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2024高考英語備考復習:動詞的時態和語態

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2024高考英語備考復習:動詞的時態和語態

  時態和語態 一般 進行 完成 完成進行

  現在 write, writes am/is/are writing have/has written have/has been writing

  過去 wrote was/were writing had written had been writing

  將來 shall/will write shall/will be writing shall/will have written shall/will have been writing

  過去將來 should/would write should/would be writing should/would have written should/would have been writing

  (1)

  ①表示客觀事實或普通真理()Water ______

  (boil) at 100oC.

  ②表示現狀、性質、狀態時多用系動詞或狀態動詞;表示經常或習慣性的動作,多用動作動詞,且常與表頻率的時間狀語always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等連用。

  Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which _____ the Pacific, and we met no storm.

  A. was called

  B. is called

  C. had been called

  D. has been called

  ③表示知覺、態度、感情、某種抽象的關系或概念的詞常用一般現在時:see, hear, smelltaste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。All the students here ____(belong) to No.1 Middle School.

  ④現在時態表示將來時A. 用現在時表示將來時往往出現在下列狀語從句中:if, unless, even if等引導的條件狀語從句;when, before, after, once, until, till, as soon as(the moment, immediately)等引導的時間狀語從句;no matter what/who/which/when/where/how或whatever/whoever/whichever/whenever/ wherever /however引導的讓步狀語從句。(有時也但要注意由if 引導的條件狀語從句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”,但不表示時態。If you _______( accept) my invitation and come to our party, my family _____________( please).

  When you _________( finish) the report, I will ______( wait) for about 3???hours.

  B. 少數用于表示起止的動詞如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、open、close、end、stop,run等常用一般現在時代替將來時,The next train____________( leave) at 3 o'clock this afternoon.

  表示根據時間或事先安排,肯定會出現的狀態,固定不變或不易變的動作或狀態,只用一般現在時。

  Tomorrow_________(be) Wednesday.

  C. 倒裝句,,有時表將來, There ______(go) the bell. = The bell _______( ring).

  D. hope, take care that, make sure that等后。

  Make sure that the windows _____________(close) before you___________( leave) the room tomorrow.

  (2)一般過去時

  ① 一般過去時的基本用法:表示過去的事情、動作或狀態常與表示過去具體的時間狀語連用(或有上下文語境暗示);用于表示過去習慣性動作。特別是由would/ used to do表達的句型,本身表示的?就是過去時;表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到或希望的事通常用過去式。

  I _________(think) the film _________( be) interesting, but it ___________________(be not).

  ② 有時可代替一般現在時,表達一種婉轉、客氣、禮貌、商量的語氣。

  I __________(want) to ask you if I could borrow your car?

  ③ 表示兩個緊接著發生的動作,常由以下詞語連接,用一般過去時。如:but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute The moment she___(come) in, she ___(tell) me what ___ (happen) to her.

  ④ 非真實的動作或狀態,屬虛擬的語氣范疇

  It’s time we______(go).

  ⑤ : Why didn’t you / I think of that?

  I didn’t notice it.

  I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.

  I didn’t recognize him.

  注意事項:A) 注意時間狀語的搭配。一般過去時的時間狀語應該是表示過去某個時間的詞或詞組,如:yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等,絕對不可與recently, in the past 10 years, this month等連用,因為這樣的時間狀語都與現在有關系,應該用現在完成時或一般現在時。

  B) used to do的否定形式和疑問形式很特別:你怎么寫都正確。以否定形式為例:used not to do, usedn’t

  to do, didn't use to do都對。

  used to do…和would +動詞原形 表示過去經常發生或反復發生的動作。used to do一般只表示過去情況,現在不這樣;而would do則現在情況不明,常和when 引導的時間狀語連用,would一般不能be動詞連用。

  used to do經常與 be used to doing sth/ sth結構進行對比。前者表示"過去常常或過去曾經",要求加動詞原形;后者表示"習慣于",要求加名詞或動名詞。

  C) 當主句是過去將來時,從句用一般過去時表過去將來時。

  He said he ________(go) for a holiday when he finished his work.

  一

  般

  將

  來

  時 將

  來 某個時刻(或某段時間內)將來要發生的動作,更多地用于帶有條件從句的主句中 He ____( come) next week.

  I’ll ask her as soon as she _______(come).

  狀態 Your dress ______(be) ready soon.

  現

  在 預測現在某事可能要發生了 It’s eleven o’clock.

  Mary will be in bed by now.

  現在的習慣 A lion will never attack an elephant.

  現在的需要 Shall I help you ?

  對將來的事情現在作出決定 —Which shirt do you want ?—I___( take) the blue one, please.

  ①will / shall + 動詞(tomorrow、next week等)

  ②表示一種趨向或習慣動作。We_________(die) without air or water.

  ③有些動詞,:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay,,,

   My mother ________(come) to visit me next week and ___________(stay) here until May.

  (,5月。)

  ④be going to與will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及區別:

  A B C D

  be going to 表示“計劃、打算、安排將要做的事”時,主語只能是人 說話人說話之前已考慮過的, 主語是物時,表示說話人根據某種跡象主觀推測可能發生的事 不能用于含有條件句的主句中

  will/shall 表示將要發生某事或主語的“意愿” 說話人說話時刻才考慮到的, 表示客觀規律必然發生的 可用于含有條件句的主句或從句中表示“意愿”

  be to 表示安排、計劃要做的事 與第二人稱連用,表示轉述第三者的話 表示命令,相當于should / must 表示“能”、“該”、“想要”、“注定、不可避免”

  be about to do sth

  ;句中不能再加at once, immediately和表示具體時間的詞語;常有“be about to…..when”結構;

  If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.()

  ‘The phone is ringing,’ ‘I _________(answer) it ’ .

  Next year you _______( be) 17 years old.

  If you _________(listen) to me, I_________( tell) you a story.

  Autumn harvest_______________________(start).

  "be to do"的5種用法: a) “按計劃、安排即將發生某事或打算做某事”。

  She ______________( see) in the lab on Monday.(You_________(go) to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests ______________( arrive) in less than 5 minutes.

  c) 能或不能發生的事情(can, may)征求意見。 Who _________( go) there? 誰該去那兒呢?

  I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience. A. will be attended

  B. will be attended to

  C. is attended

  D. is attended to

  e) 用于條件從句“如果……想,”(if ……want to,或if ……should) Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____ avoided. A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been

  ④ “正要、將要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。

  I was on the point of _______ (telephone) him when his letter ___________(arrive).

  注意事項☆.現在時態表示將來時

  I hope his health ______________( improve) by the time you_________( come) back next year.

  (4)

  1. 表示現在( 指說話人說話時) 正在發生的事情。

  We _____________( wait) for you now.

  2. 習慣進行:表示長期的或重復性的動作,說話時動作未必正在進行。

  Mr. Green ________( write) another novel. (說話時并未在寫,只處于寫作的狀態。)

  3. 表示漸變的動詞有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin

  The leaves _________(turn) red.

  4. 與always、often,always, often, forever, constantly

  等頻度副詞連用,,

  You _____ always ____________(change) your mind.

  5.表近期特定的安排或計劃;表示來、去、開始、終結、離開、到達等意義的瞬間動詞的進行體表示即將發生的動作。At six I ______(bathe) the baby.

  ②下面四類動詞不宜用現在進行時。1) 事實狀態的動詞。如:have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue, appear, depend on

  2) 表示心理狀態、情感的動詞。如:know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, like, hate, mind,

  wish.

  3) :accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.

  4) :seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn

  5)

  5)過去進行時

  A) 表示在過去一個比較具體的時間正在發生的動作。Mary ______( listen) to light music 10 minutes ago.

  B) 表示過去某階段在進行的暫時性習慣動作。He is a doctor, but at that time he _____(work) in a laboratory.

  C) 表示過去將要發生的動作,但只限于一些表示起始和移動意義的動詞。

  I had thought that he __________(come) to see me the next day, but he didn’t

  D) 表示過去打算實現,但沒有實現的動作。I _______( come), but my car broke down.

  E) 表示剛才的情況。--Can you give me the right answer?

  --Sorry, I___________(not listen). Would you please repeat that question?

  F) 描寫故事的背景。One day, we ________(walk) along a road, which ______(go) around the foot of the hill. Suddenly, we _______(see) a little girl __________(run) quickly towards us.

  (6) 將來進行時(will be doing)

  強調在將來的某個具體時間正在發生的動作或事情。

  Don't worry, you ___(not miss) her. She _____( wear) a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.

  (7)現在完成時

  A) 表示動作到現在為止已經完成或剛剛完成。I bought a new house, but I ____ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.

  A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell

  B) 表示從過去某時刻開始,持續到現在的動作或情況,并且有可能會繼續延續下去。此時經常用延續性動詞。時間狀語常用since加一個過去的時間點,或for加一段時間,或by加一個現在時間。

  Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ____ today and??are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.

  A) are to challenge B) have been challenged

  C) may be challenged  D) are challenging

  C) 表示發生在過去,但對現在仍有影響的動作或情況。通常用點動詞,如:arrive, begin, find, give, lose, fall, come, leave, start, buy, sell, hear, join等。表示動作在過去完成,構成主語的經歷。

  I ___________(have)

  the gift for ten years.

  *瞬間動作的肯定式一般不可與表示一段時間的狀語一起用于現在完成時。瞬間動詞的否定式可以與表示一段時間狀語一起用于現在完成時。He has come here for two days. (改錯)

  D) 在時間和條件狀語從句中,表示將來完成的動作。(表示這一動作先于另一動作)

  I will lend the book to you when I _________( finish) reading it.

  E) 表示一段時間內重復性習慣性動作。I __________(get)up early all my life.

  包括“現在”在內或截止到“現在”的時間狀語才能與現在完成時連用。He __________( work) in that hospital for 8 years. Now he ________(teach)

  B) 因為含有for加一段時間或since加一個時間點這樣的時間狀語的完成時,,My sister _______________(marry) for 5 years.

  C) 在時間或條件狀語從句中,Don’t get off the bus until it _____( stop).

  D) 現在完成時除可以和for、since引導的狀語連用外,:during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks), in recent years, so far, up to now, recently, lately, already, yet,;

  有表示頻率的時間狀語一般用完成時態如:ever, never; 表示到目前為止多少次或第幾次干某事。

  He _______(be) to Beijing several times.

  E)It(This/That)is the first(second…) time that...

  It(This/That)is the first(second…) that...

  It(This/That)is the only…that…

  It(This/That)is the best(biggest…) that…

  主句用一般現在時或一般將來時,從句用現在完成時;主句用一般過去時,從句用過去完成時。

  It is the first time that I_____( see) so much money.

  It was the second time that I _________(hurt) by his words.

  現在完成時與現在完成進行時的比較 -- Hi, Tracy, you look tired.

  “--- I am tired. I _______ the living room all day.

  A. painted

  B. had painted

  C. have been painting

  D. have painted

  (8)過去完成時

  表示在過去的某個時間或動作以前已經發生的動作或已經存在的狀態。就是我們常說的:表示"過去的過去的動作或狀態"。①常用過去完成時的幾種情況:(A)在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示過去某一時間的短語或從句以前發生的動作。

  By the end of last year, we ______( produce) 20,000 cars. The train _____(leave) before we reached the station.

  (B) 表示曾實現的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/though / wanted / expected等或用上述動詞過去式接不定式完成式表示即:hoped / planned … + to have done

  (C)“ + before”在句子中作狀語,;“ + ago”在句中作狀語,

  He said his first teacher ____

  (die) at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua____

  (leave) school 3 years ago.

  (D)“一……就”的幾個句型:Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had +

  + 過去分詞 + when / than / before + 一般過去時.

  We ____no sooner ______(seat) than the bus ____(start). = No sooner ____ we ____( seat) than the bus____(start).

  ②若句子中含有 before, after, as soon as, until 等連詞引導的時間狀語從句,通常可用一般過去時代替過去完成時。After he _________(leave) the room, the boss _______(come) in.

  過去完成時與一般過去時:過去完成時強調的是“過去的過去”;如出現同一主語連續幾個動作(“連謂”)形式則只用一般過去時即可。

  (9)將來完成時(will have done)

  表示從將來的某一時間開始、延續到另一個將來時間的動作或狀態,或是發生在某個將來時間,但對其后的另一個將來時間有影響的動作或狀態。就好象把現在完成時平移到時間軸的將來時時段一樣。其用法從和過去及現在有關,變成了和將來及將來的將來有關。The conference ______ a full week by the time it ends.

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