用for example；at most至多；in brief 簡(jiǎn)言之；on purpose故意地。

　　【跟蹤演練】

　　1、（2011·吉林省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三第二次模擬考試）

　　“ Down-to-earth” means someone or something that is honest, practical and easy to deal with．It is

　　36

　　to find someone who is down-to-earth．A person who is down-to-earth is easy to talk to

　　37

　　accepts other people as equals．A down-to-earth is just the 38 of someone who acts importantly and proudly.

　　Down-to-earth persons may be

　　39

　　members of society, of course．But they do not let their importance “ go to their

　　40

　　”．They do not

　　41

　　themselves to be better persons than others of less importance, someone who is filled with his own importance and

　　42 , often without cause, is said to have “his nose in the air”．There is no way a person with his nose in the

　　43

　　can be down-to-earth．Americans use another expression that means almost the same

　　44

　　“down-to-earth”．The expression is “both-feet-on-the-ground”．Someone with both-feet-on-the-ground is a person

　　45

　　a good understanding of reality．He has what is called “

　　46

　　sense”．He may have

　　47

　　, but he does not allow them to

　　48

　　his knowledge of what is real．The opposite kind of person is

　　49

　　who has his “head-in-the-clouds”．A man with his head in the clouds is a dreamer whose mind is not in the

　　50

　　world.

　　Sometimes

　　51

　　a dreamer can be brought back to earth． 52

　　words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth.

　　Usually, the person who is down-to-earth is very

　　53

　　to have both-feet-on-the-ground.

　　54

　　we have both our feet on-the-ground, when we are down-to-earth, we act

　　55

　　and openly toward others．Our lives are like the ground below us, solid and strong.

　　36．A．common

　　B．sad

　　C．pleasant

　　D．surprising

　　37．A．but

　　B．yet

　　C．a(chǎn)nd

　　D．while

　　38．A．kind

　　B．like

　　C．example

　　D．opposite

　　39．A．important

　　B．famous

　　C．successful

　　D．necessary

　　40．A．nose

　　B．heads

　　C．minds

　　D．forehead

　　41．A．wish

　　B．desire

　　C．expect

　　D．consider

　　42．A．proud

　　B．pride

　　C．famous

　　D．fame

　　43．A．a(chǎn)ir

　　B．sky

　　C．tree

　　D．cloud

　　44．A．like

　　B．with

　　C．of

　　D．for

　　45．A．has

　　B．who

　　C．is

　　D．with

　　46．A．usual

　　B．ordinary

　　C．common

　　D．daily

　　47．A．dreams

　　B．fortunes

　　C．a(chǎn)dvantages

　　D．luck

　　48．A．prevent

　　B．protect

　　C．block

　　D．gain

　　49．A．one

　　B．those

　　C．that

　　D．the one

　　50．A．reality

　　B．real

　　C．dreamful

　　D．true

　　51．A．so

　　B．such

　　C．each

　　D．that

　　52．A．Sharp

　　B．No

　　C．All

　　D．Bad

　　53．A．a(chǎn)ble

　　B．probable

　　C．likely

　　D．possible

　　54．A．When

　　B．While

　　C．As

　　D．Since

　　55．A．kindly

　　B．directly

　　C．friendly

　　D．honestly

　　（2011·福建省南安第一中學(xué)高三畢業(yè)班期中考試）

　　My bed is supposed to be the best part of my home — the place where I go to find

　　36_ and relaxation after a long, stressful day. So, lately, why do I get

　　37

　　just looking at it? I can’t leave this problem unsolved to the next day, because I can’t get to

　　38

　　in the first place: I am a victimof insomnia (失眠).

　　I’m not

　　39 _: studies show that more than one in three people worldwide

　　40

　　insomnia. It takes different

　　41

　　: some people can get to sleep on time, but

　　42

　　much too early; others get a full-night’s sleep but still

　　43

　　very tired when they wake up. And then there are people like me, ordinary insomniacs who toss and turn all

　　44

　　, trying to fall asleep.

　　Insomnia is most commonly a side effect of depression, but it can

　　45

　　be caused by many other ailments (小病痛). To find the

　　46

　　, doctors first find out the cause by

　　47

　　a “sleep diary,” in which you record your sleep habits. The diary may reveal (揭示) lifestyle patterns,

　　48

　　an afternoon nap, which are causing your

　　49

　　. Dr. Mark Dyken, a specialist in sleep disorders, writes that, “a good sleep diary can often

　　50

　　the patients to ‘cure themselves.’”

　　A good night’s sleep is created during the day.

　　51

　　in the beginning or middle of the day, and