2024高考英語備考復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案：語法和詞匯知識之非謂語動詞

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　　專題一語法和詞匯知識之非謂語動詞（9）（新課標）

　　【專題考點】

　　1 考查動詞的-ing形式和動詞不定式作賓語時的區(qū)別

　　2 以考查動詞不定式、動詞的-ing形式和過去分詞作定語、狀語、賓語補足語為重點

　　3 考查獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

　　4 試題特點將呈現(xiàn)“情景化”和“設(shè)問角度多樣化”，充分利用非謂語動詞間的互相干擾

　　5 利用祈使句和以非謂語動詞開頭的句子結(jié)構(gòu)上相似的特點增加試題難度

　　【典例探究】

　　1 （2010·全國卷I·T27） Mrs. White showed her students some old maps?_________??from the library.

　　A. to borrow

　　B. to be borrowed

　　C. borrowed

　　D. borrowing

　　【解析】選C。句意：Mrs. White讓她的學(xué)生看了一些從圖書館借來的舊地圖。根據(jù)句意以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處需要非謂語動詞作定語修飾前面的some old maps。又some old maps與borrow是被動關(guān)系，故排除A、D。根據(jù)句意可知borrow這個動作已被完成，所以選C。過去分詞表示被動、完成，而不定式的被動式表示將來的被動動作。

　　【知識拓展】非謂語動詞的三種形式作狀語

　　1.動詞不定式與-ing形式作狀語時，與句子的主語是邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，過去分詞與句子的主語是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。

　　2. .動詞不定式可表示目的、結(jié)果狀語，有時表示結(jié)果狀語時，強調(diào)意外的結(jié)果。

　　3. -ing形式與過去分詞除了不能表示目的外，可以表示原因、時間、條件、讓步、伴隨、結(jié)果等。-ing形式表示結(jié)果時，強調(diào)順其自然的結(jié)果。

　　例如：

　　1）To achieve my goal, I must work hard.為了實現(xiàn)我的目標，我必須努力。（.動詞不定式表示目的）

　　2）We hurried home, only to find my parents were not at home.我們匆忙到家，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)父母不在。（.動詞不定式表示意外的結(jié)果）

　　3）Seen from the window, the picture is not clear.從窗戶那兒看，這幅畫不清楚。（主語the picture 與see是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系）

　　=Seeing from the window, she finds the picture is not clear. 從窗戶那兒看，她發(fā)現(xiàn)這幅畫不清楚。（主語she與see是邏輯上的主動關(guān)系）

　　4) The price of buildings has been going up, making many people worried.房價不斷上漲，使的很多人擔(dān)心。（-ing形式表示順其自然的結(jié)果）

　?。?010·江蘇卷·T28）The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, ________ the students to return to their classrooms.

　　A. enabling

　　B. having enabled

　　C. to enable

　　D. to have enabled

　　【解析】選A。句意：那個退休的人把他大部分的積蓄捐獻給了玉樹地震中受損的學(xué)校，使得學(xué)生們能夠重返教室。本題考查動詞的-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語（自然而然的結(jié)果）； B和D項均為完成式，表示enable這個動作先發(fā)生，這與語境矛盾，故排除；C項是不定式作結(jié)果狀語，多用于表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。所以選擇A項。

　　【知識拓展】-ing形式與不定式作結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別

　　ing形式作結(jié)果狀語表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，即意料之中的結(jié)果，其作用相當于一個非限制性的定語從句；而不定式作結(jié)果狀語通常表示非邏輯的結(jié)果，即出乎意料的結(jié)果，不定式多與only連用。

　　A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, killing all four people on board. =…, which killed all four people on board.

　?、贠il prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, reaching a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. =…, which reached a record …

　?、跿he news reporters hurried to the airport, only to be told the film stars had left.

　?、蹵 lot of new machines were applied in the factory, thus resulting in a production increase. =…, which thus resulted in a production increase.

　　⑤He hurriedly had his breakfast and took a taxi to the station, only to find the train had left half an hour before.

　　3、（2010·山東卷·T29）The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked.

　　A. laid

　　B. laying

　　C. to lay

　　D. being laid

　　【解析】選A?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句意為：客廳干凈、整潔，一張餐桌已經(jīng)擺好，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此句為with賓語復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其中l(wèi)ay與a dining table準備要吃一頓飯。為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故要用過去分詞。

　　【知識拓展】非謂語動詞用法的考查角度：（1）非謂語動詞在句中作狀語 They landed the plane, using the computers less powerful than the ones used in the average schools today. Having been cut off from the outside world for a week, they have lost the last hope of surviving.

　　(2) 非謂語動詞在句中作定語

　　The computer center, opened in 2004, is intended to help the researchers to search for the relevant information on the internet.

　　(3) 非謂語動詞在句中作賓語補足語

　　I’d like to have my package weighed. They are sitting in front of the TV set, watching the player competing against their rivals.

　　(4) 非謂語動詞在with賓語復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的考查 With so many people coming to their help, the villagers found it much easier to overcome the difficulties they had after the flood.

　　(5) 非謂語動詞在獨立主格中的考查

　　We finally came to a very beautiful house, its owner seated in the armchair, reading leisurely in the yard.

　　4、（2010·江西卷·T 32）. There were many talented actors out there just waiting

　　A. to discover

　　B. to be discovered

　　C. discovered

　　D. being discovered

　　【解析】選B。句意：外面有很多有才華的演員等著被發(fā)現(xiàn)。wait后加不定式作賓語，排除C、 D

　　兩項；且discover 與actors之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用不定式的被動語態(tài)。

　?。?010·安徽卷·T30） He had a wonderful childhood, _____with his mother to all corners of the world

　　A. travel

　　to travel

　　C. traveled

　　D. traveling【解析】選D。句意：他有一個美好的童年，他和媽媽一起游遍了世界各地。had 是句子的謂語，所以逗號后面不能用travel這種謂語動詞形式，應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式作伴隨狀語，travel和邏輯主語he是主動關(guān)系，所以要用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。____that you are chosen to be a volunteer at the London Olympic Games, what will you do?

　　A. Assumed

　　B. Assuming

　　C. To assume

　　D. To be assumed

　　2、（2011·江西南昌一中、南昌十中聯(lián)考）The children all turned

　　the famous actress as she entered the classroom．

　　A．looked at

　　B．to look at

　　C．to looking at

　　D．look atThe murderer ran away from his village, trying to avoid ______ by the police, but in vain．

　　A．to be caught

　　B．being caught

　　C．to be catching

　　D．to catchI’d never come back to this hell of a place,

　　A determining

　　B decided

　　C to determine

　　D to decide

　　6（2010·上海市崇明縣二模）31. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _____ the desert.

　　A. to cover

　　B. covered

　　C. cover

　　D. covering

　　7. A few yards down Colson street, she caught sight of a figure ___________in the opposite direction.

　　A. to hurry

　　B. to be hurrying

　　C. hurrying

　　D. having hurried

　　8 The residents approve of the measures ________so far in our city,_______ to bring a sharp rise in oil prices.

　　A. having been taken; intended

　　B. to be taken; intending

　　C. taken; to intend

　　D. taken; intended

　　9. Teamwork is very important in modern society._____ an effective team member, you need to develop a teamwork attitude.

　　A. Become

　　B. Becoming

　　C. Having become

　　D. To become

　　10. There will be more than 750 projects________, creating nearly 40, 000 jobs starting this summer, including 15, 000 in a Youth Conservation Corps.

　　A. started

　　B. to be started

　　C. starting

　　D. to start

　　11. The girl came ______to the cinema only _______the tickets had been sold out.

　　A. to run; telling

　　B. running; to be told

　　C. and ran; being told

　　D. running; to tell

　　12. These surveys indicate that many crimes go ______by the police, mainly because not all victims report them.

　　A. unrecorded

　　B. to be unrecorded

　　C. to have been unrecorded

　　D. unrecording

　　13. Brandon worked for hours after school ________money for her education.

　　A. making

　　B. made

　　C. to make

　　D. having made

　　14. ________true events, the film follows the life of Braddock, a boxer in New York.

　　A. Being based on

　　B. Basing on

　　C. Based on

　　D. Having based on

　　15. I walked out of the cinema,________ I’d never come back to this hell of a place.

　　A. determining

　　B. decided

　　C. to determine

　　D. to decide

　　16. The moving picture of a little boy of 5, ______from the big earthquake, has been made________ to all Chinese people for the boy’s saluting to the soldiers.

　　A. saved; to know

　　B. to save; knowing

　　C. have been saved; know

　　D. saved; known

　　17. The time and effort he has devoted during the past few years __________trees in that remote area is now considered to be of great value.

　　A. to planting

　　B. to plant

　　C. Plant

　　D. planting

　　18. The teacher called Tom to his office because he was caught _________in the exam.

　　A. to cheat

　　B. cheating

　　C. cheated

　　D. cheat

　　19. It is reported that some wild animals were found ________in a big cave in the mountain.

　　A. to hide dead

　　B. hidden dead

　　C. hiding dead

　　D. hidden death

　　20. Most students in our class prefer taking pains in our studies to ________with a better education.

　　A. equip

　　B. equipping

　　C. be equipped

　　D. being equipped

　　21. When he came back three hours later, they were still sitting on the sofa, ______in conversation.

　　A. absorbing

　　B. absorbed

　　C. to absorb

　　D. to be absorbed

　　22. After her success as a child actor, Taylor had no trouble _______into adult roles and won twice for Best Actress.

　　A. to move

　　B. move

　　C. moved

　　D. moving

　　23. Henry,_________ the experiment as I showed you just now, or you will not pass.

　　A. do

　　B. does

　　C. doing

　　D. done

　　24. If the building project _______by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company________.

　　A. to be completed; will be fined

　　B. is completed; is fined

　　C. being completed; will be fined

　　D. completed; is being fined

　　25. ________all the required papers, he didn’t answer the questions fluently in class.

　　A. Having not read

　　B. Not having read

　　C. Not read

　　D. Not to read

　　26. The little girl showed no anxiety before the competition. She seemed _________it pretty well.

　　A. to prepare

　　B. preparing

　　C. having prepared

　　D. to have prepared

　　27. In his victory speech, ________before a huge crowd of his supporters, Obama declared that“Change has come to America. ”

　　A. having delivered

　　B. to be delivered

　　C. delivering

　　D. delivered

　　28. —Does Shelly like shopping?

　　—Well,

　　she would rather spend time________

　　at home than _______ in the street.

　　A. read; wander

　　B. reading; wander

　　C. in reading; to wander

　　D. reading; to wander

　　29. _________to attend the course he is not interested in, Brown always prefers ________at home to do what he likes.

　　A. To go; to stay

　　B. To going; to stay

　　C. To going; staying

　　D. To go; staying

　　30（2010· 福建省八閩高中二模）34. The schedule, originally ____ out last week, had to be cancelled because of the unexpected snow storm.

　　A. carried

　　B. to be carried

　　C. being carried

　　D. was carried

　　31. _______to a university in the UK, international students must display a strong ability in spoken and written English.

　　A. Having been admitted

　　B. To be admitted

　　C. Being admitted

　　D. Admitted

　　【解析】選B。不定式作目的狀語。

　　32. The computer programs are a puzzle to me. The more I think of them, the more questions I think of______.

　　A. ask

　　B. asked

　　C. being asked

　　D. to ask

　　33. Beijing National Stadium, the showpiece of the Beijing Olympics, has fallen into disuse since the end of the games,________ it difficult to make a profit.

　　A. make

　　B. to make

　　C. making

　　D. made

　　34. With all the magazines I needed_______, I left the post office.

　　A. buying

　　B. to buy

　　C. bought

　　D. to be bought

　　35. ______from lightweight materials, the robots are about the size of a human arm or smaller.

　　A. To build

　　B. Being built